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Ayman El-Badry

Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Microbiology, Faculty Member

Cairo University Faculty of Medicine, Medical Parasitology, Faculty Member

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Ayman A. El-Badry, M.D, is a Professor
Address: - Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Previously named Dammam University)
Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia. B.O.Box: 2114
Office Phone: +966 13 33331168 - Fax: +966 13 3330220
- Medical Parasitology Dept., kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University. Kasr Al-Ainy St., Cairo, Egypt. POB: 11562, Tel.: (+202) 23632733, Fax: (+202) 23644383

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Publications by Ayman El-Badry

Title First report of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia

by Ayman El-Badry and Ayman AE

Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) is a cosmo-tropical, urban, peri-domestic mosquito. It serves as the ... more Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) is a cosmo-tropical, urban, peri-domestic mosquito. It serves as the most important domestic vector of urban dengue and yellow fever viruses. Ae. aegypti mosquito was recorded for the first time in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah. An entomological survey was conducted in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah using standardized sampling by overnight , Black Hole UV trap produces CO2 and morning knockdown Spray-sheet method, for two months from May 2008. A total of 108 Ae. aegypti were identified. They were 53 (49.1%) males and 55 (51.9%) females. No dengue virus was detected in any female pools tested by real time PCR assay. This is may be due to the small quantity of mosquitoes available for the test, the possibility of dengue virus transmission by these mosquitoes and also their expansion in Al-Madinah still in need for further studies.

Hepatitis C virus genotyping in infected patients on haemodialysis, in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.pdf

GIARDIA INTESTINALIS AND HELICOBACTER PYLORI CO-INFECTION: ESTIMATED RISKS AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS IN EGYPT

Giardia intestinalis (G. intestinalis) and Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) are two intestinal path... more Giardia intestinalis (G. intestinalis) and Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) are two intestinal pathogens sharing the same mode of infection. This study determines the prevalence of G. intestinalis and H. py-lori co-infection estimated risks and predictive factors for susceptibility to co-infection. Stool samples were collected from 801 patients suffering gastrointestinal symptoms and living in Greater Cairo. They were subjected to coproscopic examination for detection of intestinal parasites and copro PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing targeting the glutamate dehy-drogenase (gdh) gene for Giardia. Positive samples for giardiasis were further subjected to copro-immunoassay to detect H. pylori coprontigen. Among 63 cases of giardiasis by both microscopy and PCR (84.1 % assemblage B and 15.9% AII), 52.5% were co-infected with H. pylori. Co-infection was more frequent with assemblage B (50.9%) than assemblage A (40%). Among studied variables of assemblage type, gender, or harboring more than one parasite (polyparasitism), only school age children, was significantly associated (P value: 0.02) with Giardia and H. pylori co-infection. Physicians in Egypt must consider G. intestinalis and H. pylori as prevailing intestinal pathogens with predominance of Giardia assemblage B. Giardia and H. pylori co-infection is common in school aged children and modulates gastrointestinal manifestations. Intestinal parasitism and H. pylori association is complex and necessitates further genomic studies for a better understanding of the epidemiological and clinical impact of co-infection, as well as possible strategies for their treatment and control.

A study on Culex mosquitoes and Culex transmitted diseases in Al-Madinah Almunawarah, Saudi Arabia.pdf

Molecular detection of capillaria philippinensis, an emerging zoonosis in egypt

by José Rubio, Ayman El-Badry, and Nadia ElDib

Experimental Parasitology, 2015

Human infection with Capillaria philippinensis is accidental; however, it may end fatally if not ... more Human infection with Capillaria philippinensis is accidental; however, it may end fatally if not diagnosed and treated in the proper time. The first case was detected in the Philippines in 1963, but later reported in other countries around the world, including Egypt. In this report, molecular diagnosis using a specific nested PCR for detection of C. philippinensis in faeces is described based on the amplification of small ribosomal subunit. The test showed sensitivity and specificity, as it detected all the positive cases and gave no cross-reaction with human DNA and DNA of other tested parasites. This method can be very useful not only for improvement of diagnosis, but also to understand the different environmental routes of transmission by detection of C. philippinensis DNA-stages in the possible fish intermediate hosts and reservoir animal host, helping to improve strategies for surveillance and prevention of human disease.

Molecular characterization of Leishmania infection in sand flies from Al-madinah Al-munawarah province, western Saudi Arabia

by Khalil al-Ali and Ayman El-Badry

Experimental Parasitology, 2013

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by various species of the genus Leishmania. The disease is... more Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by various species of the genus Leishmania. The disease is considered a major health problem in different areas of Saudi Arabia including Al-madinah Al-munawarah province. We aimed to identify Leishmania species isolated from sand fly vectors by molecular analysis. Sand fly sampling was carried out from May 2010 to October 2010 in province of Al-madinah Al-munawarah from four different localities. Female sand flies collected were subjected to DNA extraction followed by molecular analysis using the semi-nested PCR and conventional PCR protocols, respectively, against minicircle kDNA and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1-rDNA). The PCR positive specimens against ITS1-rDNA locus were digested for further confirmation of species identification. A total of 2910 sand flies were collected. Phlebotomus papatasi accounted for 93.8% (1673 males and 1057 females), however, the number of Phlebotomus sergenti was only 180 (109 males and 71 females). Sixty-two out of 250 (23.7%) female P. papatasi tested for Leishmania parasite were positive for Leishmania major using the semi-nested PCR method against kDNA. All of the 62 positive specimens produced a band size 650 bp. A 31% of female P. sergenti were positive against kDNA of Leishmania tropica and produced a 720 bp band. These positive P. sergenti for L. tropica DNA produced ITS1-PCR-RFLP profile showed two bands of ∼200 bp and 57 bp which are specific for L. tropica, confirming the presence of L. tropica in P. sergenti. However, the ITS1-PCR-RFLP profile showed two bands of ∼203 bp and 132 bp which are specific for L. major in P. papatasi. We concluded that, the semi-nested PCR method against kDNA and the ITS1-PCR-RFLP analysis are useful tools for molecular identification of both L. major and L. tropica. A multicenter study is necessary in order to evaluate the extent of the disease and functional analysis of new Leishmania genes.

Molecular characterization of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah province, western Saudi Arabia

by Khalil al-Ali and Ayman El-Badry

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2013

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease affecting a large number of people worldwide. In this study ... more Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease affecting a large number of people worldwide. In this study we carried out the molecular characterization of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah Province, Saudi Arabia, confirming Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica as the prevalent species using molecular techniques. One hundred and five patients with suspected CL were identified from four different localities in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah Province and Al-Miqat Hospital, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Thirty-four of the 105 patients were selected at random for molecular investigation. Characterization of CL species by internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) PCR established L. major and L. tropica as the causative organisms. kDNA PCR had a sensitivity of 90.7%, whereas ITS1 PCR had a sensitivity of 70.1%, thus facilitating the diagnosis and species identification. Parasite culture alone detected 39.2% and smear alone 55.3% of the positive samples. With the exception of kDNA PCR, all other assays were 100% specific. This study provides the first findings for the comprehensive molecular characterization of CL in Saudi Arabia.

Infectious Nosocomial Diarrhea in the Surgical Wards: Role of Parasites and Microbes Imply Stool Analysis “Arabic Abstracts”

by Khalil al-Ali and Ayman El-Badry

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 2009

This is the first study to document the etiology of non-outbreak infectious nosocomial diarrhea i... more

Cytotoxic activity of methanolic extract of Mentha longifolia and Ocimum basilicum against human breast cancer

by Khalil al-Ali and Ayman El-Badry

Molecular and seroprevalence of imported dengue virus infection in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia

by Khalil al-Ali and Ayman El-Badry

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2013

Recently, urban outbreaks of dengue virus (DENV) have occurred in western areas of Saudi Arabia; ... more Recently, urban outbreaks of dengue virus (DENV) have occurred in western areas of Saudi Arabia; Jeddah and Makkah, neighbouring cities to Al-Madinah, where there is growing population traffic. DENV activity has not previously been reported in Al-Madinah. Molecular detection of DENV RNA using type-specific single-step real-time RT-PCR and seroprevalence of anti-DENV antibodies using ELISA was reported among Al-Madinah population for the first time through a cross-sectional study from May 2008 to July 2009. A total of 351 febrile, clinically suspected patients were identified, and acute dengue infection was identified in 71 of them during the first week of onset of fever; 5 (1.4 %) by realtime reverse transcription PCR alone, 45 (12.8 %) cases by IgM-ELISA alone and 13 (3.7 %) by both, while 8 (2.3 %) cases were identified during the second week of fever by the presence of IgM-ELISA only. Anti-DENV IgG antibodies were not detected in any of the tested samples. Of the 71 cases, 55 were resident in Al-Madinah (37 Saudi and 18 non-Saudi); however, all of them were imported cases. DENV-1 and DENV-2 were identified in 7 and 11 cases, respectively, while DENV-3 and DENV-4 were not detected in any cases. It was observed that the middle-aged group was the most infected group. DENV anti-DENV IgM antibodies showed a positive correlation of high significance with the number of days with fever. Nationality and gender were found to be significant independent predictors.

Molecular characterization of Leishmania infection in sand flies from Al-madinah Al-munawarah province, western Saudi Arabia

by Khalil al-Ali and Ayman El-Badry

Experimental parasitology, 2013

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by various species of the genus Leishmania. The disease is... more Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by various species of the genus Leishmania. The disease is considered a major health problem in different areas of Saudi Arabia including Al-madinah Al-munawarah province. We aimed to identify Leishmania species isolated from sand fly vectors by molecular analysis. Sand fly sampling was carried out from May 2010 to October 2010 in province of Al-madinah Al-munawarah from four different localities. Female sand flies collected were subjected to DNA extraction followed by molecular analysis using the semi-nested PCR and conventional PCR protocols, respectively, against minicircle kDNA and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1-rDNA). The PCR positive specimens against ITS1-rDNA locus were digested for further confirmation of species identification. A total of 2910 sand flies were collected. Phlebotomus papatasi accounted for 93.8% (1673 males and 1057 females), however, the number of Phlebotomus sergenti was only 180 (109 males and 71 femal...

In vitro antioxidant potential and antiprotozoal activity of methanolic extract of Mentha longifolia and Origanum syriacum

by Khalil al-Ali, Ayman El-Badry, and Abdulaziz Alghaithy

Journal of Biological Sciences, 2013

Papers by Ayman El-Badry

Anti-Cryptosporidium efficacy of Olea europaea and Actinidia deliciosa in a neonatal mouse model

Kasr Al Ainy Medical Journal, 2017

Background Cryptosporidiosis is caused by an opportunistic protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium. It... more Background Cryptosporidiosis is caused by an opportunistic protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium. It may be life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals, children and the elderly. To date, no specific therapy has been proven to be effective against Cryptosporidium, which necessitates exploring for new therapeutics. This study evaluated the anti-Cryptosporidium therapeutic potential of two natural medicinal plants − Olea europaea (olive leaf extract) and Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi fruit pulp extract) − in four different groups of experimentally infected neonatal mice. Materials and methods Anti-Cryptosporidium efficacies of tested extracts were evaluated in four groups of age-matched neonatal Swiss albino mice parasitologically by detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and copro-DNA, using microscopy and nested PCR assay, as well as histopathological examination of their small intestines. Results and conclusion There was a 100% reduction in Cryptosporidium oocyst excretion in s...

In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-blastocystis Efficacy of Olive Leaf Extract and Bee Pollen Compound

Research Journal of Parasitology, 2017

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Acanthamoeba isolates in tap water of Beni-Suef, Egypt

Acta Parasitologica, Dec 19, 2018

The genus Acanthamoeba is a free-living amoeba widely distributed in various aquatic environments... more The genus Acanthamoeba is a free-living amoeba widely distributed in various aquatic environments. It is an etiologic cause of amoebic encephalitis and keratitis particularly for immunocompromised individuals. The purpose of the present study was to investigate Acanthamoeba species prevalence in household and hospital potable water in Beni-Suef governorate, Egypt, and to employ sequencing methods to identify positive Acanthamoeba species isolates and their potential health risks. Sixty tap water samples (30 household and 30 governmental and private hospital settings) collected from Beni-Suef governorate, Egypt were filtered, cultured on non-nutrient agar, identified by morphotyping keys after staining with Giemsa stain and then confirmed by PCR using Acanthamoeba specific primers. Twenty positive samples were successfully genetically characterized and phylogenetically analyzed to identify Acanthamoeba species. The total detection rate for Acanthamoeba was 48/60 (80%); Acanthamoeba contamination in water collected from domestic houses was higher than in hospitals; 27/30 (90%) versus 21/30 (70%) with statistical significant value (P value = 0.05). Sequencing of 20 positive isolates revealed Acanthamoeba T4 in 65% and T2 in 35%. To our knowledge, this is the first research that documents the occurrence and phylogeny of Acanthamoeba species in Beni-Suef, Egypt. The presence of a higher percentage of Acanthamoeba species in tap water, in particular T4, highlights the potential health hazards for immunocompromised individuals and emphasizes the urgent need for the implementation of effective filtration and disinfection measures.

Mapping gut parasitism patterns in a cohort of Egyptians

Scientific Reports

In developing countries, the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection is still significant, p... more In developing countries, the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection is still significant, particularly due to geographical and socioeconomic variables. The objective of this study was to map the distribution pattern of intestinal parasitic infection in a cohort of the Egyptian population, as well as to assess associated risk factors. A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted on 386 patients. A single fecal specimen was collected from the study individual and examined microscopically for the detection of parasitic infection. DNA was extracted from all samples and utilized to amplify Entamoeba histolytica complex species, Cryptosporidium species, Giardia intestinalis assemblages, and Blastocystis species using PCRs. Typing of Cryptosporidium species and Giardia intestinalis assemblages was performed using restriction enzymes RasI and HaeIII respectively. While Blastocystis spp. subtypes (ST) were identified through sequencing of PCR products and phylogenetic analysis....

Enteric pathogenic protozoa from misdiagnosis to overmedication in Egypt: a need for molecular diagnosis

Comparative Clinical Pathology

Molecular identification of Leishmania major species in phlebotomine sand flies from Al Ahsa, Eastern KSA

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences

Susceptibility to Rubella Infection and Incidence of Congenital Rubella Infection: 6 Years Retrospective Study

International Journal of General Medicine

Rubella is considered one of the most serious and most common congenital infections. Despite glob... more Rubella is considered one of the most serious and most common congenital infections. Despite global efforts for elimination, rubella cases are still being reported in many parts of the world. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of immunity to rubella in the community and most importantly among women at childbearing age in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia and compare it with the target set by the World Health Organization (WHO) along with the incidence of acute rubella infection and the associated congenital rubella infection and congenital rubella syndrome. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study over the six years period (Jan 2014-Jun 2020) on all individuals tested for rubella IgM and IgG in a university teaching hospital. Results: Nighty one percent (15,894/17,469) of the population tested showed evidence of rubella immunity with 8.8% (1546/17,469) being susceptible. Among women at childbearing age, susceptibility to rubella was higher with 9.2% (1220/13,278) of women showing no evidence of immunity. In addition, acute rubella infection was reported for 0.17% (29/17,469) of the population tested and 0.15% (20/13,278) in women at childbearing age. No cases of congenital rubella infection were reported in the study period. Discussion: The level of Rubella immunity in the population is 91% and is less than the WHO target for rubella control therefore, risk of resurge of cases is present, indicating the need for continued national surveillance and more efforts to improve vaccination coverage in the kingdom.

Diagnostic yield of stool culture and probable predictive factors

Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis, Dec 16, 2022

Background and aim: Stool analysis is commonly performed to diagnose certain gastrointestinal dis... more Background and aim: Stool analysis is commonly performed to diagnose certain gastrointestinal diseases. The diagnostic yield of stool culture, a method of stool analysis, is variable worldwide and is unclear in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study was conducted to determine the diagnostic yield of stool culture from the year 2008 to 2020 and to determine the predictors for a positive stool culture. Furthermore, antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the detected copro-pathogens in the same time period were collected and studied. Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study in which patients' data was collected from the hospital's electronic health record. The results of all stool analyses performed from 2008 to 2020 and associated patients' characteristics were collected. Characteristics of cases with a positive stool culture were compared to the characteristics of those without to identify the predictors for positive stool cultures. Results: Copro-pathogens were detected in 89.4% of cultured stool samples. Salmonella spp (1590/1775, 89.6%) was the most common organism followed by Shigella spp. (84/1775, 4.7%) and Campylobacter spp (45/1775, 2.5%). Male sex, the 1-5 age group, positive fecal occult blood test results, and positive stool leukocyte test results were associated with a positive stool culture result. Cultured copro-pathogens were highly sensitive to Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole and Ampicillin. Conclusions: Stool analysis was found to be a test of high diagnostic yield. However, there is still a need for more studies on this subject with a focus on possible predictive factors for specific organisms.

Title First report of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia

by Ayman El-Badry and Ayman AE

Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) is a cosmo-tropical, urban, peri-domestic mosquito. It serves as the ... more Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) is a cosmo-tropical, urban, peri-domestic mosquito. It serves as the most important domestic vector of urban dengue and yellow fever viruses. Ae. aegypti mosquito was recorded for the first time in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah. An entomological survey was conducted in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah using standardized sampling by overnight , Black Hole UV trap produces CO2 and morning knockdown Spray-sheet method, for two months from May 2008. A total of 108 Ae. aegypti were identified. They were 53 (49.1%) males and 55 (51.9%) females. No dengue virus was detected in any female pools tested by real time PCR assay. This is may be due to the small quantity of mosquitoes available for the test, the possibility of dengue virus transmission by these mosquitoes and also their expansion in Al-Madinah still in need for further studies.

Hepatitis C virus genotyping in infected patients on haemodialysis, in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.pdf

GIARDIA INTESTINALIS AND HELICOBACTER PYLORI CO-INFECTION: ESTIMATED RISKS AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS IN EGYPT

Giardia intestinalis (G. intestinalis) and Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) are two intestinal path... more Giardia intestinalis (G. intestinalis) and Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) are two intestinal pathogens sharing the same mode of infection. This study determines the prevalence of G. intestinalis and H. py-lori co-infection estimated risks and predictive factors for susceptibility to co-infection. Stool samples were collected from 801 patients suffering gastrointestinal symptoms and living in Greater Cairo. They were subjected to coproscopic examination for detection of intestinal parasites and copro PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing targeting the glutamate dehy-drogenase (gdh) gene for Giardia. Positive samples for giardiasis were further subjected to copro-immunoassay to detect H. pylori coprontigen. Among 63 cases of giardiasis by both microscopy and PCR (84.1 % assemblage B and 15.9% AII), 52.5% were co-infected with H. pylori. Co-infection was more frequent with assemblage B (50.9%) than assemblage A (40%). Among studied variables of assemblage type, gender, or harboring more than one parasite (polyparasitism), only school age children, was significantly associated (P value: 0.02) with Giardia and H. pylori co-infection. Physicians in Egypt must consider G. intestinalis and H. pylori as prevailing intestinal pathogens with predominance of Giardia assemblage B. Giardia and H. pylori co-infection is common in school aged children and modulates gastrointestinal manifestations. Intestinal parasitism and H. pylori association is complex and necessitates further genomic studies for a better understanding of the epidemiological and clinical impact of co-infection, as well as possible strategies for their treatment and control.

A study on Culex mosquitoes and Culex transmitted diseases in Al-Madinah Almunawarah, Saudi Arabia.pdf

Molecular detection of capillaria philippinensis, an emerging zoonosis in egypt

by José Rubio, Ayman El-Badry, and Nadia ElDib

Experimental Parasitology, 2015

Human infection with Capillaria philippinensis is accidental; however, it may end fatally if not ... more Human infection with Capillaria philippinensis is accidental; however, it may end fatally if not diagnosed and treated in the proper time. The first case was detected in the Philippines in 1963, but later reported in other countries around the world, including Egypt. In this report, molecular diagnosis using a specific nested PCR for detection of C. philippinensis in faeces is described based on the amplification of small ribosomal subunit. The test showed sensitivity and specificity, as it detected all the positive cases and gave no cross-reaction with human DNA and DNA of other tested parasites. This method can be very useful not only for improvement of diagnosis, but also to understand the different environmental routes of transmission by detection of C. philippinensis DNA-stages in the possible fish intermediate hosts and reservoir animal host, helping to improve strategies for surveillance and prevention of human disease.

Molecular characterization of Leishmania infection in sand flies from Al-madinah Al-munawarah province, western Saudi Arabia

by Khalil al-Ali and Ayman El-Badry

Experimental Parasitology, 2013

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by various species of the genus Leishmania. The disease is... more Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by various species of the genus Leishmania. The disease is considered a major health problem in different areas of Saudi Arabia including Al-madinah Al-munawarah province. We aimed to identify Leishmania species isolated from sand fly vectors by molecular analysis. Sand fly sampling was carried out from May 2010 to October 2010 in province of Al-madinah Al-munawarah from four different localities. Female sand flies collected were subjected to DNA extraction followed by molecular analysis using the semi-nested PCR and conventional PCR protocols, respectively, against minicircle kDNA and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1-rDNA). The PCR positive specimens against ITS1-rDNA locus were digested for further confirmation of species identification. A total of 2910 sand flies were collected. Phlebotomus papatasi accounted for 93.8% (1673 males and 1057 females), however, the number of Phlebotomus sergenti was only 180 (109 males and 71 females). Sixty-two out of 250 (23.7%) female P. papatasi tested for Leishmania parasite were positive for Leishmania major using the semi-nested PCR method against kDNA. All of the 62 positive specimens produced a band size 650 bp. A 31% of female P. sergenti were positive against kDNA of Leishmania tropica and produced a 720 bp band. These positive P. sergenti for L. tropica DNA produced ITS1-PCR-RFLP profile showed two bands of ∼200 bp and 57 bp which are specific for L. tropica, confirming the presence of L. tropica in P. sergenti. However, the ITS1-PCR-RFLP profile showed two bands of ∼203 bp and 132 bp which are specific for L. major in P. papatasi. We concluded that, the semi-nested PCR method against kDNA and the ITS1-PCR-RFLP analysis are useful tools for molecular identification of both L. major and L. tropica. A multicenter study is necessary in order to evaluate the extent of the disease and functional analysis of new Leishmania genes.

Molecular characterization of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah province, western Saudi Arabia

by Khalil al-Ali and Ayman El-Badry

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2013

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease affecting a large number of people worldwide. In this study ... more Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease affecting a large number of people worldwide. In this study we carried out the molecular characterization of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah Province, Saudi Arabia, confirming Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica as the prevalent species using molecular techniques. One hundred and five patients with suspected CL were identified from four different localities in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah Province and Al-Miqat Hospital, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Thirty-four of the 105 patients were selected at random for molecular investigation. Characterization of CL species by internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) PCR established L. major and L. tropica as the causative organisms. kDNA PCR had a sensitivity of 90.7%, whereas ITS1 PCR had a sensitivity of 70.1%, thus facilitating the diagnosis and species identification. Parasite culture alone detected 39.2% and smear alone 55.3% of the positive samples. With the exception of kDNA PCR, all other assays were 100% specific. This study provides the first findings for the comprehensive molecular characterization of CL in Saudi Arabia.

Infectious Nosocomial Diarrhea in the Surgical Wards: Role of Parasites and Microbes Imply Stool Analysis “Arabic Abstracts”

by Khalil al-Ali and Ayman El-Badry

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 2009

This is the first study to document the etiology of non-outbreak infectious nosocomial diarrhea i... more

Cytotoxic activity of methanolic extract of Mentha longifolia and Ocimum basilicum against human breast cancer

by Khalil al-Ali and Ayman El-Badry

Molecular and seroprevalence of imported dengue virus infection in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia

by Khalil al-Ali and Ayman El-Badry

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2013

Recently, urban outbreaks of dengue virus (DENV) have occurred in western areas of Saudi Arabia; ... more Recently, urban outbreaks of dengue virus (DENV) have occurred in western areas of Saudi Arabia; Jeddah and Makkah, neighbouring cities to Al-Madinah, where there is growing population traffic. DENV activity has not previously been reported in Al-Madinah. Molecular detection of DENV RNA using type-specific single-step real-time RT-PCR and seroprevalence of anti-DENV antibodies using ELISA was reported among Al-Madinah population for the first time through a cross-sectional study from May 2008 to July 2009. A total of 351 febrile, clinically suspected patients were identified, and acute dengue infection was identified in 71 of them during the first week of onset of fever; 5 (1.4 %) by realtime reverse transcription PCR alone, 45 (12.8 %) cases by IgM-ELISA alone and 13 (3.7 %) by both, while 8 (2.3 %) cases were identified during the second week of fever by the presence of IgM-ELISA only. Anti-DENV IgG antibodies were not detected in any of the tested samples. Of the 71 cases, 55 were resident in Al-Madinah (37 Saudi and 18 non-Saudi); however, all of them were imported cases. DENV-1 and DENV-2 were identified in 7 and 11 cases, respectively, while DENV-3 and DENV-4 were not detected in any cases. It was observed that the middle-aged group was the most infected group. DENV anti-DENV IgM antibodies showed a positive correlation of high significance with the number of days with fever. Nationality and gender were found to be significant independent predictors.

Molecular characterization of Leishmania infection in sand flies from Al-madinah Al-munawarah province, western Saudi Arabia

by Khalil al-Ali and Ayman El-Badry

Experimental parasitology, 2013

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by various species of the genus Leishmania. The disease is... more Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by various species of the genus Leishmania. The disease is considered a major health problem in different areas of Saudi Arabia including Al-madinah Al-munawarah province. We aimed to identify Leishmania species isolated from sand fly vectors by molecular analysis. Sand fly sampling was carried out from May 2010 to October 2010 in province of Al-madinah Al-munawarah from four different localities. Female sand flies collected were subjected to DNA extraction followed by molecular analysis using the semi-nested PCR and conventional PCR protocols, respectively, against minicircle kDNA and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1-rDNA). The PCR positive specimens against ITS1-rDNA locus were digested for further confirmation of species identification. A total of 2910 sand flies were collected. Phlebotomus papatasi accounted for 93.8% (1673 males and 1057 females), however, the number of Phlebotomus sergenti was only 180 (109 males and 71 femal...

In vitro antioxidant potential and antiprotozoal activity of methanolic extract of Mentha longifolia and Origanum syriacum

by Khalil al-Ali, Ayman El-Badry, and Abdulaziz Alghaithy

Journal of Biological Sciences, 2013

Anti-Cryptosporidium efficacy of Olea europaea and Actinidia deliciosa in a neonatal mouse model

Kasr Al Ainy Medical Journal, 2017

Background Cryptosporidiosis is caused by an opportunistic protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium. It... more Background Cryptosporidiosis is caused by an opportunistic protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium. It may be life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals, children and the elderly. To date, no specific therapy has been proven to be effective against Cryptosporidium, which necessitates exploring for new therapeutics. This study evaluated the anti-Cryptosporidium therapeutic potential of two natural medicinal plants − Olea europaea (olive leaf extract) and Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi fruit pulp extract) − in four different groups of experimentally infected neonatal mice. Materials and methods Anti-Cryptosporidium efficacies of tested extracts were evaluated in four groups of age-matched neonatal Swiss albino mice parasitologically by detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and copro-DNA, using microscopy and nested PCR assay, as well as histopathological examination of their small intestines. Results and conclusion There was a 100% reduction in Cryptosporidium oocyst excretion in s...

In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-blastocystis Efficacy of Olive Leaf Extract and Bee Pollen Compound

Research Journal of Parasitology, 2017

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Acanthamoeba isolates in tap water of Beni-Suef, Egypt

Acta Parasitologica, Dec 19, 2018

The genus Acanthamoeba is a free-living amoeba widely distributed in various aquatic environments... more The genus Acanthamoeba is a free-living amoeba widely distributed in various aquatic environments. It is an etiologic cause of amoebic encephalitis and keratitis particularly for immunocompromised individuals. The purpose of the present study was to investigate Acanthamoeba species prevalence in household and hospital potable water in Beni-Suef governorate, Egypt, and to employ sequencing methods to identify positive Acanthamoeba species isolates and their potential health risks. Sixty tap water samples (30 household and 30 governmental and private hospital settings) collected from Beni-Suef governorate, Egypt were filtered, cultured on non-nutrient agar, identified by morphotyping keys after staining with Giemsa stain and then confirmed by PCR using Acanthamoeba specific primers. Twenty positive samples were successfully genetically characterized and phylogenetically analyzed to identify Acanthamoeba species. The total detection rate for Acanthamoeba was 48/60 (80%); Acanthamoeba contamination in water collected from domestic houses was higher than in hospitals; 27/30 (90%) versus 21/30 (70%) with statistical significant value (P value = 0.05). Sequencing of 20 positive isolates revealed Acanthamoeba T4 in 65% and T2 in 35%. To our knowledge, this is the first research that documents the occurrence and phylogeny of Acanthamoeba species in Beni-Suef, Egypt. The presence of a higher percentage of Acanthamoeba species in tap water, in particular T4, highlights the potential health hazards for immunocompromised individuals and emphasizes the urgent need for the implementation of effective filtration and disinfection measures.

Mapping gut parasitism patterns in a cohort of Egyptians

Scientific Reports

In developing countries, the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection is still significant, p... more In developing countries, the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection is still significant, particularly due to geographical and socioeconomic variables. The objective of this study was to map the distribution pattern of intestinal parasitic infection in a cohort of the Egyptian population, as well as to assess associated risk factors. A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted on 386 patients. A single fecal specimen was collected from the study individual and examined microscopically for the detection of parasitic infection. DNA was extracted from all samples and utilized to amplify Entamoeba histolytica complex species, Cryptosporidium species, Giardia intestinalis assemblages, and Blastocystis species using PCRs. Typing of Cryptosporidium species and Giardia intestinalis assemblages was performed using restriction enzymes RasI and HaeIII respectively. While Blastocystis spp. subtypes (ST) were identified through sequencing of PCR products and phylogenetic analysis....

Enteric pathogenic protozoa from misdiagnosis to overmedication in Egypt: a need for molecular diagnosis

Comparative Clinical Pathology

Molecular identification of Leishmania major species in phlebotomine sand flies from Al Ahsa, Eastern KSA

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences

Susceptibility to Rubella Infection and Incidence of Congenital Rubella Infection: 6 Years Retrospective Study

International Journal of General Medicine

Rubella is considered one of the most serious and most common congenital infections. Despite glob... more Rubella is considered one of the most serious and most common congenital infections. Despite global efforts for elimination, rubella cases are still being reported in many parts of the world. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of immunity to rubella in the community and most importantly among women at childbearing age in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia and compare it with the target set by the World Health Organization (WHO) along with the incidence of acute rubella infection and the associated congenital rubella infection and congenital rubella syndrome. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study over the six years period (Jan 2014-Jun 2020) on all individuals tested for rubella IgM and IgG in a university teaching hospital. Results: Nighty one percent (15,894/17,469) of the population tested showed evidence of rubella immunity with 8.8% (1546/17,469) being susceptible. Among women at childbearing age, susceptibility to rubella was higher with 9.2% (1220/13,278) of women showing no evidence of immunity. In addition, acute rubella infection was reported for 0.17% (29/17,469) of the population tested and 0.15% (20/13,278) in women at childbearing age. No cases of congenital rubella infection were reported in the study period. Discussion: The level of Rubella immunity in the population is 91% and is less than the WHO target for rubella control therefore, risk of resurge of cases is present, indicating the need for continued national surveillance and more efforts to improve vaccination coverage in the kingdom.

Diagnostic yield of stool culture and probable predictive factors

Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis, Dec 16, 2022

Background and aim: Stool analysis is commonly performed to diagnose certain gastrointestinal dis... more Background and aim: Stool analysis is commonly performed to diagnose certain gastrointestinal diseases. The diagnostic yield of stool culture, a method of stool analysis, is variable worldwide and is unclear in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study was conducted to determine the diagnostic yield of stool culture from the year 2008 to 2020 and to determine the predictors for a positive stool culture. Furthermore, antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the detected copro-pathogens in the same time period were collected and studied. Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study in which patients' data was collected from the hospital's electronic health record. The results of all stool analyses performed from 2008 to 2020 and associated patients' characteristics were collected. Characteristics of cases with a positive stool culture were compared to the characteristics of those without to identify the predictors for positive stool cultures. Results: Copro-pathogens were detected in 89.4% of cultured stool samples. Salmonella spp (1590/1775, 89.6%) was the most common organism followed by Shigella spp. (84/1775, 4.7%) and Campylobacter spp (45/1775, 2.5%). Male sex, the 1-5 age group, positive fecal occult blood test results, and positive stool leukocyte test results were associated with a positive stool culture result. Cultured copro-pathogens were highly sensitive to Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole and Ampicillin. Conclusions: Stool analysis was found to be a test of high diagnostic yield. However, there is still a need for more studies on this subject with a focus on possible predictive factors for specific organisms.

Risk-free point-of-care visceral leishmaniasis diagnostics: combining buffy coat microscopy and immunoassay in tertiary rural hospitals in Sudan

Acta Tropica

Consultant of Medic Risk-free point-of-care visceral leishmaniasis diagnostics: combining buffy c... more

Further insight into the genetic diversity of Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba hartmanni

Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology

Despite the species' wide distribution, studies of the genetic diversity within Entamoeba col... more Despite the species' wide distribution, studies of the genetic diversity within Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba hartmanni remain limited. In the present study, we provide further insight into the genetic diversity of both species based on analysis of partial nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences generated from human fecal DNAs from samples collected in Africa, South America, and Europe. Reinforcing the previous recognition that E. coli is a species complex, our data confirm the existence of the two subtypes, ST1 and ST2, previously identified plus, potentially, a new subtype, ST3. While ST1 appears to be genetically quite homogenous, ST2 shows a substantial degree of intrasubtype diversity. ST2 was more common in samples collected outside Europe, whereas ST1 showed no geographical restriction. The potentially novel subtype is represented to date exclusively by sequences from South American and African samples. In contrast to previous reports, our new data also indicate subs...

Blastocystis SPP. infection prevalence and associated patient characteristics as predictors among a cohort of symptomatic and a symptomatic Egyptians

International journal of health sciences

Blastocystis spp. (spp.) is an unicellular large intestinal protozoan parasite that has a worldwi... more Blastocystis spp. (spp.) is an unicellular large intestinal protozoan parasite that has a worldwide distribution. It has unclear pathogenicity and is linked to many clinical disorders. The study purpose was to determine the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. molecularly in a cohort of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals and to assess the association of Blastocystis spp. with the patient characteristics as possible predictors of the occurrence of Blastocystis spp. Fecal specimens were collected from 139 Egyptians of both sexes, aged from 5 months to 74 years. All fecal specimens were examined coproscopically for detection of gut parasites and cultured on Modified Jones’ medium for detection of Blastocystis spp. Molecular assay using nested PCR (nPCR) was performed for cultured Blastocystis. The association between detection of Blastocystis spp. and patient demographics and clinical data was determined. Prevalence of parasitic infections was 62 (44.6%) using coproscopy. Blastocystis...

Seropositivity of syphilis among individuals screened in a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Annals of Saudi Medicine

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections are a serious public health problem. Syphilis, a mult... more BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections are a serious public health problem. Syphilis, a multistage, curable chronic disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum , remains a major health problem worldwide. The disease re-emerged in the era of HIV in many countries despite the accessibility of curative therapy and continuing public health efforts to eliminate it. OBJECTIVE: Analyse the seropositivity for syphilis. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional. SETTING: Tertiary hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied individuals who underwent screening tests for syphilis between January 2014 and December 2018. The samples that were positive by both screening and confirmatory tests were considered as confirmed positive for syphilis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Syphilis positivity identified by chemiluminescence immunoassay, the rapid plasma reagin test, and specific antibodies against Treponema pallidum . SAMPLE SIZE: 11 832. RESULTS: Of the 11 832, 54 (0.45%) were co...

Molecular Diagnosis of Cryptosporidium Spp. Versus Microscopy in Diarrheic Patients in Cairo

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, Aug 1, 2017

Cryptosporidium spp. is considered one of the most common diarrhea-causing protozoa. This cross-s... more Cryptosporidium spp. is considered one of the most common diarrhea-causing protozoa. This cross-sectional study was designed for molecular detection of Cryptosporidium spp., comparing results with microscopy using Acid Fast (AF) staining, and to determine predominance of cryptosporidiosis according to patients' age and gender. Methodology: Stool samples were collected from 150 diarrheic patients attending outpatient clinics of Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University. Samples were examined microscopically by direct wet mount before and after sample concentration, and then subjected to copro-PCR assays. The results showed that out of 150 samples subjected to nPCR, only 9 (6%) samples were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. and of those, 2 (1.3%) were positive by microscopy using AF stain. Microscopy showed high specificity but lower sensitivity (22%) compared to nPCR. Six of the 9 molecularly positive cases (66.7%) were children under 9 years and predominantly females with statistical significance.

A decade of travel-associated malaria at King Fahad Hospital of the University in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Scientific Reports, 2022

Travel-associated malaria is a health hazard, even in non-malaria endemic regions. This is a hosp... more Travel-associated malaria is a health hazard, even in non-malaria endemic regions. This is a hospital-based retrospective study of 12,931 febrile patients who presented at King Fahad Hospital of the University (KFHU) from January 2009 to December 2019. Patients either returning from malaria endemic countries and/or for whom malaria was suspected, had blood films microscopically screened for malaria parasites. Malaria prevalence was very low in febrile patients attending KFHU. Out of the 12,931 febrile patients, 0.63% (n = 81) were malaria positive, all travel-related, except for one case of transfusion malaria. Indian nationals were the most infected (29.6%, n = 24), followed by Sudanese nationals (24.7%, n = 20). P. falciparum (47%, n = 38) and P. vivax (42%, n = 24) were the predominant species. The majority of P. falciparum (64.5%, n = 20) cases were from African nationals and the majority of P. vivax (72.7%, n = 24) cases were from Asia. The highest percentage of malaria patient...

Flow Cytometric and Molecular Analysis of Possible Protozoal Contamination of Drinking Water in Tanta, Egypt

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2021

Protozoal water contamination is an alarming cause of countless waterborne outbreaks. The most em... more Protozoal water contamination is an alarming cause of countless waterborne outbreaks. The most eminent causal protozoa are Cryptosporidium and Giardia species (spp.) as they can endure aquatic environment even with chlorine disinfectants. The currently used traditional techniques cannot permit an easy detection of the waterborne protozoa concerning their count, viability, and pathogenicity. The present work detected protozoal contamination of the drinking water in Egypt with the determination of their load, viability and potential pathogenicity. Four techniques were compared including conventional staining techniques, immunofluorescence (IF) staining, flow cytometry (FC) and molecular study. Also, viability was assessed by conventional trypan blue stain and nucleic acid stain. Along a year, 64 water samples were collected and concentrated from water tanks and tap water of different districts, significant differences (P < 0.001) was between the different techniques in each season regarding the detection of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts. Number of total positive samples was significantly higher in tank water than tap water (P < 0.001) especially at summer. Flow cytometry and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) proved to be much more sensitive than IF assay, and conventional staining techniques. Regarding viability, nucleic acid stain was more sensitive than trypan blue stain (P < 0.001). Also, C. parvum predominate other Cryptosporidium genotypes.

Prevalence and risk factors of Giardia intestinalis in symptomatic and asymptomatic children in Egypt

Intestinal Parasitosis and Pediatric Hepatic Disease: Coproscopy and Immno Molecular Assays

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2018

Parasitic infections in children with liver diseases could be a serious health problem. This stud... more Parasitic infections in children with liver diseases could be a serious health problem. This study documented a true prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in children with pediatric liver diseases and estimate risk factors for parasitic infection. Faecal samples were collected from 95 children suffering liver diseases. Samples were examined microscopically for parasitic stages and coproscopy of acid fast (AF) stained fecal smear for Cryptosporidium oocysts, by ELISA for E. histolytica and Giardia and by PCR genotyping for E. histolytica and Cryptosporidium spp. copro-DNA. G. intestinalis was the prevailing protozoa (14.7%) followed by Hymenolepis nana (8.4%) and C. hominis (4.2%). The pathogenic E. histolytica was not detected by genetic differentiation or ELISA. Only age group (P value .004) was a risk factor for intestinal parasitosis among these children. Giardiasis, hymenolepiasis nana and cryptosporidiosis are the most prevailing parasites in children with liver disease that phy...

Evaluation of Praziquantel Effectivenss After Decades of Prolonged Use in an Endemic Area in Egypt

Acta Parasitologica, 2020

Purpose Praziquantel (PZQ) is the preferred drug for schistomiasis treatment because of its safet... more Purpose Praziquantel (PZQ) is the preferred drug for schistomiasis treatment because of its safety. As PZQ is used for mass drug administration (MDA) in schistosomiasis endemic areas, the effectiveness of the drug, used solely for decades, should be continuously monitored to detect drug resistance. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of PZQ to cure Schistosoma mansoni infection and to reduce the intensity of infection in an endemic area by estimating the cure rate (CR), egg reduction rate (ERR), and comparing these estimates to the levels recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Methods A total of 342 children aged 5–15 years living in Kafr-El-Sheikh were screened for S. mansoni infection. Stool samples were examined microscopically using Kato–Katz (KK) technique. Among the screened children, 106 children had S. mansoni ova in stool, 100 of them received the first dose of PZQ (40 mg/kg). Four weeks later, 96 of 100 children received the second dose of PZQ. Stool samples, collected 4 weeks after each dose of PZQ, were examined using KK. The effectiveness of PZQ was assessed based on ERR and CR. Results CR after the first dose of PZQ was 66.7%, increased to 79.12% after second dose ( X 2 = 3.05, P = 0.08). Median egg count before treatment was 30.00 (6.00–744), that significantly decreased after two doses of PZQ to 0.00 (0.00–221.33) ( Z = 8.29, P = 0.001). Children aged 10–15 years showed higher CR (91.3%) than those aged 5–9 years (OR = 5.25, CI 1.58–17.40). Conclusions PZQ is still an effective agent against S. mansoni in endemic areas, achieving a high CR and ERR with predominantly low intensity of infection. Age is a main predictor of response to PZQ.

Mesenchymal stem cells combined with albendazole as a novel therapeutic approach for experimental neurotoxocariasis

Parasitology, 2020

Neurotoxocariasis (NT) is a serious condition that has been linked to reduced cognitive function,... more Neurotoxocariasis (NT) is a serious condition that has been linked to reduced cognitive function, behavioural alterations and neurodegenerative diseases. Unfortunately, the available drugs to treat toxocariasis are limited with unsatisfactory results, because of the initiation of treatment at late chronic stages after the occurrence of tissue damage and scars. Therefore, searching for a new therapy for this important disease is an urgent necessity. In this context, cytotherapy is a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of many diseases and tissue damages through the introduction of new cells into the damaged sites. They exert therapeutic effects by their capability of renewal, differentiation into specialized cells, and being powerful immunomodulators. The most popular cell type utilized in cytotherapy is the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) type. In the current study, the efficacy of MSCs alone or combined with albendazole was evaluated against chronic brain insults induced by ...

Intestinal parasitism in pediatric oncology children receiving chemotherapy: unexpected low prevalence

Heliyon, 2019

Background: Children with underlying malignancies and those on chemotherapy are at risk for havin... more Background: Children with underlying malignancies and those on chemotherapy are at risk for having intestinal parasitic infections, which can lead to a severe course and death. This cross-sectional study was done to assess the copro-parasitological and copro-molecular prevalence of entero-parasites in children with malignancies and those on chemotherapy. Procedure: Stool samples were collected from 137 Egyptian hospitalized cancerous children with different malignancies in the National Cancer Institute, and receiving chemotherapy. Faecal samples were examined microscopically. Genomic copro-DNA was extracted from fecal samples and amplified by 3 separate nPCR assays targeting Cryptosporidium, G. intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica complex. Result: The overall prevalence of enteroparasites was 6.6 % (9 cases). Only Giardia copro-DNA was encountered in 2 (1.4%) faecal samples of patients. Coproscopy detected parasites in 7 cases: Blastocystis spp. in 5 cases (3.6%), Hymenolepis nana in 1 case (0.7%) and Ascaris lumbericoides in 1 case (0.7%). Conclusion: Low prevalence may be due to patient's use of prophylactic anti-parasitic and anti-fungal drugs, a standard protocol, basic hygienic practices and good nursing all of which are preventive against enteroparasites transmission. Among studied variables only diarrhoeic individuals who had a solid tumor, and soft/liquid stool with mucus and blood were predictors of intestinal parasitism.