The paper uses data from a sample of 1 percent of the male population of England and Wales to exa... more The paper uses data from a sample of 1 percent of the male population of England and Wales to examine the contribution of social mobility between the censuses of 1971 and 1981 to socioeconomic differences in health. Compared to others in their social class of origen, men who had been downwardly mobile were more likely, and the upwardly mobile were less likely, to report a limiting long-term illness. However, when compared to others in their classes of destination, those who moved down reported less illness, and the upwardly mobile reported more. Prevalence of ill health in mobile men was somewhere between that in the group they left and the group they joined. Social mobility was a common event and, combined with existing socioeconomic differences in health, it acted to constrain rather than to increase these differences.
Conclusions Men and women who leave school without any qualifications may be able to 'catch up' t... more Conclusions Men and women who leave school without any qualifications may be able to 'catch up' to some extent with more qualified people in terms of lowered CHD risk, if they obtain qualifications later on in life. However, there are important limitations to these observed associations which limit any causal interpretation of the results.
Measurement error in retrospective reports of work status has been difficult to quantify in the p... more Measurement error in retrospective reports of work status has been difficult to quantify in the past. Issues of confidentiality have made access to datasets linking survey responses to a valid administrative source very problematic. This study uses a Swedish register of unemployment as a benchmark against which responses from two survey questions are compared and hence the presence of measurement error elucidated. We carry out separate analyses for the different forms that measurement error in retrospective reports of unemployment can take: miscounting of the number of spells of unemployment, mismeasuring duration in unemployment, and misdating starts of spells and misclassification of status. The prevalence of measurement error for different social categories and interview formats is also examined, leading to a better understanding of the error-generating mechanisms that interact when interviewees are asked to produce retrospective reports of past work status.
Measurement error in retrospective reports of work status has been difficult to quantify in the p... more Measurement error in retrospective reports of work status has been difficult to quantify in the past. Issues of confidentiality have made access to datasets linking survey responses to a valid administrative source very problematic. This study uses a Swedish register of unemployment as a benchmark against which responses from two survey questions are compared and hence the presence of measurement error elucidated. We carry out separate analyses for the different forms that measurement error in retrospective reports of unemployment can take: miscounting of the number of spells of unemployment, mismeasuring duration in unemployment, and misdating starts of spells and misclassification of status. The prevalence of measurement error for different social categories and interview formats is also examined, leading to a better understanding of the error-generating mechanisms that interact when interviewees are asked to produce retrospective reports of past work status.
It is commonly accepted that the use of retrospective questions in surveys makes interviewees fac... more It is commonly accepted that the use of retrospective questions in surveys makes interviewees face harder cognitive challenges and therefore leads to less precise measures than questions asking about current states. In this paper we evaluate the effect of using data derived from retrospective questions as the response variable in different event history analysis models: an accelerated life Weibull, an accelerated life exponential, a proportional hazards Cox, and a proportional odds logit. The impact of measurement error is assessed by a comparison of the estimates obtained when the models are specified using durations of unemployment derived from a retrospective question against those obtained using validation data derived from the Swedish register of unemployment. Results show large attenuation effects in all the regression coefficients. Furthermore, these effects are relatively similar across models.
Page 1. Measurement Error in Retrospective Reports of Unemployment CCSR Working Paper: Jose Pina-... more Page 1. Measurement Error in Retrospective Reports of Unemployment CCSR Working Paper: Jose Pina-Sánchez, Johan Koskinen, Ian Plewis Page 2. 1 Contents Abstract ..... 2 ...
The paper uses data from a sample of 1 percent of the male population of England and Wales to exa... more The paper uses data from a sample of 1 percent of the male population of England and Wales to examine the contribution of social mobility between the censuses of 1971 and 1981 to socioeconomic differences in health. Compared to others in their social class of origen, men who had been downwardly mobile were more likely, and the upwardly mobile were less likely, to report a limiting long-term illness. However, when compared to others in their classes of destination, those who moved down reported less illness, and the upwardly mobile reported more. Prevalence of ill health in mobile men was somewhere between that in the group they left and the group they joined. Social mobility was a common event and, combined with existing socioeconomic differences in health, it acted to constrain rather than to increase these differences.
Conclusions Men and women who leave school without any qualifications may be able to 'catch up' t... more Conclusions Men and women who leave school without any qualifications may be able to 'catch up' to some extent with more qualified people in terms of lowered CHD risk, if they obtain qualifications later on in life. However, there are important limitations to these observed associations which limit any causal interpretation of the results.
Measurement error in retrospective reports of work status has been difficult to quantify in the p... more Measurement error in retrospective reports of work status has been difficult to quantify in the past. Issues of confidentiality have made access to datasets linking survey responses to a valid administrative source very problematic. This study uses a Swedish register of unemployment as a benchmark against which responses from two survey questions are compared and hence the presence of measurement error elucidated. We carry out separate analyses for the different forms that measurement error in retrospective reports of unemployment can take: miscounting of the number of spells of unemployment, mismeasuring duration in unemployment, and misdating starts of spells and misclassification of status. The prevalence of measurement error for different social categories and interview formats is also examined, leading to a better understanding of the error-generating mechanisms that interact when interviewees are asked to produce retrospective reports of past work status.
Measurement error in retrospective reports of work status has been difficult to quantify in the p... more Measurement error in retrospective reports of work status has been difficult to quantify in the past. Issues of confidentiality have made access to datasets linking survey responses to a valid administrative source very problematic. This study uses a Swedish register of unemployment as a benchmark against which responses from two survey questions are compared and hence the presence of measurement error elucidated. We carry out separate analyses for the different forms that measurement error in retrospective reports of unemployment can take: miscounting of the number of spells of unemployment, mismeasuring duration in unemployment, and misdating starts of spells and misclassification of status. The prevalence of measurement error for different social categories and interview formats is also examined, leading to a better understanding of the error-generating mechanisms that interact when interviewees are asked to produce retrospective reports of past work status.
It is commonly accepted that the use of retrospective questions in surveys makes interviewees fac... more It is commonly accepted that the use of retrospective questions in surveys makes interviewees face harder cognitive challenges and therefore leads to less precise measures than questions asking about current states. In this paper we evaluate the effect of using data derived from retrospective questions as the response variable in different event history analysis models: an accelerated life Weibull, an accelerated life exponential, a proportional hazards Cox, and a proportional odds logit. The impact of measurement error is assessed by a comparison of the estimates obtained when the models are specified using durations of unemployment derived from a retrospective question against those obtained using validation data derived from the Swedish register of unemployment. Results show large attenuation effects in all the regression coefficients. Furthermore, these effects are relatively similar across models.
Page 1. Measurement Error in Retrospective Reports of Unemployment CCSR Working Paper: Jose Pina-... more Page 1. Measurement Error in Retrospective Reports of Unemployment CCSR Working Paper: Jose Pina-Sánchez, Johan Koskinen, Ian Plewis Page 2. 1 Contents Abstract ..... 2 ...
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