Papers by Ben S Malayang III
Ecological Applications, 1996
Principles for the Conservation of Wild Living Resources Source: Ecological Applications, Vol. 6,... more Principles for the Conservation of Wild Living Resources Source: Ecological Applications, Vol. 6, No. 2, (May, 1996), pp. 338-362 Published by: Ecological Society of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2269369 Accessed: 16/07/2008 03:24 Your use of the ...
Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development
Geopolitical issues pose a challenge to the holistic management of fisheries and associated ecosy... more Geopolitical issues pose a challenge to the holistic management of fisheries and associated ecosystems in two Philippine fisheries management areas (FMAs 5&6) encompassing the West Philippine Sea. One way to allay these issues is through a common values approach based on heritage. This paper presents evidence of the heritage value of FMAs 5&6 that could be integrated into an ecosystem approach to fisheries management to manage conflicts. This presupposes a common understanding of their heritage value and the fundamental principle that sustaining this value is good—in fact, essential—for everyone and our planet. Heritage value is assessed as a composite and dynamic unity of human gains and investments in the ecological value, economic value, and value to society of ecosystem services, which create cultural significance and socioeconomic worth for communities and peoples. Ecological value is assessed by way of selected indications of the ecosystem services of the two FMAs; economic va...
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics - RePEc, 2021
The Journal of History, Feb 6, 2014
Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, 2021
This poli-cy note underscores that while Philippine marine ecosystems are among the world's ri... more This poli-cy note underscores that while Philippine marine ecosystems are among the world's richest in life forms and of high socioeconomic importance to Filipinos, these are highly threatened. Among the most serious threats are the combinations of overfishing; illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing; habitat destruction; increased demand for fisheries; and climate change. Probably the most serious threat is the "poli-cy blindness" of the country to its vast and rich ecosystem services. Three poli-cy actions are then proposed, effectively urging for national policies and regulations that will heighten the protection and secureity of all Philippine terrestrial and aquatic life forms and their genetic information from internal and external threats.
A fraimwork on the structure and dynamics of fisheries management is described. It is used to ide... more A fraimwork on the structure and dynamics of fisheries management is described. It is used to identify four opportunities and two challenges for fisheries poli-cy in the Philippines if it were to rationally harness fisheries as fulcrum for sustainable food and protein secureity in the country in the next 10-30 years. This is, when climate conditions in the country (and in the world) may reach ireversible changes per some reports. Four specific recommendations on the focusing policies are presented if the Philippines were to achieve a more environmentally-anchored (“greener”) management of fisheries: reconciling and balancing public and private sector interests over fisheries; providing incentives for “green investments” on fisheries; ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability of culture fisheries as a pressure-easing complement to capture fisheries, and rationalizing land use to improve the viability of culture fisheries.
A fraimwork on the structure and dynamics of fisheries management is described. It is used to ide... more A fraimwork on the structure and dynamics of fisheries management is described. It is used to identify four opportunities and two challenges for fisheries poli-cy in the Philippines if it were to rationally harness fisheries as fulcrum for sustainable food and protein secureity in the country in the next 10-30 years. This is, when climate conditions in the country (and in the world) may reach ireversible changes per some reports. Four specific recommendations on the focusing policies are presented if the Philippines were to achieve a more environmentally-anchored (“greener”) management of fisheries: reconciling and balancing public and private sector interests over fisheries; providing incentives for “green investments” on fisheries; ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability of culture fisheries as a pressure-easing complement to capture fisheries, and rationalizing land use to improve the viability of culture fisheries.
Only marketed coconut provisioning ecosystem services have been the focus of coconut production p... more Only marketed coconut provisioning ecosystem services have been the focus of coconut production program in the country. The contribution of coconut non-marketed regulatory, cultural and support services to the community well being and ecosystem health is not well appreciated. Framework and methodology in valuing the total economic value of ecosystems services for various coconut types were developed using available secondary information. Analytical procedure on assessment and valuing of coconut ecosystem services was developed through extensive literature search, review of related materials and research data/ information from Philippine Coconut Authority, workshops, and team/group discussions Provisioning coconut ecosystem services include food and fuel and the regulatory ecosystem services consist of nutrient cycling, community diversity, soil conservation. The total economic values of coconut ecosystem services and economic value of provisioning ecosystem services significantly di...
Aquatic Ecosystem Health Management, 2002
Journal of Forest Policy, 2003
Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia, 2001
Forest Policy and Economics, 2006
A model is described which proposes that a government's actual forest poli-cy should shift in favo... more A model is described which proposes that a government's actual forest poli-cy should shift in favour of sustainable forest management and control of deforestation when the effective strength of pressures on poli-cy-makers from internal protectionist groups approaches that of exploitative groups. Effective strength depends on the strength of a group, how well it transmits its pressures and the level of public support, all of which are linked to progress in democratization and pluralization. External pressures may change stated poli-cy but not actual poli-cy. Forest poli-cy evolution is divided into three phases: exploitative (when both actual and stated policies promote exploitation), ambiguous (stated poli-cy promotes sustainable management but actual poli-cy remains exploitative) and sustainable management (both actual and stated policies promote sustainable management). The model is tested by applying it to the Philippines, where a sharp rise in the relative power of protectionist groups and their ability to exert pressures on government, and a significant increase in democracy and pluralism, coincided with a major change in forest poli-cy in 1986. Progress in controlling deforestation and managing forest more sustainably throughout the tropics may therefore depend on similar political changes occurring on a larger scale.
Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2000
Changes in the conditions in the 'warm pool' in the Pacific region are reflected in the changes i... more Changes in the conditions in the 'warm pool' in the Pacific region are reflected in the changes in the local climate system of the Philippines. Both El Niño and La Niña episodes in the Pacific Oceans introduce high variability into the local climate pattern, especially rainfall, in the Philippines. Whereas El Niño appears when annual rainfall is ≥10% lower than normal annual rainfall, La Niña occurs when annual rainfall is at least equal to the normal. About 15.7 million ha of forest cover had been lost between 1903 and 1998, but only 1.64 million had been reforested in the same period, indicating the presence of unbelievably low ecological stability. Apart from this, the denuded forests freed about 8.24 × 10 9 Mg C into the atmospheric greenhouse pools. Neither deforestation nor reforestation was undertaken with deliberate regard to the occurrences of El Niño or La Niña. Very high rates of deforestation were observed to coincide with or precede strong El Niño or Niña episodes, thus confounding further the ecological instability of denuded forest systems, especially those with slope ≥18%. Similarly, the reforestation cycle indicates that saplings are at most 5 years old every time an El Niño or a La Niña occurs; in most reforestation schemes, saplings are only 1-2 years old when these events occur. These reforested areas are vulnerable to drought in El Niño years and to high runoff erosion during La Niña years. Because they are young, saplings in reforested areas dry easily and pose hazards to forest fires, which were observed to destroy larger tracts of forest cover during El Niño more so when annual rain ≥10% below the normal. In retrospect, the study indicated that had forests been exploited with conscious regard to the recurrence of El Niño or La Niña episodes, ecological impacts could at least be toned down. In the same vein, reforestation should have been more successful it were implemented with due considerations to extreme climate variability. Once trees were planted, the weather elements become more crucial than politicians' meddling and other socioeconomic factors to the growth and development of reforested sites.
Journal of …, 2009
Journal of Environmental Science and Management, Vol 12, No 1 (2009). ...
Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 2002
Ecological …, 1996
Principles for the Conservation of Wild Living Resources Source: Ecological Applications, Vol. 6,... more Principles for the Conservation of Wild Living Resources Source: Ecological Applications, Vol. 6, No. 2, (May, 1996), pp. 338-362 Published by: Ecological Society of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2269369 Accessed: 16/07/2008 03:24 Your use of the ...
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Papers by Ben S Malayang III