Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein
Instituto do Cérebro
Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o processo de reabilitação neuropsicológica de um paciente desde o período agudo pós-trauma até dois anos pós-lesão, a fim de evidenciar as diferenças das intervenções propostas para cada fase do... more
Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o processo de reabilitação neuropsicológica de um paciente desde o período agudo pós-trauma até dois anos pós-lesão, a fim de evidenciar as diferenças das intervenções propostas para cada fase do tratamento. Por meio de um relato de caso, são descritos os procedimentos de reabilitação neuropsicológica de um paciente que sofreu um Traumatismo Crânio-Encefálico e evoluiu com alterações cognitivas e de comportamento que acarretaram impacto significativo em sua autonomia. Na fase aguda, as intervenções priorizaram a monitoração comportamental do paciente, para orientação da família e equipe. Posteriormente, os objetivos se voltaram para as dificuldades apresentadas na vida diária e na reintegração psicossocial.
RESUMO -A depressão maior e a subsindrômica são altamente prevalentes na esclerose múltipla (EM).A avaliação do funcionamento psicossocial requer instrumentos psicométricos validados. As medidas de auto-relato oferecem várias vantagens,... more
RESUMO -A depressão maior e a subsindrômica são altamente prevalentes na esclerose múltipla (EM).A avaliação do funcionamento psicossocial requer instrumentos psicométricos validados. As medidas de auto-relato oferecem várias vantagens, mas não existe um questionário preciso e válido para diagnosticar os sintomas depressivos na EM. O Inventário de Depressão de Beck (IDB) e o Questionário de Saúde Geral (QSG) foram validados e são amplamente usados no contexto neuropsicológico brasileiro. No IDB sintomas de EM podem ser interpretados como sintomas de depressão. Nós examinamos as propriedades psicométricas do IDB, QSG e dois questionários de auto-relato para fadiga (CPF-MS) e auto-eficácia (MSSE) na EM.Todas as escalas apresentaram exceletentes coeficientes de consistência interna.O IDB e o QSG discriminaram a amostra de EM de um grupo controle. Intercorrelações significativas foram observadas entre os escores nas diversas escalas de auto-relato, mas não entre estas e indicadores tradicionais de déficit neurológico (IA e EDSS). Os sintomas depressivos e a fadiga podem representar uma dimensão de comprometimento neurológica distinta dos déficits físicos e sensoriais. Questionários de auto-relato podem ser úteis no diagnóstico de depressão e sofrimento psíquico, mesmo quando estes não atingem níveis sindrômicos compatíveis com um diagnóstico categorial.
Circuitos ligados aos lobos pré-frontais participam em uma série de funções executivas, dentre elas a organização serial do comportamento. A memória para ordem temporal é um destes aspectos e foi investigada neste estudo por meio de um... more
Circuitos ligados aos lobos pré-frontais participam em uma série de funções executivas, dentre elas a organização serial do comportamento. A memória para ordem temporal é um destes aspectos e foi investigada neste estudo por meio de um teste de discriminação de listas. Na fase de apresentação, duas listas com dez estímulos cada (dez palavras concretas ou dez desenhos de objetos) foram apresentadas antes e depois de uma tarefa distratora. Na fase de teste foi apresentada uma lista com 20 pares de estímulos, dos quais um era novo e o outro já aparecera previamente. Os participantes precisavam reconhecer os estímulos previamente apresentados, alocando-os a cada uma das listas (julgamento de ordem temporal). Nós relatamos estudos clínicos iniciais, indicando que o procedimento pode ser útil na discriminação de adultos jovens, idosos e pacientes com patologia frontal, esclerose múltipla e pacientes psiquiátricos. Todos os grupos de pacientes, bem como o grupo de idosos, mostram uma dissociação de desempenho, exibindo reconhecimento normal e déficits nos julgamentos de ordem temporal.
- by G Wood and +1
- •
Increased blood pressure has been associated with night work; however, this trend has not been extensively explored in residents. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) data from... more
Increased blood pressure has been associated with night work; however, this trend has not been extensively explored in residents. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) data from first-year internal medicine residents over 24h periods that included a 12h night duty shift in the emergency room and another workday not involving night duty. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed involving 38 residents with a mean age of 25.4 years. The ABPM was carried out using an oscillometric method (Spacelbs TM monitor) over 24h, and data was collected from each resident during a night call shift (Stage1) and during an off-duty night (Stage2).
Background: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) belongs to a heterogeneous group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions involving the temporomandibular joint complex, musculature and adjacent components. These conditions can... more
Background: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) belongs to a heterogeneous group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions involving the temporomandibular joint complex, musculature and adjacent components. These conditions can generate signs and symptoms and be influenced by an altered biopsychosocial condition. Objective: This study aims to seek information to assist the patient in the presence of TMD signs and symptoms and Orofacial Pain, associated with the period of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: For the preparation of this manual, a bibliographic search was performed in the databases PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), BBO (BVS), Scopus, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library, using the keywords: orofacial pain, temporomandibular disorders, bruxism, stress, anxiety, biopsychosocial, diagnosis, self-care with important information on how to reduce and control the signs and symptoms of TMD and Orofac...
- by Rafael Bonato
- •
Significance: Dystonia is a dynamic and complex disorder. Real-time analysis of brain activity during motor tasks may increase our knowledge on its pathophysiology. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive method... more
Significance: Dystonia is a dynamic and complex disorder. Real-time analysis of brain activity during motor tasks may increase our knowledge on its pathophysiology. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive method that enables the measurement of cortical hemo-dynamic activity in unconstrained environments. Aim: We aimed to explore the feasibility of using fNIRS for the study of task-related brain activity in dystonia. Task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and resting-state functional connectivity were also analyzed. Approach: Patients with idiopathic right-upper limb dystonia and controls were assessed through nonsimultaneous fMRI and fNIRS during a finger-tapping task. Seed-based connectiv-ity analysis of resting-state fMRI was performed in both groups. Results: The fMRI results suggest nonspecific activation of the cerebellum and occipital lobe in dystonia patients during the finger-tapping task with the affected hand. Moreover, fNIRS data show lower activation in terms of oxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin in the frontal, ipsilateral cortex, and somatosensory areas during this task. In dystonia, both fMRI and fNIRS data resulted in hypoactivation of the frontal cortex during finger tapping with both hands simultaneously. Resting-state functional connectivity analysis suggests that the cerebellar somatomotor network in dystonia has an increased correlation with the medial prefrontal cortex and the paracingulate gyrus. Conclusions: These data suggest that unbalanced activation of the cerebellum, somatosensory, and frontal cortical areas are associated with dystonia. To our knowledge, this is the first study using fNIRS to explore the pathophysiology of dystonia. We show that fNIRS and fMRI are complementary methods and highlight the potential of fNIRS for the study of dystonia and other movement disorders as it can overcome movement restrictions, enabling experiments in more naturalistic conditions.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the cortical activity in focal right upper limb dystonia patients using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during writing. Background: Techniques such as fMRI and PET impose important... more
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the cortical activity in focal right upper limb dystonia patients using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during writing.
Background: Techniques such as fMRI and PET impose important physical constraints. Latter advances in functional near infrared spectroscopy offer a new possibility for investigating cortical areas and the neural correlates of complex motor behaviors non‐invasively under naturalistic experimentation.
Methods: Twenty‐one patients with right upper limb idiopathic dystonia (6 with task‐specific dystonia) and twenty‐one healthy volunteers matched for age and years of education were submitted to a simple right‐hand writing task paradigm that consisted of 4 epochs of alternating writing/resting blocks. To test a priori hypotheses that brain activation to simple handwriting in cortical sensorimotor and supplementary motor regions would be less specific in patients than in controls, we defined right and left primary motor (M1) and somatosensory (S1) and supplementary motor area (SMA) ROIs. Differences between groups on changes in both deoxy and oxy‐Hemoglobin (HbO2) and for each ROI were then compared using Mann Whitney tests.
Results: Channels exhibiting increased HbO2 for the writing task compared to the resting condition in the patient and control groups are described in Fig. 1. In controls, a lateralization predominantly to the left side was observed in most of the central channels covering the primary motor and somatosensory cortices. A more bilateral pattern of activation was observed in patients. However, in a direct channel‐wise comparison between groups, no significant differences were observed in any channel. In the ROI‐based group analysis, between‐group differences were observed in two of the five ROIs: left M1 (p = 0.022) and S1 (p = 0.022) exhibited increased HbO2 in patients in relation to controls.
Conclusions: Overactivity findings on M1 as S1 are in agreement with previous studies of the writing task in non‐ecological conditions1,2,3, reinforcing the role of these areas in dystonia. As symptoms in dystonia are very specific to the task, we believe the pattern of brain activation is as much as specific, therefore the importance of an experimental set that mimics real life conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first study to measure cortical activity during ecological writing (subjects sited in anatomical position, in less noisy environment, using traditional paper and pen) in focal upper limb dystonia patients, outlining the potential of fNIRS for the study of the movement disorders in unconstrained environments.
Background: Techniques such as fMRI and PET impose important physical constraints. Latter advances in functional near infrared spectroscopy offer a new possibility for investigating cortical areas and the neural correlates of complex motor behaviors non‐invasively under naturalistic experimentation.
Methods: Twenty‐one patients with right upper limb idiopathic dystonia (6 with task‐specific dystonia) and twenty‐one healthy volunteers matched for age and years of education were submitted to a simple right‐hand writing task paradigm that consisted of 4 epochs of alternating writing/resting blocks. To test a priori hypotheses that brain activation to simple handwriting in cortical sensorimotor and supplementary motor regions would be less specific in patients than in controls, we defined right and left primary motor (M1) and somatosensory (S1) and supplementary motor area (SMA) ROIs. Differences between groups on changes in both deoxy and oxy‐Hemoglobin (HbO2) and for each ROI were then compared using Mann Whitney tests.
Results: Channels exhibiting increased HbO2 for the writing task compared to the resting condition in the patient and control groups are described in Fig. 1. In controls, a lateralization predominantly to the left side was observed in most of the central channels covering the primary motor and somatosensory cortices. A more bilateral pattern of activation was observed in patients. However, in a direct channel‐wise comparison between groups, no significant differences were observed in any channel. In the ROI‐based group analysis, between‐group differences were observed in two of the five ROIs: left M1 (p = 0.022) and S1 (p = 0.022) exhibited increased HbO2 in patients in relation to controls.
Conclusions: Overactivity findings on M1 as S1 are in agreement with previous studies of the writing task in non‐ecological conditions1,2,3, reinforcing the role of these areas in dystonia. As symptoms in dystonia are very specific to the task, we believe the pattern of brain activation is as much as specific, therefore the importance of an experimental set that mimics real life conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first study to measure cortical activity during ecological writing (subjects sited in anatomical position, in less noisy environment, using traditional paper and pen) in focal upper limb dystonia patients, outlining the potential of fNIRS for the study of the movement disorders in unconstrained environments.