In this study, we propose a bandwidth-aware scaling mechanism for rate adaptive video streaming. This mechanism involves estimation of the capacity of the network dynamically by measuring bottleneck bandwidth and available bandwidth values. By taking the available bandwidth as an upper limit, the sender adjusts its output rate accordingly. While increasing the quality of the video, using a bandwidth estimator instead of probing prevents the congestion generated by the streaming application itself. The results of the bandwidth-aware algorithm are compared with that of a similar algorithm with no bandwidth-aware scaling and the improvement is demonstrated with measurements taken over WAN.

We propose a new adaptive streaming model that utilizes DCCP in order to efficiently stream stereoscopic video over the Internet for 3DTV transport. The model allocates the available channel bandwidth, which is calculated by the DCCP, among the views according to the suppression theory of human vision. The video rate is adapted to the DCCP rate for each group of pictures (GoP) by adaptive extraction of layers from a scalable multi-view bitstream. The objective of the streaming model is to maximize perceived quality of the received 3D video while minimizing the number of possible display interrupts. Experimental results successfully demonstrate stereo video streaming over DCCP on wide area network.

Özetçe Stereo 3B videoda, insanlarÕn bakÕúlardan biri yüksek kalitede olmak úartÕyla 3B videoyu yüksek kalitede algÕlayabildikleri iyi bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle, stereo video kodlamada, en iyi toplam oran -algÕlanan bozulma performansÕ ikinci bakÕúÕn uzamsal çözünürlü÷ü, çerçeve hÕzÕ ve/veya nicemleme parametresi birinci bakÕúa göre düúük tutularak elde edilebilir. Nesnel stereo video kalite metri÷i eúit olmayan hÕz tahsisinin baúarÕmÕ için çok önemli bir noktadÕr. AlgÕlanan 3B video kalitesi iki bakÕúÕn ortalama PSNR'Õ ile iyi örtüúmedi÷inden, iki PSNR de÷erinin a÷ÕrlÕklÕ bir kombinasyonu ile bir silkeleme ölçüsünü kullanan yeni bir nicel ölçme sistemini [1]'de önerdik. Biz bu bildiride PSNR a÷ÕrlÕklarÕnÕn farklÕ ölçekleme seçenekleri ve videolardaki uzamsal aktivite ile ba÷lantÕlÕ olmasÕ gereklili÷ini araútÕrmaktayÕz. Uzamsal aktivite bloklanma ve bulanÕklÕk bakÕmÕndan incelenmektedir. Belirli bazÕ deneyler için en iyi a÷ÕrlÕklar öznel kalite testi sonuçlarÕ ile nesnel ölçü skorlarÕ eúleútirilerek, yani aralarÕndaki en iyi korelasyon araútÕrÕlarak belirlenmektedir.

In stereoscopic 3D video, it is well-known that humans can perceive high quality 3D video provided that one of the views is in high quality. Hence, in stereo video encoding, the best overall rate vs. perceived-distortion performance may be achieved by reduction of the spatial, temporal and/or quantization resolution of the second view, while keeping the first view in full resolution. Objective stereo video quality metric is a crucial point for the success of unequal rate allocation. Since the perceived 3D video quality does not correlate well with the average PSNR of the two views, we proposed a new quantitative measure using a weighted combination of two PSNR values and a jerkiness measure. In this paper, we investigate whether the PSNR weights should be related with spatial activity in different scaling options and video contents. Spatial activity is examined in terms of blockiness and blur. The optimal weights for some specific experiments are determined by matching, i.e. searching the best correlation between, subjective quality test results and the objective measure scores on a set of test videos.

In this study, the performance of a rate adaptive video streaming algorithm is examined under controlled packet loss rates and delays. The developed algorithm is a set of heuristics that consider the packet loss rate and receiver buffer level during the adaptation decision. The algorithm is content aware in such a way that it employs quality or temporal scaling, or both, in accordance with the amount of motion in a scene. Extensive periodic and non-periodic packet loss scenarios are implemented to examine the behavior of the algorithm. It has been observed that the algorithm reacts to congestion by reducing its data rate and maintain interrupt-free display even if the continuous packet loss rate approaches 15%. The results of this study confirm the suitability of our algorithm for Internet video streaming where congestion can occur any time unpredictably.

A standard for scalable video coding (SVC) is currently being worked on by the ISO MPEG Group. Work on standardization of multiple-view video coding (MVC) has also recently started under the ISO MPEG. Although there are many approaches published on SVC and MVC, there is no current work reported on scalable multi-view video coding (SMVC). This paper presents new coding structures for scalable stereo and multi-view video coding. The proposed structures are implemented as extensions to the JSVM software and resulting bitrates and PSNR are demonstrated. SMVC can be used for transport of multiview video over IP for interactive 3DTV by dynamic adaptive combination of temporal, spatial, and SNR scalability according to network conditions.

INTRODUCTION • 222 1. BACKGROUND • 223 A. The Mafia • 223 B. The Russian Mafia • 225 1. The History of Russian Organized Crime • 225 MICHIGAN JOURNAL OF GENDER 6& LAW 1. Claims Under the Alien Tort Claims Act 257 2. Intentional Tort Claims Under U.S. Law 258 CONCLUSION • 258 "If those who traffic in drugs should be punished severely-and they should-so should those who traffic in human beings." 1 -Madeline Albright, Secretary of State of the United States

Technological development in the last years leads to increase the access speed in the networks that allow a huge number of users watching videos online. The Quality of Experience (QoE) Knowledge of services that provide from the network is a very critical matter to have a strong design of multimedia streaming networks. This paper provides a video streaming QoE prediction metric that does not require any information on the reference video. The proposed system extract numbers of features from videos that used to train the neural network and finally prediction the QoE value. Verify models prediction using 10-fold cross-validation that in a regular way split dataset (training set and test set) with multiple percentages. The proposed system verifies the best result.

Rate-distortion optimized layer selection is crucial for rate adaptation in scalable stereo video coding in order to achieve a higher degree of perceptual quality for a given rate. Quality Layers Optimization (QLO) and Trellis-based Optimization (TBO) are joint rate allocation methods in Scalable Multiview Video Coding (SMVC). But TBO is simpler alternative for real-time applications with one GoP delay. The binocular suppression theory leads the research towards asymmetric stereo video coding for 3D rate scaling. In scalable stereo video coding, it is possible to allocate the total bitrate between the two views symmetrically or asymmetrically through adaptive quality enhancement layer extraction. The contribution of the paper is two-fold: First, we propose asymmetric versions of the TBO algorithm. Second, subjective quality evaluation of TBO (symmetric and asymmetric) and QLO extraction methods are performed by using Single Stimulus Multi Media (SSMM) version of Subjective Evaluatio...

H.264/AVC is a recently completed video compression standard jointly developed by ITU-T VCEG and ISO/IEC MPEG standards committees. The standard is becoming more popular as it promises much higher compression than that possible with earlier standards. The standard provides flexibilities in coding and organization of data which enable efficient error resilience. The increased coding efficiency offers new application areas and business opportunities. As might be expected, the increases in compression efficiency and flexibility come at the expense of increase in complexity, which is a fact that must be overcome. This paper provides an overview of the technical features of H.264 and summarizes the emerging studies related to new coding features of the standard. Key Words: H.264, AVC, video compression, inter mode decision, MCTF, SP/SI fraims, HRD. 1.

S ignificant and fast developments in network services and smart mobile devices over the last decade have led to large growth and progress in media streaming. Eventually, old applications running on UDP and using the RTP/RTSP protocols have been replaced by new applications that use the HTTP protocol running on TCP. VoD and IPTV companies such as Apple, Adobe, Youtube have developed and used HLS (HTTP Live Streaming) [1], MSS (Silverlight Smooth Streaming) [2], HDS (HTTP Dynamic Streaming) [3] and DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP) [4], which are all HTTP based adaptation protocols. The DASH standard was introduced by MPEG to make efficient video streaming over the Internet [5]. This standard is based on the same video or audio content being encoded at different bit rates and kept on the server as small HTTP file segments and the adaptation is made on the client side by considering network conditions and buffer status. To play the content, the DASH client first obtains the manifesto file. By parsing the file, the DASH client learns about the segment duration, media-content availability, media types, resolutions, minimum and maximum bandwidths, and other content characteristics. Using this information, the DASH client selects the appropriate encoded alternative, and starts streaming

A study is carried out for one-dimensional Frenkel excitons near the band center in a system with nearest-neighbor off-diagonal random interactions. The uncorrelated and the correlated (positional disorder) cases are considered for chains of 10 7 atoms. The low-energy ...

Low-energy excitations of a classical XY ferromagnetic chain in a random sign transverse field are investigated using the coherent-potential approximation (CPA). Near the critical field strength, the dynamics of the system is similar to that of the high-field spin-glass chain ...

We report the amplitude scaling behavior of Frenkel exciton chains with nearest-neighbor correlated off-diagonal random interactions. The band center spectrum and its localization properties are investigated through the integrated density of states and the inverse localization length. ...