A composite material is produced by using polyester textile wastes as reinforcement material and ... more A composite material is produced by using polyester textile wastes as reinforcement material and mainly urea formaldehyde as matrix material. This composite is used in banks, tables, shelves, and pots. The bending strength and absorption properties of the textile reinforced composite are investigated and compared with fibreboard and medium density fibreboard which are alternative materials for the same end-uses. The polyester wastes such as, yarns, woven, and knitted fabrics cut at random dimensions are used as reinforcement material. Matrix material is prepared by mixing urea formaldehyde resin, ammonium sulphate, and flour in a weight ratio of 100:5:10 consecutively. The bending strength of the textile reinforced composite is less than the fibreboard and the medium density fibreboard, but it absorbs less water. It seems that the properties of the textile reinforced composite can be improved by considering the test results obtained.
Fatigue behavior of polyproylenes filled with three different percentages of CaCO 3 (0%, 20%, and... more Fatigue behavior of polyproylenes filled with three different percentages of CaCO 3 (0%, 20%, and 40%) was investigated in this study. Specimens were produced by injection molding. Tensile properties were also evaluated. Tensile–tensile cyclic loading was applied using MTS 810 test apparatus at different frequencies of 23 and 50 Hz. Effects of cyclic frequency and filler content were examined to their fatigue behavior. S–N diagrams were obtained also with normalization of stress amplitudes with respect to their tensile strengths. Besides that temperature rise curves were presented. It is reported that filler content influences the fatigue performance. Increasing the filler content reduces the fatigue performance of PP from pure to PP40, respectively, if normalization effects are not included. The situation differs if normalization effects are included. Results show that fatigue failure mode occurs with thermal fatigue failure mechanism at both frequencies with necking of specimens a...
Heat flow during welding can strongly affect phase transformations on the base metals and, theref... more Heat flow during welding can strongly affect phase transformations on the base metals and, therefore, the microstructure and properties of the welded joint. It is also responsible for weld residual stresses and distortions. For this reason, visualization of the temperatures distribution during welding process is very important to estimate the heat affected zone width, peak temperatures in the HAZ regions, molten pool temperature and, hence, the effects on metallurgical and mechanical characteristics of the welded joints. By applying these generalities in choosing a welding process and selecting welding variables, the welding engineer can often alter the nature and the extent of the metallurgical changes in the heat-affected zone to produce a more satisfactory joint. Several theoretical and practical investigations on heat flow in the dissimilar metals welded joints are presented in this paper. Using thin plates, temperature variation in the thickness direction is negligible, and hea...
Heat flow during welding can strongly affect phase transformations on the base metals and, theref... more Heat flow during welding can strongly affect phase transformations on the base metals and, therefore, the microstructure and properties of the welded joint. It is also responsible for weld residual stresses and distortions. For this reason, visualization of the temperatures distribution during welding process is very important to estimate the heat affected zone width, peak temperatures in the HAZ regions,
Various abrasive wear mechanisms were reviewed and an abrasive wear modeling experiment is assess... more Various abrasive wear mechanisms were reviewed and an abrasive wear modeling experiment is assessed. Abrasive wear resistance of non-heat treated and heat treated steels has been determined by using a pin-abrasion machine with five abrasive papers, which grinds on a small pin of test materials. The mass loss of test material during abrasive wear was determined gravimetrically. A correlation between
This paper presents an experimental study on the fatigue strength of resistance spot welded galva... more This paper presents an experimental study on the fatigue strength of resistance spot welded galvanized steel sheets and austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) sheets. The sheet materials were joined by using resistance spot welding as a lap joint. Material combination and nugget diameter were selected as experimental parameters. The high cycle fatigue tests were performed and S-N curves were obtained for each specimen. The results show that galvanized steel sheet combination has the highest fatigue limit. The sheet combination which has the minimum fatigue limit is galvanized-AISI 304 sheet combination. For austenitic stainless steel-galvanized steel sheet joint, the measurements of the nugget diameter and crack length were performed after fatigue tests. Crack growth rate of the spot welded galvanized-AISI 304 joining type is slower than that of base metals given in literature. C and m coefficients of Paris-Erdogan equation for spot welded AISI 304-galvanized steel sheet joints were obtained.
The effects of abrasive particle size on wear resistance have been studied extensively. But, none... more The effects of abrasive particle size on wear resistance have been studied extensively. But, none of these studies is completely satisfactory for finding the relation between the abrasive particle size and wear rate. The abrasive wear resistance of non-heat-treated and heat-treated steels produced at broad range of different temperatures, have been determined by using a pin-abrasion machine having five abrasive papers ground on a small pin of the test materials. The mass loss of test material during abrasive wear was determined gravimetrically. The results for the non-heat-treated steels show that there is a parabolic relation between wear coefficient and abrasive particle size. This agrees with similar findings in the literature. There is a linear relationship between the abrasive wear resistance and hardness, depending on abrasive particle size. However, the relationships for the heat-treated steels show positive intercepts on the ordinate, depending on abrasive particle size. The relative wear resistance and hardness are related linearly for non-heat-treated steels, and this relationship does not depend on abrasive particle size. But, relative wear resistance for the heat-treated steels is dependent on abrasive particle size and the relationships for the heat-treated steels show positive intercepts on the ordinate.From the findings, the empirical mathematical wear resistance model as a function of abrasive particle size is derived. Additionally, the empirical equations of the relative wear resistance of these steels as a function of abrasive particle diameter are formulated.
A composite material is produced by using polyester textile wastes as reinforcement material and ... more A composite material is produced by using polyester textile wastes as reinforcement material and mainly urea formaldehyde as matrix material. This composite is used in banks, tables, shelves, and pots. The bending strength and absorption properties of the textile reinforced composite are investigated and compared with fibreboard and medium density fibreboard which are alternative materials for the same end-uses. The polyester wastes such as, yarns, woven, and knitted fabrics cut at random dimensions are used as reinforcement material. Matrix material is prepared by mixing urea formaldehyde resin, ammonium sulphate, and flour in a weight ratio of 100:5:10 consecutively. The bending strength of the textile reinforced composite is less than the fibreboard and the medium density fibreboard, but it absorbs less water. It seems that the properties of the textile reinforced composite can be improved by considering the test results obtained.
Fatigue behavior of polyproylenes filled with three different percentages of CaCO 3 (0%, 20%, and... more Fatigue behavior of polyproylenes filled with three different percentages of CaCO 3 (0%, 20%, and 40%) was investigated in this study. Specimens were produced by injection molding. Tensile properties were also evaluated. Tensile–tensile cyclic loading was applied using MTS 810 test apparatus at different frequencies of 23 and 50 Hz. Effects of cyclic frequency and filler content were examined to their fatigue behavior. S–N diagrams were obtained also with normalization of stress amplitudes with respect to their tensile strengths. Besides that temperature rise curves were presented. It is reported that filler content influences the fatigue performance. Increasing the filler content reduces the fatigue performance of PP from pure to PP40, respectively, if normalization effects are not included. The situation differs if normalization effects are included. Results show that fatigue failure mode occurs with thermal fatigue failure mechanism at both frequencies with necking of specimens a...
Heat flow during welding can strongly affect phase transformations on the base metals and, theref... more Heat flow during welding can strongly affect phase transformations on the base metals and, therefore, the microstructure and properties of the welded joint. It is also responsible for weld residual stresses and distortions. For this reason, visualization of the temperatures distribution during welding process is very important to estimate the heat affected zone width, peak temperatures in the HAZ regions, molten pool temperature and, hence, the effects on metallurgical and mechanical characteristics of the welded joints. By applying these generalities in choosing a welding process and selecting welding variables, the welding engineer can often alter the nature and the extent of the metallurgical changes in the heat-affected zone to produce a more satisfactory joint. Several theoretical and practical investigations on heat flow in the dissimilar metals welded joints are presented in this paper. Using thin plates, temperature variation in the thickness direction is negligible, and hea...
Heat flow during welding can strongly affect phase transformations on the base metals and, theref... more Heat flow during welding can strongly affect phase transformations on the base metals and, therefore, the microstructure and properties of the welded joint. It is also responsible for weld residual stresses and distortions. For this reason, visualization of the temperatures distribution during welding process is very important to estimate the heat affected zone width, peak temperatures in the HAZ regions,
Various abrasive wear mechanisms were reviewed and an abrasive wear modeling experiment is assess... more Various abrasive wear mechanisms were reviewed and an abrasive wear modeling experiment is assessed. Abrasive wear resistance of non-heat treated and heat treated steels has been determined by using a pin-abrasion machine with five abrasive papers, which grinds on a small pin of test materials. The mass loss of test material during abrasive wear was determined gravimetrically. A correlation between
This paper presents an experimental study on the fatigue strength of resistance spot welded galva... more This paper presents an experimental study on the fatigue strength of resistance spot welded galvanized steel sheets and austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) sheets. The sheet materials were joined by using resistance spot welding as a lap joint. Material combination and nugget diameter were selected as experimental parameters. The high cycle fatigue tests were performed and S-N curves were obtained for each specimen. The results show that galvanized steel sheet combination has the highest fatigue limit. The sheet combination which has the minimum fatigue limit is galvanized-AISI 304 sheet combination. For austenitic stainless steel-galvanized steel sheet joint, the measurements of the nugget diameter and crack length were performed after fatigue tests. Crack growth rate of the spot welded galvanized-AISI 304 joining type is slower than that of base metals given in literature. C and m coefficients of Paris-Erdogan equation for spot welded AISI 304-galvanized steel sheet joints were obtained.
The effects of abrasive particle size on wear resistance have been studied extensively. But, none... more The effects of abrasive particle size on wear resistance have been studied extensively. But, none of these studies is completely satisfactory for finding the relation between the abrasive particle size and wear rate. The abrasive wear resistance of non-heat-treated and heat-treated steels produced at broad range of different temperatures, have been determined by using a pin-abrasion machine having five abrasive papers ground on a small pin of the test materials. The mass loss of test material during abrasive wear was determined gravimetrically. The results for the non-heat-treated steels show that there is a parabolic relation between wear coefficient and abrasive particle size. This agrees with similar findings in the literature. There is a linear relationship between the abrasive wear resistance and hardness, depending on abrasive particle size. However, the relationships for the heat-treated steels show positive intercepts on the ordinate, depending on abrasive particle size. The relative wear resistance and hardness are related linearly for non-heat-treated steels, and this relationship does not depend on abrasive particle size. But, relative wear resistance for the heat-treated steels is dependent on abrasive particle size and the relationships for the heat-treated steels show positive intercepts on the ordinate.From the findings, the empirical mathematical wear resistance model as a function of abrasive particle size is derived. Additionally, the empirical equations of the relative wear resistance of these steels as a function of abrasive particle diameter are formulated.
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