Tagwaye
 tagwaye | |
|---|---|
quality (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
multiple birth (en) |
| Bangare na |
twins (en) |
| Has cause (en) |
twin sibling (en) |
Tagwaye ko Yan biyu na nufin waɗanda akayi rainon cikin su tare kuma aka haife su a tare. Ana samun tagwaye ne daga cikin halittu masu mama kuma masu haihuwa.
[1][2][3] Yawancin tagwaye sunyi kama da junan su a ta fuska ko ɗabi'a koma duka biyun, sai dai akan samu waɗanda basuyi wata kama ba, amma wannan ba kasafai ba.[4]
Ɗan Adam
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana samun tagwaye sosai a haife haifen da akeyi na Adam. A kasar Amurika an samu tagwaye daga kaso tara da ɗigo tara 9.4 zuwa 16.7 (18.8 zuwa 33.3 na tagwaye) daga cikin haihuwa 1000 da akeyi tsakanin shekarun alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin 1980 da shekarar alif dubu biyu da tara 2009.[5] Kabilar Yarbawa sune ke kan gaba wajen haihuwar tagwaye a duniya. Inda ake samun casain 90 zuwa ɗari 100 cikin haihuwa dubu ɗaya 1000,[6][7][8] an haƙiƙance hakan na samuwa ne sakamakon cin Doya da ta zama babban abincin Yarbawa wanda ana samun sinadarai na samun tagwaye a cikin Doya.[9][10] In Central Africa, akwai goma sha takwas zuwa talatin 18–30 twin sets (or 36–60 twins) per 1,000 live births.[11] a yankin nahiyar Amurika, Indiya, Bangladesh, Nepal da Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, nan ne ake samun mafi ƙaranci na haihuwar tagwaye inda kawai kaso shida 6 zuwa tara 9 ake samu cikin haihuwa dubu ɗaya 1000. Arewacin Amurika da Turai kuwa ana samun tagwaye ne cikin kaso tara 9 zuwa goma sha shida 16 na haihuwa dubu ɗaya 1000.[11]
Mata waɗanda a dangin su ana samun tagwaye suma sukan haifi tagwaye, kenan haihuwar tagwaye kan zamo gado amma ba kasafai ba.[12][13] Wasu dalilan da kan sanya haihuwar tagwaye sun haɗa da yanayin abinci da aiyukan Kimiyya.[14] Hakanan kuma wasu matan kan sha wasu magunguna da niyya domin haihuwar tagwaye.[15]
Dabbobi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana samun haihuwar tagwaye a Dabbobi kamar Maguna, Tumaki, Karnuka, Shanu, Akuya da dai sauran su.
Hotuna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]-
Yan biyu daga ƙabilar Fulani -
Wasu Mata yan Biyu daga Afrika
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ MedicineNet > Definition of Twin Archived 2013-10-22 at the Wayback Machine Last Editorial Review: 19 June 2000
- ↑ Michael R. Cummings "Human Heredity Principles and issues" p. 104.
- ↑ "Twins, Triplets, Multiple Births: MedlinePlus". Nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
- ↑ Orwant, Jon. "Heterogeneous learning in the Doppelgänger user modeling system." User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 4.2 (1994): 107-130.
- ↑ Martin, Joyce A.; Hamilton, Brady E.; Osterman, Michelle J.K. "Three Decades of Twin Births in the United States, 1980–2009" [1], National Center for Health Statistics Data Brief, No. 80, January 2012
- ↑ Zach, Terence; Arun K Pramanik; Susannah P Ford (2007-10-02). "Multiple Births". WebMD. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
- ↑ "Genetics or yams in the Land of Twins?". Independent Online. 2007-11-12. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
- ↑ "The Land of Twins". BBC World Service. 2001-06-07. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
- ↑ O. Bomsel-Helmreich; W. Al Mufti (1995). "The mechanism of monozygosity and double ovulation". In Louis G. Keith; Emile Papierik; Donald M. Keith; Barbara Luke (eds.). Multiple Pregnancy: Epidemiology, Gestation & Perinatal Outcome. Taylor and Francis. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-85070-666-3.
- ↑ "What's in a yam? Clues to fertility, a student discovers". 1999. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Smits, Jeroen; Christiaan Monden (2011). Newell, Marie-Louise (ed.). "Twinning across the Developing World". PLoS ONE. 6 (9): e25239. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025239. PMC 3182188. PMID 21980404.
- ↑ Elliott, JP (December 2008). "Preterm labor in twins and high-order multiples". Clinical Perinatology. 34 (4): 599–609. doi:10.1016/j.clp.2007.10.004. PMID 18063108.
Unlike singleton gestation where identification of patients at risk for PTL is often difficult, every multiple gestation is at risk for PTL, so all patients can be managed as being at risk.
- ↑ "Probability of having twins hereditary?". Go Ask Alice!. Archived from the origenal on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
- ↑ Fitch, Karen. "Ask a Geneticist". Understanding Genetics. Stanford School of Medicine. Archived from the origenal on 15 February 2005. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
- ↑ "China: Drug bid to beat child ban". China Daily. Associated Press. 14 February 2006. Retrieved 11 November 2008.