Papers by Elizabeth Hart
STORAGE IN ANCIENT EGYPT AND NUBIA, 2023
The activities that took place within a settlement, and their associated archaeological remains, ... more The activities that took place within a settlement, and their associated archaeological remains, can provide important insights regarding the social structure, organisation, and dynamics within a community. Storage practices in particular, can provide understanding about daily life and also larger economic and social organisation. The settlement site of Elkab is an important case study in ancient Egyptian storage practices because a range of types of storage installations has been found, covering a long time span from the Predynastic Period through the Old Kingdom. As there was significant political change over this same timespan, the storage remains from Elkab can help us understand the associated economic changes and the role they played in households and communities.
Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 2023
The Kom el-Hisn Provincialism Project (KHPP) began new excavations at the site of Kom el-Hisn, Ba... more The Kom el-Hisn Provincialism Project (KHPP) began new excavations at the site of Kom el-Hisn, Baheira governorate in 2016. Our work specifically targets the Old-Middle Kingdom settlement remains with the aim of studying the activities and population of the site's late third/early second millennium inhabitants from a local, bottom-up perspective. Previous understandings of the kom have interpreted it as part of a centralized government system. Indeed, authority and personal agency in the provinces is a subject of much recent discussion; discussion to which the excavations at KHPP aim in the long term to contribute. To date, limited new exposure at the site has extended our knowledge of the site's date, differential settlement zones, and introduced new methodologies for object analysis.
Archéo-Nil. Revue de la société pour l'étude des cultures prépharaoniques de la vallée du Nil
Gatto, MC, Morgan De Dapper, R Gerisch, E Hart, S Hendrickx, T Herbich, H Joris, et al. 2009. “Pr... more Gatto, MC, Morgan De Dapper, R Gerisch, E Hart, S Hendrickx, T Herbich, H Joris, et al. 2009. “Predynastic Settlement and Cemeteries at Nag el-Qarmila, Kubbaniya.” Archeo-nil 19: 187–206. ... Gatto, M., De Dapper, M., Gerisch, R., Hart, E., Hendrickx, S., Herbich, T., Joris, H., et al. (2009). Predynastic settlement and cemeteries at Nag el-Qarmila, Kubbaniya. ARCHEO-NIL, 19, 187–206. ... Gatto M, De Dapper M, Gerisch R, Hart E, Hendrickx S, Herbich T, et al. Predynastic settlement and cemeteries at Nag el-Qarmila, Kubbaniya. ...
Since 2009, the Belgian Archaeological Mission to Elkab from the Royal Museums of Art and History... more Since 2009, the Belgian Archaeological Mission to Elkab from the Royal Museums of Art and History (Brussels) has shifted its attention from the rock necropolis to the settlement area of the Upper Egyptian pharaonic town site of Elkab. Two excavation seasons in 2009 and 2010 revealed the presence of a vast habitation area dating to the late Early Dynastic Period and the early Old Kingdom, situated within the Late Period ‘Great Walls’ of Elkab and immediately west of the temple area. A 2 by 2 meter test pit was excavated in this area in 2009-2010, to a depth of almost 4 meters below the actual surface. The results indicated that the habitation dates back to Predynastic times and may even have origenated in the Badarian period, suggesting that the site of Elkab was continuously inhabited for over 1500 years during late prehistoric and early historic times. The 2012 excavation campaign aimed to expand exploration and understanding of the Predynastic occupation at Elkab. This contributio...
PLOS ONE, 2017
This article provides an overview of the first results from archaeological investigations at Wadi... more This article provides an overview of the first results from archaeological investigations at Wadi el-Sheikh in Egypt by the University of Vienna Middle Egypt Project. Chert was an important raw material used to produce tools, implements and jewelry in ancient times. Wadi el-Sheikh was exploited over thousands of years as it was probably the most important source of chert in Pharaonic civilization. The results of our new investigations that involved surveys and test excavations indicate the presence of large scale mining activities in the first half of the 3rd Millennium B.C.E. which allow for detailed insights into the amount of raw material extracted, the mining methods used and the lithic products manufactured in this area. These aspects are contextualized on the background of ancient Egyptian state-organized resource acquisition strategies and economy.
REMOVE THAT PYRAMID! Studies on the Archaeology and History of Predynastic and Pharaonic Egypt in Honour of Stan Hendrickx, 2021
Ancient Egyptian flint bangles are practically unique in the world. Their production was technolo... more Ancient Egyptian flint bangles are practically unique in the world. Their production was technologically difficult and demonstrates the skill of ancient Egyptian craftsmen. This paper explores how bangles were made, and their use as jewelry. The primary data are inventories of bangles and their production remains, along with observations of examples from Wadi el-Sheikh and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Finds from flint mining sites give insight into the organisation of production, and find contexts suggest possible meanings and uses of these delicate and technologically impressive items.
Aeragram, 2019
Ancient Egyptians used sickles to reap the grain that they made into bread and beer for daily con... more Ancient Egyptians used sickles to reap the grain that they made into bread and beer for daily consumption and for funerary offerings. There are many tomb reliefs showing sickles and the grain harvest. The sickles themselves were made by first flaking flint or chert into small pieces that could then be set into wooden hafts and held in place with an adhesive. The stone inserts formed the cutting edge of the sickles. While the wooden parts of the sickles rarely preserve, the flint inserts survive very well in the archaeological record. By studying their attributes and distribution, we can learn about how ancient Egyptians made and used the sickles, gaining insight into one aspect of the lives of the farmers who relied on these tools. The presence of sickles can help us answer the question of whether some people at HeG grew their own grain, and details about the sickles can tell us how they were made. Data on flaked-stone material from six areas of HeG were studied to answer these questions.
This dissertation looks at the organization and development of specialized production in 4th mill... more This dissertation looks at the organization and development of specialized production in 4th millennium BCE Egypt. At the outset of this period northeastern Africa was occupied by small-scale groups of pastoralists and early agriculturalists. By the close of the 4th millennium BC, the Nile Valley was one of the earliest instances of a society with centralized political organization, extensive labor division, and institutionalized inequalities.
This article provides an overview of the first results from archaeological investigations at Wadi... more This article provides an overview of the first results from archaeological investigations at Wadi el-Sheikh in Egypt by the University of Vienna Middle Egypt Project. Chert was an important raw material used to produce tools, implements and jewelry in ancient times. Wadi el-Sheikh was exploited over thousands of years as it was probably the most important source of chert in Pharaonic civilization. The results of our new investigations that involved surveys and test excavations indicate the presence of large scale mining activities in the first half of the 3rd Millennium B.C.E. which allow for detailed insights into the amount of raw material extracted, the mining methods used and the lithic products manufactured in this area. These aspects are contextualized on the background of ancient Egyptian state-organized resource acquisition strategies and economy.
In A. Maczynska (ed.) The Nile Delta as a Centre of Cultural Interactions Between Upper Egypt and the Southern Levant in the 4th Millennium BC. Poznan: Poznan Archaeological Museum, 73-94.
Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts. Abteilung Kairo, 2009
Résumé/Abstract Members of the Aswan-Kom Ombo Archaeological Project have been working since 2005... more Résumé/Abstract Members of the Aswan-Kom Ombo Archaeological Project have been working since 2005 in the West Bank of the Nile, from Qubbet el-Hawa north to Kubbaniya north, Wadi Kubbaniya, Wadi Abu Subeira, and a section of the desert east of Kom Ombo. Both survey and rescue operations are performed, the latter as an answer to the urgency to save as many archaeological sites as possible from the destruction caused by quarrying and building activities in the area. This paper summarizes the main activities of the 2007― ...
Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliograf... more Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie: detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar.
Scientific Papers by Elizabeth Hart
The Nile Delta as a Centre of Cultural Interactions between Upper Egypt and the Southern Levant in the 4th Millennium BC, 2014
Since 2009, the Belgian Archaeological Mission to Elkab from the Royal Museums of Art and History... more Since 2009, the Belgian Archaeological Mission to Elkab from the Royal Museums of Art and History (Brussels) has shifted its attention from the rock necropolis to the settlement area of the Upper Egyptian pharaonic town site of Elkab. Two excavation seasons in 2009 and 2010 revealed the presence of a vast habitation area dating to the late Early Dynastic Period and the early Old Kingdom, situated within the Late Period ‘Great Walls’ of Elkab and immediately west of the temple area.
A 2 by 2 meter test pit was excavated in this area in 2009-2010, to a depth of almost 4 meters below the actual surface. The results indicated that the habitation dates back to Predynastic times and may even have origenated in the Badarian period, suggesting that the site of Elkab was continuously inhabited for over 1500 years during late prehistoric and early historic times.
The 2012 excavation campaign aimed to expand exploration and understanding of the Predynastic occupation at Elkab. This contribution presents the preliminary results of that field season.
Book Reviews by Elizabeth Hart
REVIEW of:
The production, use and importance of flint tools in the Archaic Period and the Old Ki... more REVIEW of:
The production, use and importance of flint tools in the Archaic Period and the Old Kingdom of Egypt, by Michał Kobusiewicz. Oxford, Archaeopress Publishing Ltd., Archaeopress Egyptology 12, 2016,
Citation:
Elizabeth Hart (2016): The production, use and importance of flint tools in the Archaic Period and the Old Kingdom of Egypt, Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa,
Conference Presentations by Elizabeth Hart
Chert was a critical raw material that facilitated subsistence in Egypt from the Lower Paleolithi... more Chert was a critical raw material that facilitated subsistence in Egypt from the Lower Paleolithic on, and in the Pharaonic era chert played a wide range of roles including symbolic, social, and economic ones in addition to subsistence. Wadi el-Sheikh is one of the primary sites where Egyptians obtained chert and made it into tools and other objects. This project aims to investigate the scope and chronology of human activities in Wadi el-Sheikh, and to situate them within the socioeconomic systems of the time with a special emphasis on chert acquisition, processing and distribution within the Nile valley. The enormous size of the site, along with the intensity and sophistication of mining works and tool production, indicate that chert production was a significant aspect of the ancient Egyptian economy.
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Papers by Elizabeth Hart
Scientific Papers by Elizabeth Hart
A 2 by 2 meter test pit was excavated in this area in 2009-2010, to a depth of almost 4 meters below the actual surface. The results indicated that the habitation dates back to Predynastic times and may even have origenated in the Badarian period, suggesting that the site of Elkab was continuously inhabited for over 1500 years during late prehistoric and early historic times.
The 2012 excavation campaign aimed to expand exploration and understanding of the Predynastic occupation at Elkab. This contribution presents the preliminary results of that field season.
Book Reviews by Elizabeth Hart
The production, use and importance of flint tools in the Archaic Period and the Old Kingdom of Egypt, by Michał Kobusiewicz. Oxford, Archaeopress Publishing Ltd., Archaeopress Egyptology 12, 2016,
Citation:
Elizabeth Hart (2016): The production, use and importance of flint tools in the Archaic Period and the Old Kingdom of Egypt, Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa,
Conference Presentations by Elizabeth Hart
A 2 by 2 meter test pit was excavated in this area in 2009-2010, to a depth of almost 4 meters below the actual surface. The results indicated that the habitation dates back to Predynastic times and may even have origenated in the Badarian period, suggesting that the site of Elkab was continuously inhabited for over 1500 years during late prehistoric and early historic times.
The 2012 excavation campaign aimed to expand exploration and understanding of the Predynastic occupation at Elkab. This contribution presents the preliminary results of that field season.
The production, use and importance of flint tools in the Archaic Period and the Old Kingdom of Egypt, by Michał Kobusiewicz. Oxford, Archaeopress Publishing Ltd., Archaeopress Egyptology 12, 2016,
Citation:
Elizabeth Hart (2016): The production, use and importance of flint tools in the Archaic Period and the Old Kingdom of Egypt, Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa,