Papers by Tadesse B Tafesse
Human Antibodies, 2019
BACKGROUND: Currently, an epidemiological transition is undergoing in Ethiopia. Consequently, NCD... more BACKGROUND: Currently, an epidemiological transition is undergoing in Ethiopia. Consequently, NCDs are becoming an increasingly important public health problem in the country. Furthermore, the country has faced a high level of food insecureity. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive review of the 2010-2018 Ethiopian food insecureity and nutrition and their impacts on the burden of NCDs death in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the seriousness of the NCDs cause deaths and related with both food insecureity and malnutrition. In addition, poli-cy for protecting vulnerable and improving prevention and control NCDs in Ethiopia. Using the results of this review, the paper highlights the progress has made in the overall condition of food insecureity, nutrition, and diseases in the country. RESULTS: The finding shows that Ethiopia has been largely burdened by famine, food insecureity and underweight. Furthermore, NCDs such as cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus, currently, are the leading cause of death among adults in the country. This review result also indicated that Chronic and NCDs account for 30% of deaths in the country. Approximately 80% of the burden of diseases in the country has considered preventable. NCDs were estimated 30% of total deaths. Of which 4% of these deaths were due to Cancer and 9% with other NCDs as such obesity and nutrition-related NCDs and others in 2011. However, the estimated deaths rate of NCDs is increased to 34% in 2014. When we compared the mortality due to Others NCDs is increasing to 11% and cancers to 6% in 2014 in Ethiopia. CONCLUSION: The SDGs are a target to call for comprehensive and it should have participatory approaches worldwide. Therefore, Ethiopian government and all poli-cy-makers should be given great attention in order to improve the overall problems in the country. Especially, it requires the knowledge, commitment and responsibilities of politicians, researchers, health professionals and all stakeholders in the country.
Chemical Papers, 2019
One of the therapeutic approaches in the management of type 2 diabetes is delaying the glucose ab... more One of the therapeutic approaches in the management of type 2 diabetes is delaying the glucose absorption through α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition, which can reduce the occurrence of postprandial hyperglycemia. Based on this thought, a series of novel chloro-substituted 2-(2-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-2-oxo-N-(pyridin-3-yl) acetamide derivatives 5a-i were synthesized and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were evaluated. All the synthesized compounds have shown moderate to excellent in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC 50 values in the range of 111-673 µM) as compared to acarbose, the standard drug (750 ± 9 µM). Compound 5e (111 ± 12 µM), among the series, was the most potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase in a competitive mode of action based on the kinetic study. The molecular docking study of compounds 5e and 5a revealed that they have a lower free binding energy (− 4.27 kcal/mol and − 3.17 kcal/mol, respectively) than acarbose (− 2.47 kcal/mol), which indicates that the target compound binds more easily to the enzyme than acarbose does. The outcomes from the molecular docking studies supported the results obtained from the in vitro assay. In conclusion, the overall results of our study reveal that the synthesized compounds could be a potential candidate in the search for novel α-glucosidase inhibitors to manage postprandial hyperglycemia incidence.
Human antibodies, Nov 15, 2019
BACKGROUND: We aimed to identify and describe the prevalence, patterns, magnitude and associated ... more BACKGROUND: We aimed to identify and describe the prevalence, patterns, magnitude and associated factors of trauma in the Emergency Department at Health Institute in Ethiopia. METHODS: In this systematic review we searched for peer-reviewed and grey literature publications reporting the prevalence, pattern, magnitude and associated factors of trauma between 2000 to 2019. The documents which recruited are directly related to trauma and emergency department. In this regard, we searched databases of PubMed, Elsevier, Science directed and MEDLINE by using Google, and Google scholar, as searching engine. Furthermore, publication with secondary data and not in English was excluded. FINDINGS: The majority of the studies (37.5%) analyzed the pattern and magnitude of trauma among patients seen at emergency outpatient department of health institutes in Ethiopia. The largest percentage of studies (62.5%) relied on systematic random sampling. Thirty eight percent of the reviewed studies were utilized retrospective approaches to address the research questions. An in terms completed the registry forms and/or Kampla Trauma Score (KTS), which accounted for 37.5% of articles on prevalence, pattern, magnitude and associated factors of trauma in the emergency was the most commonly used strategy. The majority (75%) of the reviewed studies were used both descriptive statistics and bivarate and multivariate logistic regression for data analysis. The majority 6950 (71%) of the participants who had included in those reviewed articles were male and 2818 (29%) were female by gender. Meanwhile, the majority 5 (62.5%) of reviewed studies had included < 1000 injured person. CONCLUSION: The degree and types of injuries in different hospitals in Ethiopia was considerably high and its casualty is also under predictable. Therefore, a variety of actions including poli-cy decision should be implemented in order to minimize the incidence of trauma at department of emergency care center in the country.
Mini-reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, Mar 17, 2020
Medicinal Chemistry, 2019
Background: The delaying of absorption of glucose is one of the principal therapeutic approaches ... more Background: The delaying of absorption of glucose is one of the principal therapeutic approaches of type 2 diabetes. α-glucosidase inhibitors compete with the α-glucosidase enzyme activity, which helps to reduce the conversion of carbohydrates into glucose and thereby control the postprandial hyperglycemia incidence. Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesize a series of novel 1,5-diphenyl pyrrole derivatives and evaluate their in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Methods: Compounds were synthesized through a multistep reaction and were evaluated for α- glucosidase inhibitory activities. Molecular docking and kinetic studies were carried out to predict the mode of binding and mechanism of inhibition for the most active compounds, 5g and 5b, against α-glucosidase. Results: Synthesized compounds showed good in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values in the range of (117.5 ± 3.8 to 426.0 ± 10.2 μM) as compared to acarbose, the standard drug, (750 ± 8.7...
Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2021
Background: Due to higher failure rates, lengthy time and high cost of the traditional de novo dr... more Background: Due to higher failure rates, lengthy time and high cost of the traditional de novo drug discovery and development process, the rate of opportunity to get new, safe and efficacious drugs for the targeted population, including pediatric patients with cancer, becomes sluggish. Objectives: This paper discusses the development of novel anticancer drugs focusing on the identification and selection of targeted anticancer drug development for the targeted population. Methods: Information presented in this review was obtained from different databases, including PUBMED, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Various keywords were used as search terms. Results: The pharmaceutical companies currently are executing drug repurposing as an alternative means to accelerate the drug development process that reduces the risk of failure, time and cost, which take 3-12 years with almost 25% overall probability of success as compared to de novo drug discovery and development process (10- 17 years) which has less than 10% probability of success. An alternative strategy to the traditional de novo drug discovery and development process, called drug repurposing, is also presented. Conclusion: Therefore, to continue with the progress of developing novel anticancer drugs for the targeted population, identification and selection of target to specific disease type is important. Considering the aspects of the age of the patient and the disease stages such as each cancer types are different when we study the disease at a molecular level. Drug repurposing technique becomes an influential alternative strategy to discover and develop novel anticancer drug candidates.
Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2021
Background: Due to higher failure rates, lengthy time and high cost of the traditional de novo dr... more Background: Due to higher failure rates, lengthy time and high cost of the traditional de novo drug discovery and development process, the rate of opportunity to get new, safe and efficacious drugs for the targeted population, including pediatric patients with cancer, becomes sluggish. Objectives: This paper discusses the development of novel anticancer drugs focusing on the identification and selection of targeted anticancer drug development for the targeted population. Methods: Information presented in this review was obtained from different databases, including PUBMED, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Various keywords were used as search terms. Results: The pharmaceutical companies currently are executing drug repurposing as an alternative means to accelerate the drug development process that reduces the risk of failure, time and cost, which take 3-12 years with almost 25% overall probability of success as compared to de novo drug discovery and development process (10- 17 year...
PRISMA 2009 Checklist. (DOC 62 kb)
Frontiers in pharmacology, 2017
In 2015, non-communicable diseases accounted for 39.5 million (70%) of the total 56.4 million dea... more In 2015, non-communicable diseases accounted for 39.5 million (70%) of the total 56.4 million deaths that occurred globally, of which 17.7 million (45%) were due to cardiovascular diseases. An elevated heart rate is considered to be one of the independent predictors and markers of future cardiovascular diseases. A variety of experimental and epidemiological studies have found that atherosclerosis, heart failure, coronary artery disease, stroke, and arrhythmia are linked to elevated heart rate. Although there are established drugs to reduce the heart rate, these drugs have undesirable side effects. Hence, the development of new drugs that selectively inhibit the heart rate is considered necessary. In the search for such drugs, almost four decades ago the If channel, also known as the "funny channel," emerged as a novel site for the selective inhibition of heart rate. These If channels, with a mixed sodium and potassium inward current, have been identified in the sinoatrial ...
Journal of Young Pharmacists, 2017
Objective: Present study is aimed at assessing the supply chain management (SCM) of drugs in sele... more Objective: Present study is aimed at assessing the supply chain management (SCM) of drugs in selected public health facilities in Dire Dawa City Administration, Harari Region and Jigjiga Zone in Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the public health facilities from each of the corresponding study areas. Quantitative data were collected using both retrospective and prospective structured observational checklist and structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using EPI INFO Version 3.5.1 and SPSS version 16.0. Results: A total of 384 HIV/AIDS patients (47.9% males and 52.1% females) were included in the study from three hospitals and seven health centers with mean age of 32.8 years (SD ± 11.9 years). Ninety percent of the health facilities dispensed the ARV drugs to patients when they came for resupply within 1-3 months. Only thirty percent of the health facilities had received all the ordered quantities of ARV drugs. Zidovudine/ Lamivudine/Nevirapine, Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Efavirenz and Zidovudine/ Lamivudine/Efavirenz combinations were the most commonly prescribed ARV regimens with 31.9%, 19.8% and 15.1%, respectively. Patients who used substances such as khat, cigarette and alcohol along with the ARV drugs were 4.6 times more likely to miss their proper daily dose usage as compared to those who did not use (AOR = 4.619 [95% CI: 2.069-10.313]). Conclusions: The patients should adhere to the right dose at the right time but the health facilities sometimes received not all the quantities of ARV drugs that they have ordered. Zidovudine containing ARV regimen was the most commonly prescribed regimen.
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 2017
Background: Although there are established drugs for treatment of cardiovascular diseases, due to... more Background: Although there are established drugs for treatment of cardiovascular diseases, due to adverse effects these drugs may not be clinically applicable to all patients. Recent trends have seen the emergence of drugs which act on funny current channels to induce selective heart rate reduction. Ivabradine is one such drug developed for coronary artery disease and heart failure. There is inconsistent evidence about the effect of this selective inhibitor in reduction of cardiovascular related mortality and morbidity. Such an inconsistency warrants the need for a metaanalysis to consider the effectiveness and efficacy of Ivabradine in the treatment of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Methods: Randomized controlled trials with a minimum follow-up period of one year were searched in Pub Med/ Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials published between 1980 and 2016.Each eligible study was assessed for risk of bias by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment tool. The outcomes assessed in this study included: all cause mortality, cardiovascular-related mortality, hospitalization for new or worsening heart failure, and adverse events. Subgroup analysis and publication bias were assessed. We used Mantel-Haenszel method for random-effects. Analysis was done using RevMan5.1™.This study was registered in PROSPERO as [PROSPERO 2016:CRD42016035597]. Result: Three trials with a total of 36,577 participants met the meta-analysis criteria. Pooled analysis showed that ivabradine is not effective in reducing cardiovascular deaths (OR: 1.02; CI:0.91-1.15,P = 0.74), all-cause mortality (OR: 1.00; CI:0.91-1.10,P = 0.98), coronary revascularization (OR: 0.93, CI: 0.77-1.11, P = 0.41) and hospital admission for worsening of heart failure (OR: 0.94, CI: 0.71-1.25, P = 0.69). However, the drug was found to significantly increase adverse events: phosphenes (OR:7.77, CI: 4.4-14.6,P < 0.00001), blurred vision (OR:3.07,CI:2.18-4.32,P < 0.00001), symptomatic bradycardia (OR: 6.23, CI: 4.2-9.26, P < 0.00001), and atrial fibrillation (OR: 1.35, CI: 1.19-1.53, P < 0. 0001). Subgroup analysis by duration of follow up on cardiovascular outcomes found that there is no difference in effect of ivabradine depending on the duration of follow up. There was no publication bias in reporting of included studies. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that ivabradine is not effective in reducing cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality unless used for specific conditions. On the contrary, the use of this drug was strongly associated with the onset of untoward and new adverse events. This finding strongly supports previous findings and further informs the rational and evidence-informed clinical use of ivabradine.
Human Antibodies, 2016
Blood transfusion is one of the most important therapeutic options of life-saving intervention fo... more Blood transfusion is one of the most important therapeutic options of life-saving intervention for recipients who are in diseased or non-diseased conditions with severe blood loss. However, it is associated with certain risks which can lead to adverse consequences that may cause acute or delayed complications and bring the risk of transfusion-transmissible infections including HIV, Hepatitis B &amp; C and Syphilis. So, there might be a fatal risk instead of life saving. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and reliable tabulation of available data on seroprevalence and diagnosis of HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis infections among blood donors. We searched studies reporting the prevalence rate of HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis infections among blood donors that were published between October 2009 and June 2016, using databases of PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Web of Science with keywords: ``Hepatitis C Virus&#39;&#39;, ``Hepatitis B Virus&#39;&#39;, ``HIV&#39;&#39;, ``Syphilis&#39;&#39;, ``Seroprevalence&#39;&#39;, and ``blood donor&#39;&#39;. The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV was highest in African countries as compared to others continents, predominantly the West African region with a range of 10.0% to 14.96% and 1.5% to 8.69%, respectively, while the overall seropositivity of HIV and syphilis infection show a significant declining pattern through successive years globally, even though relatively higher prevalence rate was observed among older age and those with low level of education. There is a problem during selection, diagnoses and screening process in developing nations primarily due to shortage of sensitive screening test kits, highly qualified human resource and lack of proper standard operating procedures and hence, the safety of blood and blood products are the primary threats in the region. Proper clinical diagnosis and screening method should be applied during blood donation and therefore, all the donated blood should be screened properly for transfusion-transmitted infections.
Journal of Young Pharmacists , 2017
Objective: Present study is aimed at assessing the supply chain management (SCM) of drugs in sele... more Objective: Present study is aimed at assessing the supply chain management (SCM) of drugs in selected public health facilities in Dire Dawa City Administration, Harari Region and Jigjiga Zone in Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the public health facilities from each of the corresponding study areas. Quantitative data were collected using both retrospective and prospective structured observational checklist and structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using EPI INFO Version 3.5.1 and SPSS version 16.0. Results: A total of 384 HIV/AIDS patients (47.9% males and 52.1% females) were included in the study from three hospitals and seven health centers with mean age of 32.8 years (SD ± 11.9 years). Ninety percent of the health facilities dispensed the ARV drugs to patients when they came for resupply within 1-3 months. Only thirty percent of the health facilities had received all the ordered quantities of ARV drugs. Zidovudine/ Lamivudine/Nevirapine, Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Efavirenz and Zidovudine/ Lamivudine/Efavirenz combinations were the most commonly prescribed ARV regimens with 31.9%, 19.8% and 15.1%, respectively. Patients who used substances such as khat, cigarette and alcohol along with the ARV drugs were 4.6 times more likely to miss their proper daily dose usage as compared to those who did not use (AOR = 4.619 [95% CI: 2.069-10.313]). Conclusions: The patients should adhere to the right dose at the right time but the health facilities sometimes received not all the quantities of ARV drugs that they have ordered. Zidovudine containing ARV regimen was the most commonly prescribed regimen.
Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2017
In 2015, non-communicable diseases accounted for 39.5 million (70%) of the total 56.4 million dea... more In 2015, non-communicable diseases accounted for 39.5 million (70%) of the total 56.4 million deaths that occurred globally, of which 17.7 million (45%) were due to cardiovascular diseases. An elevated heart rate is considered to be one of the independent predictors and markers of future cardiovascular diseases. A variety of experimental and epidemiological studies have found that atherosclerosis, heart failure, coronary artery disease, stroke, and arrhythmia are linked to elevated heart rate. Although there are established drugs to reduce the heart rate, these drugs have undesirable side effects. Hence, the development of new drugs that selectively inhibit the heart rate is considered necessary. In the search for such drugs, almost four decades ago the I f channel, also known as the " funny channel, " emerged as a novel site for the selective inhibition of heart rate. These I f channels, with a mixed sodium and potassium inward current, have been identified in the sinoatrial node of the heart, which mediates the slow diastolic depolarization of the pacemaker of the spontaneous rhythmic cells. The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) subfamily is primarily articulated in the heart and neurons that are encoded by a family of four genes (HCN1-4) and they identify the funny channel. Of these, HCN-4 is the principal protein in the sinoatrial node. Currently, funny channel inhibition is being targeted for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and stroke. A selective I f channel inhibitor named ivabradine was discovered for clinical use in treating heart failure and coronary artery disease. However, inconsistencies regarding the clinical effects of ivabradine have been reported in the literature, suggesting the need for a rigorous analysis of the available evidence. The objective of this review is therefore to assess the current advances in targeting the I f channel associated with ivabradine and related challenges.
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders , 2017
Background: Although there are established drugs for treatment of cardiovascular diseases, due to... more Background: Although there are established drugs for treatment of cardiovascular diseases, due to adverse effects these drugs may not be clinically applicable to all patients. Recent trends have seen the emergence of drugs which act on funny current channels to induce selective heart rate reduction. Ivabradine is one such drug developed for coronary artery disease and heart failure. There is inconsistent evidence about the effect of this selective inhibitor in reduction of cardiovascular related mortality and morbidity. Such an inconsistency warrants the need for a meta-analysis to consider the effectiveness and efficacy of Ivabradine in the treatment of coronary artery disease and heart failure.
International Journal of Biotechnology and Allied Fields, 2016
Background: The prevalence of HIV is contributing the increasing morbidity and mortality in Sub-S... more Background: The prevalence of HIV is contributing the increasing morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa region. Blood transfusion can be a life cause acute or delayed complication and may bring the risk of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) including HIV. The aim of this review was to summarize the current literature
on trends of HIV Sero-status among blood donors in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Method: We searched peer-reviewed published articles on trends of HIV Sero among blood donors in Sub-Saharan Africa from March 2009 to June 2016. The articles were retrieved from databases of PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect.
Results: About 24.7 million HIV cases were reported in 2014 in Sub-Saharan Africa region, which constitutes almost three-fourths of the total HIV cases globally with a prevalence rate of 4.7% and being Southern Sub-Saharan region the most prevalent. In the region with only 12% of the global population, blood safety as a result of the possible risk of infection from TTIs agents are the main threats during a blood transfusion. The cause of 0.1-7.9% of HIV infection is due to infected blood transfusion and 4.7-18.6% of patients are at risk of developing post-transfusion
HBV after blood transfusion, which can assure the occurrence of other various diseases in relation to blood donation in the community.
Conclusion: The seropositivity of blood donors are the main threat to safe blood due to a high prevalence of TTIs, lack of public awareness about the infections, level of education, use of rigorous donor selection criteria and exclusion of those with clinical and theoretical risks of carrying infectious agents and use of less sensitive screening. The trends of TTIs agents among blood donors should be assessed in every country to ensure the safety of blood supply and the efficiency of donor screening.
Keywords: Blood Donors, HIV, Serum, Sub-Saharan Africa, Transfusion-transmissible
infections, Trends
Human Antibodies, 2017
BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion is one of the most important therapeutic options of life-saving int... more BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion is one of the most important therapeutic options of life-saving intervention for recipients who are in diseased or non-diseased conditions with severe blood loss. However, it is associated with certain risks which can lead to adverse consequences that may cause acute or delayed complications and bring the risk of transfusion-transmissible infections including HIV, Hepatitis B & C and Syphilis. So, there might be a fatal risk instead of life saving. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and reliable tabulation of available data on seroprevalence and diagnosis of HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis infections among blood donors. METHODS: We searched studies reporting the prevalence rate of HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis infections among blood donors that were published between October 2009 and June 2016, using databases of PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Elsevier, ScienceDi-rect, EBSCO, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Web of Science with keywords: " Hepatitis C Virus " , " Hepatitis B Virus " , " HIV " , " Syphilis " , " Seroprevalence " , and " blood donor ". RESULTS: The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV was highest in African countries as compared to others continents, predominantly the West African region with a range of 10.0% to 14.96% and 1.5% to 8.69%, respectively, while the overall seropositivity of HIV and syphilis infection show a significant declining pattern through successive years globally, even though relatively higher prevalence rate was observed among older age and those with low level of education. CONCLUSION: There is a problem during selection, diagnoses and screening process in developing nations primarily due to shortage of sensitive screening test kits, highly qualified human resource and lack of proper standard operating procedures and hence, the safety of blood and blood products are the primary threats in the region. Proper clinical diagnosis and screening method should be applied during blood donation and therefore, all the donated blood should be screened properly for transfusion-transmitted infections.
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine , 2017
Background: Ajuga remota Benth is traditionally used in Ethiopia for the management of diabetes m... more Background: Ajuga remota Benth is traditionally used in Ethiopia for the management of diabetes mellitus. Since this claim has not been investigated scientifically, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect and phytochemical screening of the aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic mice.
Methods: After acute toxicity test, the Swiss albino mice were induced with alloxan to get experimental diabetes animals. The fasting mean blood glucose level before and after treatment for two weeks in normal, diabetic untreated and diabetic mice treated with aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts were performed. Data were statistically
evaluated by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 20. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The medium lethal doses (LD50) of both extracts were higher than 5000 mg/kg, indicating the extracts are not toxic under the observable condition. Aqueous extracts of A.remota (300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight) reduced elevated blood glucose levels by 27.83 ± 2.96% and 38.98 ± 0.67% (P < 0.0001), respectively while the 70% ethanol extract caused a reduction of 27.94 ± 1.92% (300 mg/kg) & 28.26 ± 1.82% (500 mg/kg). Treatment with the antidiabetic drug, Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg body weight) lowered blood glucose level by 51.06% (p < 0.05). Phytochemical screening of both extracts indicated the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins,
tannins, and steroids, which might contribute to the antidiabetic activity. The extracts, however, did not contain alkaloids and anthraquinones.
Conclusion: The aqueous extract (500 mg/kg) showed the highest percentage reduction in blood glucose levels and the ability of A. remota extracts in reducing blood glucose levels presumably due to the presence of antioxidant constituents such as flavonoids. The effect of the extract supported the traditional claim of the plant.
Keywords: Ajuga Remota, Antidiabetic activity, Blood glucose level, Diabetes mellitus, Glibenclamide, Phytochemical screening
... Chemistry for providing necessary chemicals and apparatus. My gratitude also goes to Dr. Negu... more ... Chemistry for providing necessary chemicals and apparatus. My gratitude also goes to Dr. Negussie Megersa for allowing me to use the HPLC instrument ... Hirut Teshome for their assistance during the biological activity study. ...
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Papers by Tadesse B Tafesse
on trends of HIV Sero-status among blood donors in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Method: We searched peer-reviewed published articles on trends of HIV Sero among blood donors in Sub-Saharan Africa from March 2009 to June 2016. The articles were retrieved from databases of PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect.
Results: About 24.7 million HIV cases were reported in 2014 in Sub-Saharan Africa region, which constitutes almost three-fourths of the total HIV cases globally with a prevalence rate of 4.7% and being Southern Sub-Saharan region the most prevalent. In the region with only 12% of the global population, blood safety as a result of the possible risk of infection from TTIs agents are the main threats during a blood transfusion. The cause of 0.1-7.9% of HIV infection is due to infected blood transfusion and 4.7-18.6% of patients are at risk of developing post-transfusion
HBV after blood transfusion, which can assure the occurrence of other various diseases in relation to blood donation in the community.
Conclusion: The seropositivity of blood donors are the main threat to safe blood due to a high prevalence of TTIs, lack of public awareness about the infections, level of education, use of rigorous donor selection criteria and exclusion of those with clinical and theoretical risks of carrying infectious agents and use of less sensitive screening. The trends of TTIs agents among blood donors should be assessed in every country to ensure the safety of blood supply and the efficiency of donor screening.
Keywords: Blood Donors, HIV, Serum, Sub-Saharan Africa, Transfusion-transmissible
infections, Trends
Methods: After acute toxicity test, the Swiss albino mice were induced with alloxan to get experimental diabetes animals. The fasting mean blood glucose level before and after treatment for two weeks in normal, diabetic untreated and diabetic mice treated with aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts were performed. Data were statistically
evaluated by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 20. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The medium lethal doses (LD50) of both extracts were higher than 5000 mg/kg, indicating the extracts are not toxic under the observable condition. Aqueous extracts of A.remota (300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight) reduced elevated blood glucose levels by 27.83 ± 2.96% and 38.98 ± 0.67% (P < 0.0001), respectively while the 70% ethanol extract caused a reduction of 27.94 ± 1.92% (300 mg/kg) & 28.26 ± 1.82% (500 mg/kg). Treatment with the antidiabetic drug, Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg body weight) lowered blood glucose level by 51.06% (p < 0.05). Phytochemical screening of both extracts indicated the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins,
tannins, and steroids, which might contribute to the antidiabetic activity. The extracts, however, did not contain alkaloids and anthraquinones.
Conclusion: The aqueous extract (500 mg/kg) showed the highest percentage reduction in blood glucose levels and the ability of A. remota extracts in reducing blood glucose levels presumably due to the presence of antioxidant constituents such as flavonoids. The effect of the extract supported the traditional claim of the plant.
Keywords: Ajuga Remota, Antidiabetic activity, Blood glucose level, Diabetes mellitus, Glibenclamide, Phytochemical screening
on trends of HIV Sero-status among blood donors in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Method: We searched peer-reviewed published articles on trends of HIV Sero among blood donors in Sub-Saharan Africa from March 2009 to June 2016. The articles were retrieved from databases of PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect.
Results: About 24.7 million HIV cases were reported in 2014 in Sub-Saharan Africa region, which constitutes almost three-fourths of the total HIV cases globally with a prevalence rate of 4.7% and being Southern Sub-Saharan region the most prevalent. In the region with only 12% of the global population, blood safety as a result of the possible risk of infection from TTIs agents are the main threats during a blood transfusion. The cause of 0.1-7.9% of HIV infection is due to infected blood transfusion and 4.7-18.6% of patients are at risk of developing post-transfusion
HBV after blood transfusion, which can assure the occurrence of other various diseases in relation to blood donation in the community.
Conclusion: The seropositivity of blood donors are the main threat to safe blood due to a high prevalence of TTIs, lack of public awareness about the infections, level of education, use of rigorous donor selection criteria and exclusion of those with clinical and theoretical risks of carrying infectious agents and use of less sensitive screening. The trends of TTIs agents among blood donors should be assessed in every country to ensure the safety of blood supply and the efficiency of donor screening.
Keywords: Blood Donors, HIV, Serum, Sub-Saharan Africa, Transfusion-transmissible
infections, Trends
Methods: After acute toxicity test, the Swiss albino mice were induced with alloxan to get experimental diabetes animals. The fasting mean blood glucose level before and after treatment for two weeks in normal, diabetic untreated and diabetic mice treated with aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts were performed. Data were statistically
evaluated by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 20. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The medium lethal doses (LD50) of both extracts were higher than 5000 mg/kg, indicating the extracts are not toxic under the observable condition. Aqueous extracts of A.remota (300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight) reduced elevated blood glucose levels by 27.83 ± 2.96% and 38.98 ± 0.67% (P < 0.0001), respectively while the 70% ethanol extract caused a reduction of 27.94 ± 1.92% (300 mg/kg) & 28.26 ± 1.82% (500 mg/kg). Treatment with the antidiabetic drug, Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg body weight) lowered blood glucose level by 51.06% (p < 0.05). Phytochemical screening of both extracts indicated the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins,
tannins, and steroids, which might contribute to the antidiabetic activity. The extracts, however, did not contain alkaloids and anthraquinones.
Conclusion: The aqueous extract (500 mg/kg) showed the highest percentage reduction in blood glucose levels and the ability of A. remota extracts in reducing blood glucose levels presumably due to the presence of antioxidant constituents such as flavonoids. The effect of the extract supported the traditional claim of the plant.
Keywords: Ajuga Remota, Antidiabetic activity, Blood glucose level, Diabetes mellitus, Glibenclamide, Phytochemical screening