Spatial-temporal characteristics of the Asia High warm center and atmospheric waves excited by it in upper troposphere
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摘要:
利用1979年1月至2016年12月ERA-interim月平均再分析资料和CAMP全球月降水资料，分析夏季（6—8月）南亚高压下方500 hPa到100 hPa暖中心的时空分布，从三维结构来揭示夏季南亚高压暖心特征.回归分析进一步探讨青藏高原上空暖中心对全球大气环流产生的可能影响.结果表明：南亚高压在150 hPa达到最强，这一层也是异常冷暖中心分界面，150 hPa以下有一强大异常暖中心，异常暖中心位于300 hPa附近，150 hPa以上为异常冷中心，中心位置位于70 hPa附近.异常暖中心从500 hPa向上逐渐向西向北倾斜，异常暖中心面积200 hPa达最大，150 hPa异常暖中心消失，100 hPa以上转变为异常冷中心.500~200 hPa异常暖中心表现出不断增暖的长期趋势（1979—2016），100 hPa异常冷中心则表现出不断变冷的长期趋势（1979—2016）.去掉长期趋势的时间序列表现出明显的"准两年振荡"特征，异常暖中心位置在纬向上较稳定，在经向上表现出年际的"东西振荡".300 hPa异常暖中心是整个南亚高压的关键层.300 hPa异常暖中心对全球其他变量场进行回归分析.高度回归场表明，青藏高原上空异常暖中心在北半球中高纬度高度场上激发出3波的行星波，波特征在对流层中上层表现明显，波振幅随高度增高不断加强，在对流层中下层逐渐减弱并消失.纬向风回归场在对流层中上层表现出横跨南北半球的波列，这个波列在200 hPa振幅最大.经向风回归场在北半球中纬度（30°N—60°N）表现出7波型，说明南北能量交换频繁.降水回归场表明，东亚地区长江中下游至日本降水偏少，而其南北两侧降水偏多.
Abstract:Using ERA-interim monthly mean data from January 1979 to December 2016 and CAMP global monthly mean precipitation data, the spatial-temporal distribution of the warm center is analyzed from 500 hPa to 100 hPa under the Asia High and reveals the 3-D structures characteristics of the warm center in summer (June to August). Regression is utilized to further study the possible impacts of the warm center over Tibetan on the global air circulation. Results show: it is at 150 hPa for Asia High to get the strongest, this level is also an interface between the cold and the warm center. Under 150 hPa there is the warm region with the warmest center at 300 hPa as well as above 150 hPa there is cooling region with the coolest center at 70 hPa. The warm center declines towards northwest from 500 hPa to 200 hPa and becomes the biggest at the level of 200 hPa. The warm center disappears at 150 hPa and then the warm center switches to the cooling center at 100 hPa. The warm centers at different levels have a gradually increasing long-term trend above 500 hPa to 200 hPa during 1979 to 2016, while the cooling center at 100 hPa shows an obvious Quasi Biennial Oscillation (QBO) features. The latitude position of the warm center is relatively stable, however, the longitude position of the warm center takes on a "west-east oscillation" from year to year. The warm center at 300 hPa is the key level for the Asia High and has the close relationship with its upper levels and lower levels. Regression of the warm center at 300 hPa on the other variable fields reveal that the warm center over Tibetan Plateau excites 3-Rossby waves in height fields on the mid-high latitude in northern hemisphere. It is marked on the upper troposphere for the waves as well as the waves amplitude increase with the height increasing. The waves disappear on the lower troposphere. The zonal wind regression field shows there is a wave train across the equator, for these waves, the wave amplitudes are the biggest at 200 hPa. A 7-waves pattern is discovered for meridional wind regression field on mid-latitude (30°N—60°N) of Northern Hemisphere. That means there are frequently energy exchange between South and North. The precipitation regression field indicates there is decreasing water trend from mid-low Yangzi River basin to Japan as well as there are increasing water trend in South and North region of Yangzi River basin.
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Key words:
- Asia High /
- Heating center /
- Upper troposphere /
- Lower stratosphere /
- 3-Rossby waves
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图 1
青藏高原夏季(6—8月)位势高度(实线，单位：m2·s-2)和温度(阴影，单位：K)沿30 °N垂直剖面(a)，高度纬向偏差垂直剖面(实线，单位：m2·s-2)和温度纬向偏差(阴影，单位：K)垂直剖面图(b)
Figure 1.
Mean potential height (solid line, unit: m2·s-2) and temperature (shaded, unit: K) longitude-height section along 30°N (a), height removed zonal mean (solid line, unit: m2·s-2) and temperature removed zonal mean (shaded, unit: K) longitude-height section along 30°N over Tibetan Plateau in summer (June—August)
图 2
青藏高原夏季(6—8月)各层温度水平分布(a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, f1)、温度纬向异常水平分布(a2, b2, c2, d2, e2, f2)和纬向平均气温曲线(a3, b3, c3, d3, e3, f3)(单位：K)
Figure 2.
Horizontal distribution of temperature (a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, f1), of temperature removed zonal mean (a2, b2, c2, d2, e2, f2) and zonal mean temperature curve (a3, b3, c3, d3, e3, f3) at the different levels in summer (June—August) over Tibetan Plateau (unit: K)
图 3
南亚高压夏季暖中心温度时间序列(去掉纬向平均，左列图)，暖中心纬向位置时间序列(中列图)、暖中心经向位置时间序列(右列图)(第1行，100 hPa; 第2行，150 hPa; 第3行，200 hPa; 第4行，300 hPa; 第5行，400 hPa; 第6行，500 hPa)
Figure 3.
Temperature time series of the warm center (removed zonal mean, left column), the zonal position time series of the warm center (middle column) and the meridional position time series of the warm center (right column) for Asia High in summer (June—August) (First raw, 100 hPa; second raw, 150 hPa; third raw, 200 hPa; fourth raw, 300 hPa; fifth raw, 400 hPa; sixth raw, 500 hPa)
图 4
300 hPa暖中心回归的高度场(单位: m2·s-2/degree)
Figure 4.
The regression field of height with the 300 hPa warm center (unit: m2·s-2/degree)
图 5
300 hPa暖中心回归的u风场(单位: m·s-1/degree)
Figure 5.
The regression field of the u wind component with the 300hPa warm center (unit: m·s-1/degree)
图 6
300 hPa暖中心回归的v风场(单位: m·s-1/degree)
Figure 6.
The regression field of v wind component with the 300 hPa warm center (unit: m·s-1/degree)
图 7
300 hPa暖中心回归的全球降水场(单位：mm·d-1/degree)
Figure 7.
The regression field of the global precipitation with the 300 hPa warm center (unit: mm·d-1/degree)
表 1
南亚高压不同层最高温度相关系数(粗体数字为相关系数通过95%的置信水平)
Table 1.
The correlation coefficient of the max temperature between one another at the different levels for the Asia High (bold number means above 95% confidence level)
100 hPa 150 hPa 200 hPa 300 hPa 400 hPa 500 hPa 100 hPa 1 -0.15 -0.35 -0.60 -0.54 -0.31 150 hPa 1 0.11 -0.21 -0.21 0.05 200 hPa 1 0.33 0.28 0.28 300 hPa 1 0.87 0.52 400 hPa 1 0.57 500 hPa 1 
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表 2
南亚高压不同层最高温度纬向位置相关系数(粗体数字为相关系数通过95%的置信水平)
Table 2.
The correlation coefficient of the zonal position of the max temperature between one another at the different levels for the Asia High (bold number means above 95% confidence level)
100 hPa 150 hPa 200 hPa 300 hPa 400 hPa 500 hPa 100 hPa 1 0.29 0.09 -0.53 -0.31 0.16 150 hPa 1 -0.07 -0.23 -0.33 0.22 200 hPa 1 0.37 0.20 0.21 300 hPa 1 0.63 0.39 400 hPa 1 0.38 500 hPa 1
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表 3
南亚高压不同层最高温度经度位置相关系数(粗体数字为相关系数通过95%的置信水平)
Table 3.
The correlation coefficient of the meridional position of the max temperature between one another at the different levels for the Asia High (bold number means above 95% confidence level)
100 hPa 150 hPa 200 hPa 300 hPa 400 hPa 500 hPa 100 hPa 1 0.39 -0.22 0.27 0.08 0.19 150 hPa 1 0.03 0.19 0.26 0.18 200 hPa 1 0.28 0.29 0.10 300 hPa 1 0.72 0.68 400 hPa 1 0.54 500 hPa 1
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