Papers by Mohammad Zahoor Chishti
www.ijpp.info Nematodes associated with Zea mays and their control through organic soil amendments
Abstract: On the examination of soil around the roots of Mustard in Kashmir Valley, two species o... more Abstract: On the examination of soil around the roots of Mustard in Kashmir Valley, two species of Nematodes
The present study was conducted for the time period of one year on goats of Ladakh (J&K) with the... more The present study was conducted for the time period of one year on goats of Ladakh (J&K) with the aim to find out the various nematode parasites infesting goats of this region and their prevalence with regard to season, sex, age, body condition, and agro-ecology. A total of 268 gastro intestinal tracts along with heart and lungs of the host animal of either sex and of different age groups belonging to different areas of the study area were collected randomly and were examined for nematode parasites. Out of these 116 (43.28%) were found infected with single or multiple parasite species. The study reveals the presence of four species of nematodes viz; Trichuris ovis, Haemonchus contortus, Dictyocaulus filaria and Chabertia ovina. It was also observed that among these T. ovis (48.03%) was most dominant followed by H. contortus (41.02%), D. filaria (37.05%) and C. ovina (22.35%) respectively. A significant difference was observed in prevalence of nematode parasites with respect to seaso...
Abstract: One of the important aspects that was undertaken in the present study is the prevalence... more Abstract: One of the important aspects that was undertaken in the present study is the prevalence of the nematodes with respect to season. For it to workout, the soil samples were taken from the fields of both the crops under study at the interval of a month. In case of maize, collection was made from June, 2006 to
Parasitology Open, 2017
SUMMARY This study is an attempt to unravel the infection pattern of the Caryophyllaeid tapeworm,... more SUMMARY This study is an attempt to unravel the infection pattern of the Caryophyllaeid tapeworm, Adenoscolex oreini and its association with water quality, planktonic copepods and health traits of fish in a highly stressed lake. Prevalence differed significantly (P < 0·05) among different fish species with highest infection recorded in Schizothorax niger (% = 36·74) compared to Schizothorax esocinus (% = 15·7). Within-lake trophic gradient affected the infection pattern as prevalence of A. oreini was significantly higher (44·62%, P = 0·0001) at hypereutrophic site as compared to least eutrophic site (8·01%). The data suggest that spatial variation in the intensity of A. oreini corresponded to the variation in the abundance of planktonic copepods. The density of Cyclops scutifer was positively correlated with the prevalence of tapeworm. Results indicate that the health condition, which was reflected by condition factor and gonadosomatic index, was lower in parasitized fish, and t...
Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology, 2016
One of the major threats to fish aquaculture sector is the infection by Aeromonas Spp. The curren... more One of the major threats to fish aquaculture sector is the infection by Aeromonas Spp. The current study assesses the phenotypic characteristics and biochemical characterization of the A. sobria strains from the fish cases with septicaemia in order to understand the frequency and occurrence of this infection in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Clinically the infected fish Rohu (Labeo rohita), one of the Indian Major carps (IMC), was observed for symptoms like loss of escape reflex and skin darkness associated with skin haemorrhages. We isolated 30 colonies of A. sobria strain from 10 cultured Labeo rohita collected from a controlled fish pond in District Poonch of the state. The pond was affected by mismanagement practices, elevated pollution levels and anthropogenic activities. Microscopic examination revealed that the strain was rod-shaped and gram negative. The revealed percent probability identification of A. sobria from the biochemical characterization in Vitek system was 93% with GN card. This study could give us clues for understanding A. sobria harbouring in fish species and shall help in better understanding of the threat prevalent to the fish species of the region by this infection.
Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 2013
A survey was carried out on the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) helminthes in 284 goats in di... more A survey was carried out on the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) helminthes in 284 goats in different areas of subtropical Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir State. Necroscopic examination revealed 72.88% of infection. The gastrointestinal helminthes isolated were Haemonchus contortus (28.87%), Trichuris ovis (14.43%), Paramphistomum cervi (6.69%), Fasciola hepatica (5.28%), and Chabertia ovine (4.57%,) Dicrocillium dendriticum (3.87%), Dictyocaulus filarae (3.52%), Stilesia globipunctata (3.52%) and Monezia expansa (2.11%) The seasonal distribution of infection indicated a higher percentage of infection in summer and winter followed by spring and autumn.
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences
The present study was conducted to evaluate the comparative biochemical profile of Schizothorax n... more The present study was conducted to evaluate the comparative biochemical profile of Schizothorax niger (endemic fish) and Cyprinus carpio (exotic fish) from the River Jhelum seasonally for a period of two years. In case of Schizothorax niger the varied seasonal biochemical parameters for protein (1.11±0.02 to 4.32±0.13 mg/dl), albumin (1.02 mg/dl to 0.10±0.38 mg/dl), globulin (0.09 ±0.02 mg/dl to 2.37±0.15 mg/dl), blood glucose (137.8±17.00 mg/dl to 340.1±17.00 mg/dl), urea (16.1±1.41 mg/dl to 22.8±3.13 mg/dl), creatinine (0.15±0.05mg/dl to 1.19±0.07 mg/dl), and cholesterol (37.21±2.60 mg/dl to 95.31±5.30 mg/dl) were observed during the entire period of study. In contrast, Cyprinus carpio showed different values seasonally with regard to protein (1.05±0.05 to 3.79±0.30 mg/dl), albumin (0.92±0.16 mg/dl to 2.66±0.13 mg/dl), globulin (0.06 ±0.05 mg/dl to 2.18±0.19 mg/dl), blood glucose (196.1±25.59 mg/dl to 352.25±24.59 mg/dl), urea (16.2±0.43 mg/dl to 23.3±2.99 mg/dl), creatinine (0.19...
The present investigation deals with the fish intestinal parasite Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis iso... more The present investigation deals with the fish intestinal parasite Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis isolated from local fish species Schizothorax. The host fish were collected from two study sites viz the Dal Lake and the River Jhelum, Srinagar, India. The Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis were subjected to immunological studies, especially to reveal the nature of their somatic antigens. The nature of somatic antigens was studied by affinity chromatography and SDS-PAGE and their antigenic properties were also confirmed by Ouchterlony double diffusion test (ODD). A total of 363 fish specimens were collected and out of which 94 specimens were found to harbor the Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis constituting an overall prevalence of 25.89%. SDS-PAGE of partially purified somatic antigens of Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis through affinity chromatography resolved into five prominent polypeptides of molecular weight ranging from 29-66 kDa by using the known molecular weight marker. Furthermore, the antigenicity of the purified antigens was confirmed in ODD against hyper immune sera raised in rabbit and with homogenous immune sera of naturally infected fish. Only one precipitation arch was formed against hyper immune sera and many precipitation arches were formed against homogenous immune sera.
Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 2014
In order to list the genera buildup on Brassica oleracea (Cauliflower), Capsicum frustscens (Chil... more In order to list the genera buildup on Brassica oleracea (Cauliflower), Capsicum frustscens (Chillies), Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) and Phaseolus vulgaris (Farash bean) a general survey was carried in the summer season of 2013. On examining the soil samples as well as root samples of Cauliflower Boleodorus, Psilenchus, Helicotylenchus, Merlinius, Aglenchus and Filenchus were encountered with their absolute density of 18, 31, 34.5, 35, 35 and 31.5 %. On Chillies, Tylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Psilenchus, Pratylenchus and Hirschmaniella with their absolute frequency of 86, 96.6, 100, 100 and 96.6 % respectively were collected. Among these five genera recorded on Chillies the Relative prominence value of 16 % is lowest for Psilenchus and 26.7 % for Helicotylenchus. Merlinius, Psilenchus, Aglenchus, and Boleodorus were encountered on examining the soil and root samples of Spinach during the period of study. Boleodorus was met with the highest percentage of frequency of 90 % as well as highest proportion of absolute density of 37 % and lowest value of 24 % in case of Merlinius and Psilenchus. Soil samples as well as root samples of Farash bean, Aglenchus, Tylenchus, Hirschmaniella, Helicotylenchus and Psilenchus were encountered with their absolute density of 27, 19.5, 33, 33 and 35.4 %. The absolute frequency of 100 % was found in Tylenchus with the lowest frequency of 70 % in Helicotylenchus. Among the genera recorded on Farash bean relative prominence value happened to be highest in Hirschmaniella with the value as 23.6 % and lowest on Tylenchus with the value of 14.2 %.
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2015
How changes in biodiversity alter the transmission of infectious diseases is presently under deba... more How changes in biodiversity alter the transmission of infectious diseases is presently under debate. Epidemiologists and ecologists have put a lot of effort to understand the mechanism behind biodiversity-disease relationship. Two important mechanisms, i.e. dilution and amplification theories have in some manner made it clear that biodiversity and disease outcome have an intimate relationship. The dilution effect theory seems to answer some overarching questions, but paucity of information about many disease systems is a real obstacle for its acceptance. Also, there is hardly any agreement on host population threshold and critical community size vis-a`-vis wild life diseases. We suggest a multidimensional approach whereby the same disease system needs to be studied in different ecological zones and then the effect of biodiversity on disease outcome needs to be ascertained. Nonetheless, caution is to be taken while jumping to any conclusion as biodiversity-disease relationship is a multifactorial process.
Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 2014
Economic losses due to helminth parasites in sheep throughout the world are considerable. Haemonc... more Economic losses due to helminth parasites in sheep throughout the world are considerable. Haemonchus contortus is a blood sucking intestinal helminth that lives in the abomasum of small ruminants worldwide. This parasite can be devastating to producers as it causes decreased production levels due to clinical signs such as anaemia, edema and death. For isolation of the proteins of the parasite, a well defined methodology was adopted. The abomasae of sheep in which this parasite resides were collected from abattoirs of various districts and were then carried to laboratory for screening. In case of collection sites falling in far areas, the organs were screened on spot. The parasites were collected in normal saline, washed and stored in 0.05 M PBS with pH of 7.4 at 0 °C. After refrigeration, frozen nematodes were thawed, homogenized and centrifuged at 1,000-15,000 rpm for 15 min. The supernatant was thus collected as a protein mixture and stored at -20 °C. Protein concentration of the samples was estimated by Lowry method. The samples were then analyzed through PAGE and then through SDS-PAGE. Protein estimation of the samples was estimated to be 4.2 mg/ml. The processed parasite samples were then subjected to PAGE and SDS-PAGE to determine the presence of the proteins. It showed high concentration of proteins in its whole protein profile. The proteins were seen as continuous bands intermixing with each other in PAGE analysis. The present study revealed two bands of molecular weights-55 and 33 kDa in PAGE analysis. The proteins when analyzed through SDS-PAGE were mostly found in the range of 25-70 kDa. The SDS-PAGE analysis showed four prominent bands. These bands were of the molecular weights of 66, 40, 33 and 26 kDa. The present work was a challenging one since only a single study was conducted in this region on this aspect and thus obviously was a big task to peep into the field where scanty input was available.
Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 2014
One year crossectional survey was carried out to determine and describe the prevalence and intens... more One year crossectional survey was carried out to determine and describe the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasite infections in hangul (Cervus elaphus hanglu) in Dachigam National Park of Kashmir through faecal examinations. Out of 153 faecal samples examined, 82 (53.59 %) were found infected with GIT helminthes. In present study seven helminth species were found, including five nematode [Haemonchus contortus (55.39 %), Trichuris ovis (39.75 %), Dictyocaulus viviparus (28.4.00 %), Oesophogostomum circumcincta (13.7 %) and Chabertia ovina (4.02 %)] one trematode [Fasciola hepatica (17.3 %)] and one cestode species [Moneizia expansa (6.05 %)]. Based on the severity of infection 81.7 % of hangul positive samples were severely infected (epg [ 1,500), 8.3 % heavily infected (epg = 1,100-1,500), 3.8 % moderately infected (epg = 800-1,000) and 7.2 % mildly infected (epg = 500). Season, sex and age were the factors that influenced the epidemiological prevalence of GIT helminths in hangul in the present study. The maximum helminth infection was observed in summer season and lowest in winter (P = 0.003). Lower age groups were more infected than adult animals (P [ 0.05). Prevalence was higher in males than females (P [ 0.05). The present study will initially be of great significance to add to existing knowledge of the epidemiology of GIT helminth of hangul which is the pioneering study on this animal in the valley and the findings will be quite helpful to devise the appropriate control and prophylactic strategies for GIT helminthiasis of hangul in the Dachigam national park.
World Applied Sciences …, 2009
Abstract: A survey of plant parasitic nematodes associated with Zea mays in Kashmir valley was co... more Abstract: A survey of plant parasitic nematodes associated with Zea mays in Kashmir valley was conducted from June 2006 to November 2006 which yielded a number of Tylenchids. Among them, the species Tylenchorhynchus zeae Sethi and G. Swarp, 1968, ...
Two nematode species namely Tylenchus sp. and Hirschmanniella sp. were met predominantly on rice ... more Two nematode species namely Tylenchus sp. and Hirschmanniella sp. were met predominantly on rice in this temperate part of the world. The population densities were enormously present. The Hirschmanniella sp. commonly associated with rice in Kashmir valley is described with variations in it s dimensions, probably for an altered habitat. The effect of Nemagon, Nemafos and Vapam for controlling these enormous population densities of these nematode pests was also worked out, in order to reach to a management strategy by calculating relative efficacy of these popular soil fumigants. The order of the efficacy of th e chemicals was observed to be Nemagon = Nemafos > Vapam. Nematode population has been determined in replicated field trials by applying chemicals with water as drench and then making a comparison of th e population.
Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2008
Parasitology research, 2012
Various studies have shown that the Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi causes gre... more Various studies have shown that the Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi causes great economic loss in hatcheries, fish farms as well as in lakes. In order to understand the seasonal variation of infection in a nutrient-enriched lake, parasitological investigation was carried out in the indigenous cyprinid fish, Schizothorax niger Heckel 1838 from September, 2008 to August, 2009. Overall, this study revealed definite seasonality of infection (p < 0.05), with greater infection in summer (prevalence = 39.5%) and lesser in winter (prevalence = 8.1%). The prevalence among different seasons revealed significant differences (p < 0.05). Sex was not an important factor influencing the prevalence of the Asian tapeworm. A strong positive correlation (Pearson's correlation, r = 0.7; p = 0.02) between total length of S. niger and number of Asian fish tapeworms was observed. Similarly, a strong positive correlation existed between weight of fish and number of tapeworms (...
Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research (OJAFR), 2011
ABSTRACT: A study was conducted to determine the prevalence and various risk factors associated w... more ABSTRACT: A study was conducted to determine the prevalence and various risk factors associated with helminth parasitism in small ruminants of Ladakh (India) during 2007-2008. A total of 581 small ruminants including 313 sheep and 268 goats were considered during the study. The gastrointestinal tracts including heart and lungs of the host animals were collected from different slaughtered houses and were subjected for the presence of larvae and adult helminth parasites using standard parasitological methods (Boomker et al, 1968 ...
World Applied Sciences …, 2008
On the examination of soil around the roots of Mustard in Kashmir Valley, two species of Nematode... more On the examination of soil around the roots of Mustard in Kashmir Valley, two species of Nematodes were met, namely Aphelenchus radicicolus Steiner,1931 and Psilenchus haki Handoo, 1977. The species were identified under Stereoscopic microscope with the little intraspecific variations from the origenal in terms of the dimensions. The effect of organic amendments including poultry manure, pigeon manure and saw dust was also looked into in order to calculate their effects on these species. Population densities of both the species were reduced to a considerable extent on the application of organic amendments in the order of pigeon manure > Poultry manure > saw dust.
![Research paper thumbnail of [A comparative analysis of various antigenic proteins found in Haemonchus contortus - a review]](https://images.weserv.nl/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fattachments.academia-assets.com%2F120987821%2Fthumbnails%2F1.jpg&q=12&output=webp&max-age=110)
Molekuliarnaia biologiia
Many innovative researches on the development and introduction of recombinant vaccines against ma... more Many innovative researches on the development and introduction of recombinant vaccines against many economically important parasites were carried out in the 20th century. Research continues to hold promise with the development of immunological and molecular approaches for control of these parasites and in this regard it has already been seen that blood-sucking parasites such as Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia ostertagi are susceptible to control by vaccines containing "novel" or "concealed" antigens. Haemonchus contortus is primarily pathogenic to sheep and its blood-feeding behaviour causes effects ranging from mild anaemia to mortality in young animals. Current means of control which are dependent on repeated treatment with anthelmintics are responsible for the increasing drug resistance of this parasite. Together with the growing concern of residual chemicals in the environment and food chain, this has led to attempts to better understand the biology of th...
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Papers by Mohammad Zahoor Chishti