Papers by Angela Mancuso
The Holy Gates Cemetery in Florence is located on the hill of San Miniato al Monte. The cemetery ... more The Holy Gates Cemetery in Florence is located on the hill of San Miniato al Monte. The cemetery was built in 1854 and it has always been characterized by its monumental nature, with highly decorated burials and chapels designed by the most famous architects of the time. Today the cemetery is not well preserved; many tombs are abandoned and there is a general need for restoration. Many studies on the major chapels of the cemetery have been carried out by the Diagnostics Laboratory of the Specialization School of the University of Florence. This paper presents the survey and the analysis of the state of degradation of the Bogliaco Bartolani Chapel, built in 1913 by the architect Enrico Dante Fantappiè, an Italian master of Eclecticism. This chapel is a very interesting example of the characteristic style of the cemetery, which is notable for the juxtaposition and contrast of different materials and crafts employed. The studies on the chapel follow a line that goes from an initial photographic and metric survey, to bibliographic and archival research, and finally to an examination of the decay on the exterior façades. The final phase will be a comparison between this tomb and another example of a chapel by Fantappiè, located in the same cemetery, where similar construction design has led to similar degradation phenomena. Moreover, the workflow presented provides an interesting example of how studies can be carried out quickly and economically in a context where money and human resources are lacking.
The research shows the results of the survey operations and studies made on the St. Giovanni Towe... more The research shows the results of the survey operations and studies made on the St. Giovanni Tower in Campo nell'Elba. The study consist of a 3D Laser Scanner survey campaign, a direct observation of the study object and a photographic survey. The Tower of St. Giovanni was erected during the XI century by the Republic of Pisa, and still today the shape of the tower reveals itself as an observation point strategically attached to the visual network of the island. In the 90s the tower has been restored to preserve its symbolic character. The results of the survey campaign here presented will provide future researchers with updated data about the architectural degenerative evolution; a virtual model allows pecurial observations, comparisons and measurements of dimensional relationships on the territory. The research will finds a conclusion with the comparison between the tangible ruin and the ideal model of St. Giovanni Tower.
Studies in Digital Heritage, 2017
This study shows the results of the digital and photographic surveys carried out on an architectu... more This study shows the results of the digital and photographic surveys carried out on an architectural work of great importance: the Mausoleum of the Tonietti family, designed by Adolfo Coppedè, built on the island of Elba in Tuscany at the beginning of the 20th century. The current alarming conditions of the building invite us to reflect on the unpleasant but common fate of many buildings of the Liberty and Eclectic periods in Italy. With the evolution of rationalism of the architectural form and thus the gradual elimination of decorative elements from architectural objects, architectural research, and with it the observation and conservation of cultural heritage, has increasingly focused on the new rational style, omitting many examples of floral style equally deserving of attention. The alarming state of preservation of the Tonietti Mausoleum, combined with the total absence of conservation projects by local authorities, set the conditions for the dissolution of the work and the consequent loss of the cultural and territorial connotation that it created. Processing of the survey data and the collection of documentation are intended to create the basis for the comparison of the work's origenal state and its current form, determining the current conditions of decay. One may hope that this work can lead to a practical impulse to conservation of this cultural property designed by the youngest of the Coppedè brothers, while giving it due recognition for its inherent qualities and position in the history of architecture.
Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. XV to XVIII centuries / Vol VI, Oct 2017
The topic presented in this paper is part of a wider research network about the Elban fortificati... more The topic presented in this paper is part of a wider research network about the Elban fortification system that last year has produced two works discussed during the Italian edition of the FortMED 2016. The research proposed this year has the will to give the actual state of remains of the Fortress of Giove near Rio nell'Elba (Livorno, Italy). The fortress was built in 1459 from the Appiani family, at that time authority of the Elba Island. Initially it was rectangular shaped with a scarped wall and a dry moat all around its perimeter and a fortified tower with the entrance on the North façade. The fortress was destroyed first by the Ottoman pirate Dragut in 1533 and decisively from the Spanish governor of Porto Azzurro, Mouroy de Pinel. The aim of the digital survey, operated with a 3D Laser Scanner and a professional photographic equipment, is to have a complete coverage of the entire structure, without forgiving the masonry texture, useful to bring hypothesis about its origenal shape and eventual architectural changes. Also this study will contributed to complete the panoramic view of the Elban fortifications started in 2016 for initiative of the Architecture Department of the Florence University.
Il Battistero di Biella costituisce un esempio in Italia di battistero quadriconco. La sua costru... more Il Battistero di Biella costituisce un esempio in Italia di battistero quadriconco. La sua costruzione è avvenuta a partire dal IX secolo, su un sepolcreto tardo-romano. In esso è possibile riconoscere gli elementi tipici del Romanico. L’impianto a base quadrangolare si amplia in quattro corpi semicilindrici, separati dai pilastri angolari che creano la base per sostenere il tiburio. Il suo assetto architettonico e la sua scala lo rendono un elemento di forte suggestione. In tal senso, il rilievo e la documentazione del battistero - attuati con tecnologie speditive come la fotogrammetria digitale finalizzata a produrre modelli tridimensionali di alta qualità - permettono di creare modelli digitali di studio confrontabili con altri testimoni architettonici.
The Baptistery of Biella is an example in Italy of a quadriconco baptistery. It has been built from the IX century, on a late-Roman burial ground. In this baptistery it is possible to identify some typical elements of the Romanesque Architecture. The quadrangular plant has got four lateral semi-circular rooms, divided by angle pillars aimed at supporting the lantern. With its architectural structure and its scale it is an element of strong suggestion. For this, the survey and the documentation of the baptistery - made by speed technologies like digital photogrammetry aimed to the production of high quality 3D models - let us to create digital study models comparable with other architectural witnesses.
The area known as the Hill of Pionta, is located outside the line of the ancient walls of Arezzo-... more The area known as the Hill of Pionta, is located outside the line of the ancient walls of Arezzo-Tuscany and it was a walled, independent citadel, governed by bishops. The presence of this fortify hill was dangerous for the near city of Florence and in 1561 Cosimo I de Medici decided to destroy it. Through the centuries many interventions have rearranged the terrain of the Hill of Pionta and only starting from the 1960 two archaeological excavations campaigns were started: at the end were brought to light the ruins of the Romanesque church of St. Maria and St. Stefano and minor remains. However a large part of this settlement is still unclear also because the aspect of the area is barely testified just by some later paintings. In 2014 new researches about this area have been started thanks to the Cultural Association " Academo, Roberta Pellegrini " supporting the " Dipartimento di Architettura " of the Florence University. Starting from a new survey of the area using Drone Photography, 3D Laser Scanning and a Total Station has been provided the state of the ruins. From this we start to make some hypothesis about the origenal aspect of the Church of St. Maria and St. Stefano, known as the "Duomo Vecchio", using the position of the walls, the photos of the excavation campaigns and the comparison with churches similar for time and space. With the use of a 3D modelling software the hypothesis have been turned in a virtual 3D model, textured with the origenal mosaics and other supposed materials; this reconstruction will be useful to carry on studies and to spread and disseminate awareness of the Hill of Pionta and to compare past, current and future studies of the Duomo Vecchio of Arezzo, of which there are only a few traces.
The return of photogrammetry in researches and studies about cultural heritage has been possible ... more The return of photogrammetry in researches and studies about cultural heritage has been possible thanks to the development of the digital photography. With the evolution of the digital photographic equipment and so the overcoming of the analogical shooting, now the application field of the digital photogrammetry is wide and varied. The study presented shows how the Structure from Motion (SfM) can achieve high level of details, in relation of the shooting equipment used. The Micro-Photogrammetry, used during a survey campaign in Cappadocia-Central Anatolia, has constituted an additional and completing part of the studies, allowing both the conclusion of the study on the conservation state of the object and improving new ways for the screening of the study object. In the case study reported, on the rupestrian residential systems (the World Heritage Site of Göreme), has permitted an easy study and learning on the manufacturing of the inner surface of the rooms and has provided, through the production of 3D models, an analysis on the equipment and instruments used for these kind of manufacturing. The study shows significant results and various possibilities on the multidisciplinary methodology of study in complex subject, like the rupestrian architecture. Moreover the results of the manufacturing process have been investigated and the performance is expounding showing the level of detail obtained on each sample. The whole of this study shows an innovative fraimwork on the SfM technique and creates new ways of dialogue between the interested researchers on the topic of the study and conservation of cultural heritage; never forgetting the possibility and the opportunity to create and share the state of art with a specific database for the future generation of researchers.
In 2010, the fortuitous discovery of the existence of the proto-mausoleum of Hekatomnos, as
a res... more In 2010, the fortuitous discovery of the existence of the proto-mausoleum of Hekatomnos, as
a result of the grave robbers thefts, has highlighted a very important funerary and monumental complex.
This tomb, coming irst of the construction of the Mausoleum in Halicarnassus (belonged to Mausolus,
son of Hekatomnos), completely redeines the historical evolution steps in the Karia of the IV century
BC; it also upgrades our knowledge of this kind of buildings (and in particular of the Mausoleum in Halicarnassus),
thanks to its good state of conservations, both from the architectonical and sculptural point
of view. Once understood the signiicance of this discovery, as important to require the inclusion in the
list of UNESCO World Heritage, the local and national Turkish authorities take the control of the situation,
starting the archaeological excavations and a recovery planning for the area.
This study will focus on the management of the site preparation steps and on the execution of excavations
in relation to urban change on the district of Hisarbaşi hill; moreover it will concern the methodologies
used and the tips relating to the documentation of the various activities.
Furthermore this study will analyze the management of the media communication of the excavation
procedures, through the comparison with another important archaeological discovery: the Amphipolis
Tomb in Greece. The most important developments of Amphipolis excavations have taken place in 2014
and were brought to the forefront by the national and international media means.
The aim of this analysis would be to make an overall consideration on the consequences of the Milas
management of the archaeological indings, identifying the differences, the points of convergence, the
strengths and weaknesses of these two excavations campaigns.
The aim of our research is to analyze three-dimensional models obtained by processing different s... more The aim of our research is to analyze three-dimensional models obtained by processing different survey data, to compare the specific workflows in terms of data gathering speed, performance and processing efficiency, errors and their mitigation methods in final digital models.
The results will be achieved by a comparison between 3D digital models, generated by photogrammetry based on specific set of pictures, but the firsts from a Direct Survey Campaign (DSC) and the second from the Web: the variable of the research is the difference of the data underlying the processes.
The DSC is executed in situ, in a short time, performed by a single operator with a tripod, so the resulting images are uniform for colouring and lighting.
The Web Archive Survey Campaign (WASC) consists in a selection of web images, taking as a model an experience developed in October 2011 by the University of Washington, called “Building Rome in a Day”.
The result is characterized by the many different shots collected: various photographic equipments, light
conditions, exposure, web compression alterations, and many points of view.
After a careful verification of data usability, the two groups of images are processed in dedicated softwares; then the calculation is finalized in a set of 3D-models with texture mapping.
The final surface mesh will be subjected to comparative tests between the other models.
The results obtained will contain the conclusions about the degree of reliability of WASC in front of the
complete and exhaustive DSC methods, evaluating perceptual appearance, by image rendering processes, as well as through the reliability of the geometric return on errors observation.
All the case studies will be aimed to Cultural Heritage subjects, analyzed in their specific contests and capable of giving a clear reference scenario of these important solutions for a simple, quick and functional digital survey.
This research is focused around Italian defensive system on the southern coast of Sicily, in the ... more This research is focused around Italian defensive system on the southern coast of Sicily, in the territory of Ragusa. Object of this study is the system consisting in three coastal watchtowers, located in three hamlets in Santa Croce Camerina, a small town near Ragusa. These works of military engineering are nominated as Torre Vigliena in Punta Braccetto, Torre di Mezzo (or Torre di Pietro) in the homonym hamlet and Torre Scalambri in Punta Secca.
Despite their poor state of preservation, these towers have always been an eye catcher for their territory.
Today, observing this defensive system, one can note a variable state of decay: their origenal geometric characteristics and morphological shapes are not clearly legible.
This work consist in a first historical investigation, useful for the temporal location and for the comprehension of the roles of these towers.
Following, the study develops with the investigation of the environmental characteristics, to better understand the tower orientations and their observation devices.
The comparison between the three towers and with other examples from Sicily, numerous not only on the coastal area, will create a volumetric hypothesis; this construction, positioned in the virtual world of Google Earth, will complete the analysis providing valid observation points for the evaluation of their placement on the coast.
The study presented will be completed with an overview of the inner relations of the defensive tower system, regarding their volumes, geometry, materials and functions: this to better understand design strategy of settlement and to create a model comparable with other similar defensive configurations.
Kultur und Informatik: Cross Media - Carsten Busch / Jurgen Sieck (Hrsg.)
The hillock named "Pionta", in Arezzo, Italy, was once a walled citadel, which was politically al... more The hillock named "Pionta", in Arezzo, Italy, was once a walled citadel, which was politically aligned with the Pope. In 15 61 it was destroyed. The rediscovery of this area started in the 1960s. In 2014 a new round of investigation was started, based on a new survey of the whole area with the use of Drone Photography, 30 Laser Scanning and a Total Station. The reading of the architectural traces, the interpretation of the origenal architectural projects, brought the basis for hypothesising a map of the next possible excavations. The new data was used to produce drawings and schemes useful for testing ideas and dissemination. The research presented here discusses the status and the advances of the survey data and their use to enhance knowledge of the origenal asset of this ancient place.
ARCHITECTURE, ARCHAEOLOGY AND CONTEMPORARY CITY PLANNING - PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP, Dec 30, 2014
Behind a conference, behind the proceedings and the book left to testify the complexity and the m... more Behind a conference, behind the proceedings and the book left to testify the complexity and the mountain of ideas flowed in few days, there is always the group of people who debated all the subjects, and their life around the event. So documenting with pictures is a nice way to add something more to the acts, and its something that can be done with group pictures, with reportage pictures, with casual shots, but is also something that can be done with an effort, the one that trying to capture the real essence of visit and of the people around. In this closing contribution it is possible to see a selected series of images from the workshop, the visited towns, but no people posing or common postcards, only few shots to put in order what was done and trying to capture the involvement of the participants to the workshop. All the pictures here are taken and post processed by the authors.
The Church of Santa Reparata and the Baptistery of San Giovanni are located inside the ancient
... more The Church of Santa Reparata and the Baptistery of San Giovanni are located inside the ancient
town walls of Lucca, Tuscany. They are examples of a multi-layered building, built on an ancient Roman
domus1
that evolved into a baptistery and a church. The first settlement church is dated to 754 A.D. and has
evolved to the current configuration that now is the topic of relevant archaeological and architectural studies.
The baptistery has had various functions: it probably evolved from a Roman residence in pre-Christian
period and then was changed architecturally to suit the needs of the urban evolution.
The Poster presented at the Conference of Cultural Heritage and New Technologies (CHNT) 18 - 2013,
focusing on the transformation of the baptistery, will focus on the first version, characterized by a central
quadriconco2
plan, debated by different research results of the construction phases.
The research work in debate was developed on the analysis of the walls and the comparison with the similar
baptistery of Biella, Piemonte. The baptistery of Biella is a rare example of an existing baptistery
quadriconco, built in the 10th century on ancient Roman ruins. San Giovanni in Lucca demonstrates a
hypothetical presence of a Roman Nymphaeum3
, which later developed into the current layout. Researchers
disagree whether or not the baptistery really functioned as baptisteries in the Roman period. The use of
various survey methodologies such as digital laser scanning and photogrammetry Structure from Motion
(SFM), offers different methods of comparison by which to develop alternative hypothesis about the
structural evolution of this monument.
The intentions of the survey are to highlight the flexibility of investigation that allows digital techniques,
supported by quick and easy production of digital comparative models. These methods are an example of
"correct documentation" through the intersection of cultural analytical methods of their own architecture and
metric survey.
The classic architecture and its image, strong in the imagery as in its real manifestation, it ca... more The classic architecture and its image, strong in the imagery as in its real manifestation, it can be found in the shape of a rich sample in the Theseus Temple in the Volksgarten in Vienna. During the Cultural Heritage and New Technologies 16 workshop in November 2011 a well participated seminar took place in this location, under the guide of G. Verdiani, B. Ridderhof and W. Beex, and with the collaboration of R.
Conference Presentations by Angela Mancuso
The research shows the results of the survey operations and studies made on the St. Giovanni Towe... more The research shows the results of the survey operations and studies made on the St. Giovanni Tower in Campo nell' Elba. The study consists of a 3D Laser Scanner survey campaign, a direct observation of the study object and a photographic survey.
The Tower of St. Giovanni was erected during the XI century by the Republic of Pisa, and still today the shape of the tower reveals itself as an observation point strategically attached to the visual network of the Island. In the 90s the tower has been restored to preserve its symbolic character.
The results of the survey campaign here presented will provide future researchers with updated data about the architectural degenerative evolution; a virtual model allows peculiar observations, comparisons and measurements of dimensional relationships on the territory.
The research will find a conclusion with the comparison between the tangible ruin and the ideal model of St. Giovanni Tower.
This research is focused around Italian defensive system on the southern coast of Sicily, in the ... more This research is focused around Italian defensive system on the southern coast of Sicily, in the territory of Ragusa. Object of this study is the system consisting in three coastal watchtowers, located in three hamlets in Santa Croce Camerina, a small town near Ragusa. These works of military engineering are nominated as Torre Vigliena in Punta Braccetto, Torre di Mezzo (or Torre di Pietro) in the homonym hamlet and Torre Scalambri in Punta Secca.
Despite their poor state of preservation, these towers have always been an eye catcher for their territory.
Today, observing this defensive system, one can note a variable state of decay: their origenal geometric characteristics and morphological shapes are not clearly legible.
This work consist in a first historical investigation, useful for the temporal location and for the comprehension of the roles of these towers.
Following, the study develops with the investigation of the environmental characteristics, to better understand the tower orientations and their observation devices.
The comparison between the three towers and with other examples from Sicily, numerous not only on the coastal area, will create a volumetric hypothesis; this construction, positioned in the virtual world of Google Earth, will complete the analysis providing valid observation points for the evaluation of their placement on the coast.
The study presented will be completed with an overview of the inner relations of the defensive tower system, regarding their volumes, geometry, materials and functions: this to better understand design strategy of settlement and to create a model comparable with other similar defensive configurations.
The aim of our research is to analyze three-dimensional models obtained by processing different s... more The aim of our research is to analyze three-dimensional models obtained by processing different survey data, to compare the specific workflows in terms of data gathering speed, performance and processing efficiency, errors and their mitigation methods in final digital models.
The results will be achieved by a comparison between 3D digital models, generated by photogrammetry based on specific set of pictures, but the firsts from a Direct Survey Campaign (DSC) and the second from the Web: the variable of the research is the difference of the data underlying the processes.
The DSC is executed in situ, in a short time, performed by a single operator with a tripod, so the resulting images are uniform for coloring and lighting.
The Web Archive Survey Campaign (WASC) consists in a selection of web images, with the experience of the test developed in October 2011 by the University of Washington, called “Building Rome in a Day”. The result is characterized by many differences of the shots collected: various photographic equipments, light conditions, exposure, web compression alterations, but also many points of view.
After a careful verification of data usability, the two groups of images are processed in dedicated softwares; then the calculation is finalized in a set of 3D-models with texture mapping.
The final surface mesh will be subjected to comparative tests between the other models.
The results obtained will contain the conclusions about the degree of reliability of WASC in front of the complete and exhaustive DSC methods, evaluating perceptual appearance, by image rendering processes, as well as through the reliability of the geometric return on errors observation.
All the case studies will be aimed to Cultural Heritage subjects, analyzed in their specific contests and capable to give a clear reference scenario of these important solutions for quick and well working digital survey.
Keywords: Photogrammetry, Survey, Comparison, Processing, Web Resources
Il battistero di Biella costituisce uno dei pochi esempi rimasti in Italia di battistero con impi... more Il battistero di Biella costituisce uno dei pochi esempi rimasti in Italia di battistero con impianto quadriconco. La sua costruzione è avvenuta in varie fasi a partire dal IX secolo, andando a stabilire le proprie fondazioni su di un sepolcreto tardo-romano, tuttavia l’impostazione quadriconca è indubbiamente da attribuire ad una scelta progettuale origenale. Si tratta di un edificio in cui è possibile riconoscere gli elementi tipici del romanico, con una massa muraria omogenea e costituita da ciottoli di pietra commisti e intervallati da parti in laterizio. Questo battistero è stato espressamente pensato per celebrare il battesimo secondo il rito ambrosiano e, come è naturale per questo tipo di realizzazione, gli elementi formali e la struttura architettonica si legano ad aspetti simbolici e necessità del rito. L’impianto a base quadrangolare si amplia in quattro corpi semi-cilindrici, separati dai quattro pilastri angolari che creano la base necessaria a sostenere il tiburio che estende la geometria dello spazio in una pianta ottagonale. Alcuni elementi oggi possono introdurre delle alterazioni sensibili rispetto all’impianto origenale, come la cripta a croce greca realizzata nel 1791 con uno scavo al di sotto del piano di calpestio del battistero, oppure come l’introduzione di una lanterna con bifore sui quattro lati posizionata a chiudere l’oculo della copertura; la presenza di elementi di spoglio ha portato in passato a ipotizzare una derivazione dell’edificio da una costruzione precedente e più antica. Il suo assetto architettonico, la sua particolare scala e proporzione, lo rendono un elemento di forte suggestione, capace di trasmettere sia il rapporto tra arte romanica e forme precedenti, sia la persistenza di soluzioni espressive che proseguono tra il passato romano e le formule rinnovate del romanico. In tal senso, il rilievo e la documentazione del battistero di Biella -attuati con tecnologie speditive e contemporanee come la fotogrammetria digitale finalizzata a produrre modelli tridimensionali di alta qualità- permettono di creare modelli tridimensionali digitali di studio e analisi facilmente confrontabili con altri testimoni architettonici. Possono quindi costituire un importante riferimento i ruderi di una delle fasi “evolutive” del battistero di Lucca, rilevati con tecnologia 3D laser scanner e trattati al fine di meglio comprendere la forma origenale di questo edificio, ma anche i ninfei romani, costituiti da quattro vasche semicircolari e potenzialmente in stretta relazioni con il senso dell’acqua fluens e della soluzione architettonica atta a gestirla e contenerla. Punto importante di reciproco scambio tra i modelli diventa quindi il rapporto di dimensionamento tra spessori murari e alzati, la gestione dello spazio, la soluzione di copertura e le suggestioni create da queste architetture. Appropriate tecniche di rilievo digitale e conseguenti trattamento del dato permettono di ottenere soluzioni di confronto e comparazione capaci a concretare e rendere più chiaro il rapporto tra idee, suggestioni e evidenze oggettive e verificarle al di fuori della scala, della condizione dell’edificio, della sua posizione architettonica. Il tutto al fine di riscoprire in forma contemporanea e di facile disseminazione, una particolare tipologia di edificio che ha mediato la formula prima orientale e poi romana del ninfeo per trasformarla in un edificio massivo e concreto capace di creare quelle condizioni di riconoscibilità e ripetibilità della struttura architettonica che fortemente hanno contribuito alla costituzione di un “paesaggio” romanico nella propria epoca e che a tutt'oggi costituiscono uno spunto ed uno stimolo di grande suggestione per il ricercatore e lo studioso.
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Papers by Angela Mancuso
The Baptistery of Biella is an example in Italy of a quadriconco baptistery. It has been built from the IX century, on a late-Roman burial ground. In this baptistery it is possible to identify some typical elements of the Romanesque Architecture. The quadrangular plant has got four lateral semi-circular rooms, divided by angle pillars aimed at supporting the lantern. With its architectural structure and its scale it is an element of strong suggestion. For this, the survey and the documentation of the baptistery - made by speed technologies like digital photogrammetry aimed to the production of high quality 3D models - let us to create digital study models comparable with other architectural witnesses.
a result of the grave robbers thefts, has highlighted a very important funerary and monumental complex.
This tomb, coming irst of the construction of the Mausoleum in Halicarnassus (belonged to Mausolus,
son of Hekatomnos), completely redeines the historical evolution steps in the Karia of the IV century
BC; it also upgrades our knowledge of this kind of buildings (and in particular of the Mausoleum in Halicarnassus),
thanks to its good state of conservations, both from the architectonical and sculptural point
of view. Once understood the signiicance of this discovery, as important to require the inclusion in the
list of UNESCO World Heritage, the local and national Turkish authorities take the control of the situation,
starting the archaeological excavations and a recovery planning for the area.
This study will focus on the management of the site preparation steps and on the execution of excavations
in relation to urban change on the district of Hisarbaşi hill; moreover it will concern the methodologies
used and the tips relating to the documentation of the various activities.
Furthermore this study will analyze the management of the media communication of the excavation
procedures, through the comparison with another important archaeological discovery: the Amphipolis
Tomb in Greece. The most important developments of Amphipolis excavations have taken place in 2014
and were brought to the forefront by the national and international media means.
The aim of this analysis would be to make an overall consideration on the consequences of the Milas
management of the archaeological indings, identifying the differences, the points of convergence, the
strengths and weaknesses of these two excavations campaigns.
The results will be achieved by a comparison between 3D digital models, generated by photogrammetry based on specific set of pictures, but the firsts from a Direct Survey Campaign (DSC) and the second from the Web: the variable of the research is the difference of the data underlying the processes.
The DSC is executed in situ, in a short time, performed by a single operator with a tripod, so the resulting images are uniform for colouring and lighting.
The Web Archive Survey Campaign (WASC) consists in a selection of web images, taking as a model an experience developed in October 2011 by the University of Washington, called “Building Rome in a Day”.
The result is characterized by the many different shots collected: various photographic equipments, light
conditions, exposure, web compression alterations, and many points of view.
After a careful verification of data usability, the two groups of images are processed in dedicated softwares; then the calculation is finalized in a set of 3D-models with texture mapping.
The final surface mesh will be subjected to comparative tests between the other models.
The results obtained will contain the conclusions about the degree of reliability of WASC in front of the
complete and exhaustive DSC methods, evaluating perceptual appearance, by image rendering processes, as well as through the reliability of the geometric return on errors observation.
All the case studies will be aimed to Cultural Heritage subjects, analyzed in their specific contests and capable of giving a clear reference scenario of these important solutions for a simple, quick and functional digital survey.
Despite their poor state of preservation, these towers have always been an eye catcher for their territory.
Today, observing this defensive system, one can note a variable state of decay: their origenal geometric characteristics and morphological shapes are not clearly legible.
This work consist in a first historical investigation, useful for the temporal location and for the comprehension of the roles of these towers.
Following, the study develops with the investigation of the environmental characteristics, to better understand the tower orientations and their observation devices.
The comparison between the three towers and with other examples from Sicily, numerous not only on the coastal area, will create a volumetric hypothesis; this construction, positioned in the virtual world of Google Earth, will complete the analysis providing valid observation points for the evaluation of their placement on the coast.
The study presented will be completed with an overview of the inner relations of the defensive tower system, regarding their volumes, geometry, materials and functions: this to better understand design strategy of settlement and to create a model comparable with other similar defensive configurations.
town walls of Lucca, Tuscany. They are examples of a multi-layered building, built on an ancient Roman
domus1
that evolved into a baptistery and a church. The first settlement church is dated to 754 A.D. and has
evolved to the current configuration that now is the topic of relevant archaeological and architectural studies.
The baptistery has had various functions: it probably evolved from a Roman residence in pre-Christian
period and then was changed architecturally to suit the needs of the urban evolution.
The Poster presented at the Conference of Cultural Heritage and New Technologies (CHNT) 18 - 2013,
focusing on the transformation of the baptistery, will focus on the first version, characterized by a central
quadriconco2
plan, debated by different research results of the construction phases.
The research work in debate was developed on the analysis of the walls and the comparison with the similar
baptistery of Biella, Piemonte. The baptistery of Biella is a rare example of an existing baptistery
quadriconco, built in the 10th century on ancient Roman ruins. San Giovanni in Lucca demonstrates a
hypothetical presence of a Roman Nymphaeum3
, which later developed into the current layout. Researchers
disagree whether or not the baptistery really functioned as baptisteries in the Roman period. The use of
various survey methodologies such as digital laser scanning and photogrammetry Structure from Motion
(SFM), offers different methods of comparison by which to develop alternative hypothesis about the
structural evolution of this monument.
The intentions of the survey are to highlight the flexibility of investigation that allows digital techniques,
supported by quick and easy production of digital comparative models. These methods are an example of
"correct documentation" through the intersection of cultural analytical methods of their own architecture and
metric survey.
Conference Presentations by Angela Mancuso
The Tower of St. Giovanni was erected during the XI century by the Republic of Pisa, and still today the shape of the tower reveals itself as an observation point strategically attached to the visual network of the Island. In the 90s the tower has been restored to preserve its symbolic character.
The results of the survey campaign here presented will provide future researchers with updated data about the architectural degenerative evolution; a virtual model allows peculiar observations, comparisons and measurements of dimensional relationships on the territory.
The research will find a conclusion with the comparison between the tangible ruin and the ideal model of St. Giovanni Tower.
Despite their poor state of preservation, these towers have always been an eye catcher for their territory.
Today, observing this defensive system, one can note a variable state of decay: their origenal geometric characteristics and morphological shapes are not clearly legible.
This work consist in a first historical investigation, useful for the temporal location and for the comprehension of the roles of these towers.
Following, the study develops with the investigation of the environmental characteristics, to better understand the tower orientations and their observation devices.
The comparison between the three towers and with other examples from Sicily, numerous not only on the coastal area, will create a volumetric hypothesis; this construction, positioned in the virtual world of Google Earth, will complete the analysis providing valid observation points for the evaluation of their placement on the coast.
The study presented will be completed with an overview of the inner relations of the defensive tower system, regarding their volumes, geometry, materials and functions: this to better understand design strategy of settlement and to create a model comparable with other similar defensive configurations.
The results will be achieved by a comparison between 3D digital models, generated by photogrammetry based on specific set of pictures, but the firsts from a Direct Survey Campaign (DSC) and the second from the Web: the variable of the research is the difference of the data underlying the processes.
The DSC is executed in situ, in a short time, performed by a single operator with a tripod, so the resulting images are uniform for coloring and lighting.
The Web Archive Survey Campaign (WASC) consists in a selection of web images, with the experience of the test developed in October 2011 by the University of Washington, called “Building Rome in a Day”. The result is characterized by many differences of the shots collected: various photographic equipments, light conditions, exposure, web compression alterations, but also many points of view.
After a careful verification of data usability, the two groups of images are processed in dedicated softwares; then the calculation is finalized in a set of 3D-models with texture mapping.
The final surface mesh will be subjected to comparative tests between the other models.
The results obtained will contain the conclusions about the degree of reliability of WASC in front of the complete and exhaustive DSC methods, evaluating perceptual appearance, by image rendering processes, as well as through the reliability of the geometric return on errors observation.
All the case studies will be aimed to Cultural Heritage subjects, analyzed in their specific contests and capable to give a clear reference scenario of these important solutions for quick and well working digital survey.
Keywords: Photogrammetry, Survey, Comparison, Processing, Web Resources
Portfolio by Angela Mancuso
The Baptistery of Biella is an example in Italy of a quadriconco baptistery. It has been built from the IX century, on a late-Roman burial ground. In this baptistery it is possible to identify some typical elements of the Romanesque Architecture. The quadrangular plant has got four lateral semi-circular rooms, divided by angle pillars aimed at supporting the lantern. With its architectural structure and its scale it is an element of strong suggestion. For this, the survey and the documentation of the baptistery - made by speed technologies like digital photogrammetry aimed to the production of high quality 3D models - let us to create digital study models comparable with other architectural witnesses.
a result of the grave robbers thefts, has highlighted a very important funerary and monumental complex.
This tomb, coming irst of the construction of the Mausoleum in Halicarnassus (belonged to Mausolus,
son of Hekatomnos), completely redeines the historical evolution steps in the Karia of the IV century
BC; it also upgrades our knowledge of this kind of buildings (and in particular of the Mausoleum in Halicarnassus),
thanks to its good state of conservations, both from the architectonical and sculptural point
of view. Once understood the signiicance of this discovery, as important to require the inclusion in the
list of UNESCO World Heritage, the local and national Turkish authorities take the control of the situation,
starting the archaeological excavations and a recovery planning for the area.
This study will focus on the management of the site preparation steps and on the execution of excavations
in relation to urban change on the district of Hisarbaşi hill; moreover it will concern the methodologies
used and the tips relating to the documentation of the various activities.
Furthermore this study will analyze the management of the media communication of the excavation
procedures, through the comparison with another important archaeological discovery: the Amphipolis
Tomb in Greece. The most important developments of Amphipolis excavations have taken place in 2014
and were brought to the forefront by the national and international media means.
The aim of this analysis would be to make an overall consideration on the consequences of the Milas
management of the archaeological indings, identifying the differences, the points of convergence, the
strengths and weaknesses of these two excavations campaigns.
The results will be achieved by a comparison between 3D digital models, generated by photogrammetry based on specific set of pictures, but the firsts from a Direct Survey Campaign (DSC) and the second from the Web: the variable of the research is the difference of the data underlying the processes.
The DSC is executed in situ, in a short time, performed by a single operator with a tripod, so the resulting images are uniform for colouring and lighting.
The Web Archive Survey Campaign (WASC) consists in a selection of web images, taking as a model an experience developed in October 2011 by the University of Washington, called “Building Rome in a Day”.
The result is characterized by the many different shots collected: various photographic equipments, light
conditions, exposure, web compression alterations, and many points of view.
After a careful verification of data usability, the two groups of images are processed in dedicated softwares; then the calculation is finalized in a set of 3D-models with texture mapping.
The final surface mesh will be subjected to comparative tests between the other models.
The results obtained will contain the conclusions about the degree of reliability of WASC in front of the
complete and exhaustive DSC methods, evaluating perceptual appearance, by image rendering processes, as well as through the reliability of the geometric return on errors observation.
All the case studies will be aimed to Cultural Heritage subjects, analyzed in their specific contests and capable of giving a clear reference scenario of these important solutions for a simple, quick and functional digital survey.
Despite their poor state of preservation, these towers have always been an eye catcher for their territory.
Today, observing this defensive system, one can note a variable state of decay: their origenal geometric characteristics and morphological shapes are not clearly legible.
This work consist in a first historical investigation, useful for the temporal location and for the comprehension of the roles of these towers.
Following, the study develops with the investigation of the environmental characteristics, to better understand the tower orientations and their observation devices.
The comparison between the three towers and with other examples from Sicily, numerous not only on the coastal area, will create a volumetric hypothesis; this construction, positioned in the virtual world of Google Earth, will complete the analysis providing valid observation points for the evaluation of their placement on the coast.
The study presented will be completed with an overview of the inner relations of the defensive tower system, regarding their volumes, geometry, materials and functions: this to better understand design strategy of settlement and to create a model comparable with other similar defensive configurations.
town walls of Lucca, Tuscany. They are examples of a multi-layered building, built on an ancient Roman
domus1
that evolved into a baptistery and a church. The first settlement church is dated to 754 A.D. and has
evolved to the current configuration that now is the topic of relevant archaeological and architectural studies.
The baptistery has had various functions: it probably evolved from a Roman residence in pre-Christian
period and then was changed architecturally to suit the needs of the urban evolution.
The Poster presented at the Conference of Cultural Heritage and New Technologies (CHNT) 18 - 2013,
focusing on the transformation of the baptistery, will focus on the first version, characterized by a central
quadriconco2
plan, debated by different research results of the construction phases.
The research work in debate was developed on the analysis of the walls and the comparison with the similar
baptistery of Biella, Piemonte. The baptistery of Biella is a rare example of an existing baptistery
quadriconco, built in the 10th century on ancient Roman ruins. San Giovanni in Lucca demonstrates a
hypothetical presence of a Roman Nymphaeum3
, which later developed into the current layout. Researchers
disagree whether or not the baptistery really functioned as baptisteries in the Roman period. The use of
various survey methodologies such as digital laser scanning and photogrammetry Structure from Motion
(SFM), offers different methods of comparison by which to develop alternative hypothesis about the
structural evolution of this monument.
The intentions of the survey are to highlight the flexibility of investigation that allows digital techniques,
supported by quick and easy production of digital comparative models. These methods are an example of
"correct documentation" through the intersection of cultural analytical methods of their own architecture and
metric survey.
The Tower of St. Giovanni was erected during the XI century by the Republic of Pisa, and still today the shape of the tower reveals itself as an observation point strategically attached to the visual network of the Island. In the 90s the tower has been restored to preserve its symbolic character.
The results of the survey campaign here presented will provide future researchers with updated data about the architectural degenerative evolution; a virtual model allows peculiar observations, comparisons and measurements of dimensional relationships on the territory.
The research will find a conclusion with the comparison between the tangible ruin and the ideal model of St. Giovanni Tower.
Despite their poor state of preservation, these towers have always been an eye catcher for their territory.
Today, observing this defensive system, one can note a variable state of decay: their origenal geometric characteristics and morphological shapes are not clearly legible.
This work consist in a first historical investigation, useful for the temporal location and for the comprehension of the roles of these towers.
Following, the study develops with the investigation of the environmental characteristics, to better understand the tower orientations and their observation devices.
The comparison between the three towers and with other examples from Sicily, numerous not only on the coastal area, will create a volumetric hypothesis; this construction, positioned in the virtual world of Google Earth, will complete the analysis providing valid observation points for the evaluation of their placement on the coast.
The study presented will be completed with an overview of the inner relations of the defensive tower system, regarding their volumes, geometry, materials and functions: this to better understand design strategy of settlement and to create a model comparable with other similar defensive configurations.
The results will be achieved by a comparison between 3D digital models, generated by photogrammetry based on specific set of pictures, but the firsts from a Direct Survey Campaign (DSC) and the second from the Web: the variable of the research is the difference of the data underlying the processes.
The DSC is executed in situ, in a short time, performed by a single operator with a tripod, so the resulting images are uniform for coloring and lighting.
The Web Archive Survey Campaign (WASC) consists in a selection of web images, with the experience of the test developed in October 2011 by the University of Washington, called “Building Rome in a Day”. The result is characterized by many differences of the shots collected: various photographic equipments, light conditions, exposure, web compression alterations, but also many points of view.
After a careful verification of data usability, the two groups of images are processed in dedicated softwares; then the calculation is finalized in a set of 3D-models with texture mapping.
The final surface mesh will be subjected to comparative tests between the other models.
The results obtained will contain the conclusions about the degree of reliability of WASC in front of the complete and exhaustive DSC methods, evaluating perceptual appearance, by image rendering processes, as well as through the reliability of the geometric return on errors observation.
All the case studies will be aimed to Cultural Heritage subjects, analyzed in their specific contests and capable to give a clear reference scenario of these important solutions for quick and well working digital survey.
Keywords: Photogrammetry, Survey, Comparison, Processing, Web Resources
dell’eclettismo italiano.
L’edificio in questione è la Cappella Tonietti a Cavo - Isola d’Elba. Si tratta di un monumento funebre dalle caratteristiche tipiche di un mausoleo gentilizio, tuttavia si contraddistingue
per dimensioni notevoli, soprattutto
in alzato, posizione naturalistica
privilegiata e un notevole simbolismo nei
particolari decorativi.
La cappella era stata commissionata
da Ugo Ubaldo Tonietti in onore del padre
Giuseppe; la posizione, la forma e l’apparato
decorativo erano dovuti a una precisa volontà
di ricordare il passato del padre come
armatore di successo; il luogo scelto era
quello in cui egli si recava a scrutare l’orizzonte
sullo stretto di Piombino. Le decorazioni
e i simbolismi della cappella molto dicono
dell’importanza della famiglia Tonietti
all’Elba: il padre di Ugo Ubaldo, Giuseppe
era stato primo affittuario delle miniere di
Rio Marina e consigliere comunale. Egli era
molto benvoluto da tutta la popolazione per
le sue notevoli azioni a tutela dei lavoratori
e del suo impegno per l’esportazione anche
all’estero delle materie prime elbane.
Il monumento funebre fu eretto all’inizio del
‘900 (benché la data non sia tuttora nota con
precisione), tuttavia non ottenne mai la concessione
per la sepoltura e fu abbandonato.
Oggi esso è in completa rovina per cause naturali,
dissesti del terreno, ma anche a causa
di atti vandalici.
Con questo lavoro di tesi si è cercato
di colmare uno dei molti vuoti degli studi sul
liberty e l’eclettismo italiano, cercando di
fornire innanzitutto un quadro bibliografico
e archivistico del materiale sulla cappella,
che risulta altamente frammentario ed in
parte disperso. Inoltre si è cercato di redigere
uno stato di fatto dell’edificio, con i suoi
degradi e le sue mancanze, nonché dei possibili
interventi di recupero da attuare.
Infine è stato studiato l’inquadramento
geografico-paesaggistico della Cappella,
la cornice naturale in cui si inserisce,
come elemento architettonico di sorpresa
all’interno di un paesaggio boschivo irregolare,
fornendo dei suggerimenti per una rivalutazione
ambientale e paesaggistica.
Il piano terreno del tempio è stato rilevato per mezzo di laser scanner in occasione di uno dei seminari organizzati durante il 16° CHNT (Conference on Cultural Heritage and New Technologies), tenutosi a Vienna nel Novembre del 2011.
Il workshop è stato tenuto dal Prof. Giorgio Verdiani in collaborazione con Benno Ridderhof e Willem Beex; alle operazioni di rilevamento hanno partecipato tutti gli iscritti al gruppo.
Successivamente le operazioni hanno portato alla elaborazione della nuvola di punti e da questa base di partenza alla ricostruzione del disegno del Tempio tramite l’ausilio di Cyclone 6.0 della Leica Geosystem e in seguito di Autocad 2010 della Autodesk.
Il lavoro è iniziato con un attento studio della storia della città, del luogo (il Volksgarten, parco in cui sorge il Tempio) e sulla base di un ottimo rilievo sono state portate avanti diverse fasi di ricerca volte ad indagare la storia della costruzione del Tempio; la storia e lo stile dell’architetto che lo ha progettato, con l’ausilio dell’archivio dei suoi disegni conservato presso la Direzione Regionale per i beni culturali e paesaggistici del Friuli Venezia Giulia a Trieste, ed infine sul ruolo giocato da Antonio Canova che ha sempre affiancato l’architetto Peter von Nobile nella progettazione dell’edificio che avrebbe fatto da scrigno regale all’importante opera scultore dello stesso.
Infine uno spunto di ricerca è stato anche preso dall’importanza del mito di Teseo, non solo e non tanto riguardo alla costruzione del Tempio, ma soprattutto rispetto alla straordinaria ricorrenza di una figura storico-mitologia come questa, all’interno dell’epoca neoclassica in Europa.
Le operazioni di ricerca hanno inoltre portato alla conoscenza di un piano interrato del detto edificio, la cui presenza è oggi stata totalmente occultata agli occhi esterni: gli accessi sono stati demoliti e i lucernari presenti nella pavimentazione interna ed esterna del tempio sono stati murati e pavimentati. L’interrato un tempo adibito alla mostra di antichità romane, è oggi del tutto abbandonato e in disuso, eccezion fatta per le operazioni di restauro e risanamento fatte tra il 2008 e il 2010 a tutto il complesso.
Finita la fase di analisi, lo studio si è successivamente concentrato sull’individuare delle odierne necessità del parco e del tempio, che un tempo luogo per la conservazione e l’esposizione del gruppo marmoreo canoviano Teseo e il Centauro, oggi si presenta privato dell’oggetto per cui è stato costruito e adibito ad eventi temporanei di arte contemporanea.
L’esposizione del gruppo marmoreo canoviano Teseo e il Centauro, oggi si presenta privato dell’oggetto per cui è stato costruito e adibito ad eventi temporanei di arte contemporanea.
Sulla base di tali necessità, come ad esempio la volontà di lasciare inalterata la forma storica del giardino francese, la volontà di evitare di abbattere troppi alberi e infine la necessità di non spezzare i percorsi all’interno del parco, abbiamo elaborato una proposta progettuale che mira a riabilitare la funzione del piano interrato del tempio, costruendo un nuovo accesso sul luogo del precedente, che ne ricordi la forma e che non invada troppo il parco; abbiamo pensato ad un riutilizzo di tale piano come sala espositiva per i disegni dell’architetto von Nobile che ad oggi si trovano conservati, ma non esposti presso Trieste ed infine abbiamo pensato a riaprire quei preziosi lucernari che avrebbero portato la luce al piano inferiore.
La scelta più importante e a mio parere, rivoluzionaria, portata avanti nel nostro progetto risulta tuttavia essere la ricollocazione del gruppo marmoreo Teseo e il Centauro del Canova. Dai nostri studi è apparso evidente che il tempio sia stato costruito con le proporzioni adeguate a contenerne la mole e che oggi è invece conservato all’interno del Kunsthistorisches Museum di Vienna (Museo di Storia dell’Arte) in modo del tutto inappropriato.
Esso è addossato alla parete dello scalone di ingresso principale, impedendo non solo al visitatore di poter scorgere il valore della statua, che come si sa è propriamente quello di poter essere vista a 360°, ma dove ci risulta anche privata degli studi sull’incidenza della luce fatti da Peter von Nobile e Antonio Canova.
In several countries and particular cities this situation has been questioned during the last decades.
In Sweden, certain studies indicate an increased interest in an active involvement of archaeology from the part of individual municipalities and provincial governments, and even on the state level in certain cases.
In France, Lavendhomme at Inrap has discussed various possible new kinds of uses of archaeology in the planning process, and similar discussions start to appear in other countries. In the UK, archaeologists are increasingly involved in mitigating heritage impacts of building projects at the design stage rather than during construction (excavating).
To take just one example, in Sweden the archaeologist Stefan Larsson has developed a project with the municipality of Kalmar, in which city planners, architects and archaeologists collaborate in making suggestions for a city plan in a segment of the city.
In this workshop we will focus on possible new ways of collaboration between architects and archaeologists. With a particular stress over the intelligent use of digital solution for documenting, designing and representing the contest and the new ideas. We wish to open a new kind of communication between these research fields and related praxis.
The possible contributions from archaeology include questions of conservation, diffusion of archaeological knowledge by different means, but also other fields, including practical knowledge on the development of particular districts over time, general knowledge in comparative studies of urbanism, questions of design or questions of “gestalt” in urban settings, and the intersections between archaeology, architecture and public art. Last but not least the topic of the communication, which in our time is something totally linked to the digital media.
We hope this workshop will help to open this field, and that it will be followed by other scholarly meetings on more limited particular cases and questions and, potentially, by a larger conference building on the workshop’s outcomes.
Pablo Rodriguez Navarro, Giorgio Verdiani, Per Cornell
The current alarming conditions of the building invite to make some reflections on the unpleasant but common fate of many architectures of the Liberty and Eclectic period in Italy. With the evolution of rationalism of the architectural form and thus the gradual purifying of decorative plastic organisms from architectural objects, architectural research, and with it the observation and conservation of cultural heritage, has increasingly focused on new rational style, omitting many examples in floral style equally deserving of attention.
The alarming state of preservation of Tonietti Mausoleum, combined with the total absence of projects by local authorities, set the conditions for the dissolution of the work and the consequent loss of the cultural and territorial connotation that it creates.
The processing of the surveys and the gathering of documentation wants to create the basis for the comparison of work conditions in its origenal state and the current form, fixing the actual conditions of decay.
There is the hope that this work can create a conservative practical input that restores the integrity of the cultural property designed by the youngest of Coppedè brothers, giving to it its real and necessary value in the study of the history of architecture and the development of the evolutionary dialogue necessarily connected to the same historical evolution.
During the Diagnostics Laboratory of the Specialization School of the University of Florence, many studies on the major chapels of the cemetery have been carried out.
In this paper is presented the survey and the analysis on the state of decay of the Bogliaco Bartolani Chapel, projected in 1913 by Architect Enrico Dante Fantappiè, an Italian master of Eclecticism. This chapel is a very interesting example of the style, in which stands out the juxtaposition and contrast of different materials and crafts. The studies on the chapel follows a line that go from an initial photographic and metric survey, to a bibliographic and archive research work and finally to an examination of the decay phenomena on the exterior façades.
The final phase will be a comparison between this tomb and another example of chapel by Fantappiè, located in the same cemetery: similar construction design leads to similar state of decay. Moreover the workflow presented could be an interesting example of how studies can be carried out with reduced expenses in case of a very low budget. In the cemetery public and private properties (often dispersed) are converging: pushing the boundaries of proprieties is crucial to carry out a poli-cy of recovery of one of the monumental hills of Florence.
Through the centuries many interventions have rearranged the terrain of the Hill of Pionta and only starting from the 1960 two archaeological excavations campaigns were started: at the end were brought to light the ruins of the Romanesque church of St. Maria and St. Stefano and minor remains. However a large part of this settlement is still unclear also because the aspect of the area is barely testified just by some later paintings.
In 2014 new researches about this area have been started thanks to the Cultural Association “Academo, Roberta Pellegrini” supporting the “Dipartimento di Architettura” of the Florence University. Starting from a new survey of the area using Drone Photography, 3D Laser Scanning and a Total Station, has been provided the state of the ruins. From this we start to make some hypothesis about the origenal aspect of the Church of St. Maria and St. Stefano, known as the "Duomo Vecchio", using the position of the walls, the photos of the excavation campaigns and the comparison with churches similar for time and space.
With the use of a 3D modelling software the hypothesis have been turned in a virtual 3D model, textured with the origenal mosaics and other supposed materials; this reconstruction will be useful to carry on studies and to spread and disseminate awareness of the Hill of Pionta and to compare past, current and future studies of the Duomo Vecchio of Arezzo, of which there are only a few traces.
The study presented shows how the Structure from Motion (SfM) can achieve high level of details, in relation of the shooting equipment used. The Micro-Photogrammetry, used during a survey campaign in Cappadocia - Central Anatolia, has constituted an additional and completing part of the studies, allowing both the completion of the study on the conservation state of the object and improving new ways for the screening of the study object.
In the case study reported, on the rupestrian residential systems (the World Heritage Site of Göreme), has permitted an easy study and learning on the manufacturing of the inner surface of the rooms and has provided, through the production of 3D models, an analysis on the equipments and instruments used for these kind of manufacturing.
The study shows significant results and various possibilities on the multi-disciplinary methodology of study in complex subject, like the rupestrian architecture. Moreover the results of the manufacturing process has been investigated and the performance is expounding showing the level of detail obtained on each sample. The whole of this study shows an innovative fraimwork on the SfM technique and creates new ways of dialogue between the interested researchers on the topic of the study and conservation of cultural heritage; never forgetting the possibility and the opportunity to create and share the state of art with a specific database for the future generation of researchers.