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Variation for Tuber Greening in the Diploid Wild Potato Solanum Microdontum

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Abstract

Greening of the tuber skin is an undesirable defect in fresh and processed potato. Tubers of 92 Solanum microdontum families represented by 12 individuals each were generated in the winter greenhouse in 2009–2010. These were evaluated in two trials of family bulks after 4 days of exposure to 200 ft candles of fluorescent white light at room temperature, similar to that observed in local grocery stores, and according to preliminary tests, able to turn some microdontum tubers very green. A qualitative score of green (G) or white (W) was assigned to each tuber. Tubers of about 10 % of families were scored as mostly W. In comparison, when 185 named Solanum tuberosum cultivars were illuminated in the same way, none from Europe or North America scored W. Two replicates of G and W individual tubers were selected from a variety of microdontum families and planted to create a new clonal generation of tubers. Those second generation daughter tubers showed a response to illumination which was consistent with that of the previous clonal generation. Finally, W and G clones were selected and mated. All GxG hybrids were uniformly G, but only three WxW crosses produced families that were nearly uniformly W. Thus some selections were shown to have consistent non-greening over trials spaced in time, over a clonal generation, and, when crossed together produced pure non-greening progeny. On the other hand, several very green selections similarly were consistently very green over time, clonal regeneration, and intermating. Tests of tuber tissue for glycoalkaloids showed that some illuminated clones neither green nor accumulate glycoalkaloids. These materials would make good models for further study of inheritance and physiology of the greening trait, and for breeding.

Resumen

El verdeo de la piel del tubérculo es un defecto indeseable en la papa fresca y para procesamiento. En invernadero en invierno de 2009–2010, se generaron tubérculos de 92 familias de Solanum microdontum representadas por 12 individuos cada una. Se evaluaron en dos ensayos en grupos de familia después de cuatro días de exposición a 200 pies candela de luz blanca fluorescente a temperatura ambiente, similar a lo que se observa en las tiendas locales de abarrotes, y de acuerdo a pruebas preliminares, capaces de mucho enverdecimiento de algunos tubérculos de microdontum. Se asignó a cada tubérculo una calificación cualitativa de verde (G) o blanca (W). Tubérculos de cerca del 10 % de las familias tuvieron calificaciones mayormente W. En comparación, cuando se iluminaron de la misma manera 185 variedades con nombre de Solanum tuberosum, ninguna de Europa o Norteamérica tuvo calificación de W. Se seleccionaron dos repeticiones de tubérculos individuales de G y W de una amplitud de familias de microdontum y se plantaron para crear una nueva generación clonal de tubérculos. Los tubérculos descendientes de esa segunda generación mostraron una respuesta a la iluminación consistente con la generación clonal previa. Finalmente, se seleccionaron y cruzaron clones W y G. Todos los híbridos GxG fueron G uniformemente, pero solamente tres cruzas WxW produjeron familias que fueron cercanamente uniformes W. De aquí que algunas selecciones mostraron tener no enverdecimiento consistente a lo largo de los ensayos espaciados en el tiempo, sobre una generación clonal, y cuando se cruzaron juntos produjeron progenie pura de no enverdecimiento. Por otro lado, algunas selecciones muy verdes similarmente fueron consistentemente muy verdes en el tiempo, en regeneración clonal y en intercruzamientos. Las pruebas de tejido de tubérculo para glicoalcaloides mostraron que algunos clones iluminados no se verdearon ni acumularon glicoalcaloides. Estos materiales harían buenos modelos para estudio posterior de la herencia y fisiología del carácter de enverdecimiento y para mejoramiento.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mrs. Adele Douglass for technical assistance and first noticing the great greening differential among microdontum populations, and the Peninsular Agricultural Research Station program and staff for their support.

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Correspondence to John Bamberg.

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Bamberg, J., Moehninsi, Navarre, R. et al. Variation for Tuber Greening in the Diploid Wild Potato Solanum Microdontum . Am. J. Potato Res. 92, 435–443 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-015-9454-8

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