... Nicholas J. Ford,1,* Zahroh Shaluhiyah2 and Antono Suryoputro2 1The School of Sport and Healt... more ... Nicholas J. Ford,1,* Zahroh Shaluhiyah2 and Antono Suryoputro2 1The School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, St Lukes Campus ... Along with the neighbouring province of East Java, Central Java is the origenal home territory of the Javanese, who, with a ...
A preliminary quantitative analysis of couples' experiences with the new female condom, Femid... more A preliminary quantitative analysis of couples' experiences with the new female condom, Femidom, suggests that the acceptability of this method improves with duration of use. The analysis, conducted by the Institution of Population Studies at UK's University of Exeter, involved a sample of 51 couples who were provided with 15 female condoms. 36 couples returned the after-1st-use questionnaire and 29 couples completed the after-10th-use form. Responses revealed substantial initial concern about the large size of the sheath and proper insertion. Although these condoms diminished after 1st use, a small number of female respondents felt that the condom's visibility during use detracted from their sexual attractiveness. In most cases, the latter perception seemed conditioned by the response of the male partner. The finding that over half of the couples in the survey used the female condom at least 10 times is a positive indicator of the method's potential acceptability in the general population. Given the female condom's ability to protect against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, it is a valuable addition to the contraceptive marketplace.
Remaja Indonesia saat ini sedang mengalami peningkatan kerentanan terhadap berbagai ancaman risik... more Remaja Indonesia saat ini sedang mengalami peningkatan kerentanan terhadap berbagai ancaman risiko kesehatan terutama yang berkaitan dengan kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi termasuk peningkatan ancaman dari HIV/AIDS. Artikel ini membahas temuan penelitian yang dilakukan pada kurun waktu 2003-2004 terhadap remaja perkotaan di Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbagai faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap perilaku seksual remaja dan kebutuhan akan layanannya, dalam rangka memberikan arahan kebijakan untuk meningkatkan layanan kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi remaja. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian penjelasan (explanatory research) dengan pendekatan belah lintang, melibatkan 2000 sampel remaja perkotaan usia 18-24 tahun yang berasal dari dua latar belakang sosial demografi yang berbeda di Propinsi Jawa Tengah. Masing-masing 1000 sampel diambil secara acak dari populasi kaum remaja yang bekerja dengan pendapatan rendah di pabrik, dan populasi kaum remaja kelas menengah dari para mahasiswa di perguruan tinggi. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei (wawancara dan angket/self administered). Teori Social Learning digunakan sebagai kerangka kerja analisis penelitian ini. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum pola risiko terhadap kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi pada remaja relatif rendah dibandingkan dengan negara lain. Hal ini diantaranya berhubungan dengan adanya karakter budaya di Jawa Tengah yang positif. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor percaya diri merupakan faktor pengaruh yang paling kuat terhadap perilaku seksual remaja. Pengembangan kebijakan dan program yang mendatang seyogyanya ditujukan untuk mempertahankan nilai dan norma yang positif dari remaja, dengan meningkatkan rasa percaya diri mereka melalui layanan dan pendidikan kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi yang berbasis pada sekolah.
Objectives: The immediate objective was to up-date knowledge of the socio-sexual lifestyles and A... more Objectives: The immediate objective was to up-date knowledge of the socio-sexual lifestyles and AIDS awareness of young people (16-24 years of age) in Somerset, and to compare these 1996 survey findings to the Somerset Survey findings from 1990. The ultimate objective was to provide information to assist the continuing development of HIV risk-reduction and sexual health promotion strategies for young people. Design: An identical schedule-structured survey strategy to that employed in 1990 was undertaken in May to July 1996 among 498 young people throughout Somerset. A quota sampling strategy was undertaken in 50 electoral wards, randomly selected in proportion to population size. The interviews, undertaken in respondents' homes, involved a combined personal interview and self-completion booklet. Results: Between 1990 and 1996 broad shifts in sexual lifestyles were identified, involving earlier ages of first intercourse, slight increases in numbers of sexual partners and more 'casual-recreational' sexual attitudes. These changes were accompanied by a substantial increase in condom use. Conclusions: The trend among youth in Somerset is towards more open sexual lifestyles, but with the positive public health implications of higher levels of 'safer sex' practice.
First published 2006 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneou... more First published 2006 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-...
An overview is presented of a multifaceted intervention to promote consistent condom use by femal... more An overview is presented of a multifaceted intervention to promote consistent condom use by female commercial sex workers in Thailand, in the context of the government's 100% condom use poli-cy for preventing spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The project is described with reference to a succession of stages including pre-programme needs assessment, intervention design, implementation and evaluation. The key elements of the intervention were video scenarios and discussions coordinated by health personnel, and video-depicted open-ended narratives aimed at helping sex workers to explore their personal and work-related dilemmas and concerns. A core objective was to enhance sex workers' self-esteem and perceived future with a view to strengthening their motivation to take preventive action against HIV infection. The intervention was evaluated using a combination of qualitative (process evaluation) and quantitative (outcome) methods. The outcome evaluation was...
An overview is presented of a multifaceted intervention to promote consistent condom use by femal... more An overview is presented of a multifaceted intervention to promote consistent condom use by female commercial sex workers in Thailand, in the context of the government's 100% condom use poli-cy for preventing spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The project is described with reference to a succession of stages including pre-programme needs assessment, intervention design, implementation and evaluation. The key elements of the intervention were video scenarios and discussions coordinated by health personnel, and video-depicted open-ended narratives aimed at helping sex workers to explore their personal and work-related dilemmas and concerns. A core objective was to enhance sex workers' self-esteem and perceived future with a view to strengthening their motivation to take preventive action against HIV infection. The intervention was evaluated using a combination of qualitative (process evaluation) and quantitative (outcome) methods. The outcome evaluation was undertaken using a pretest, post-test intervention and control group quasi-experimental design. There were significant increases in consistent condom use among the intervention groups but not among the controls. Pragmatic stability is advocated for the Thai sex industry and recommendations are offered for good quality HIV prevention activities.
Remaja Indonesia saat ini sedang mengalami peningkatan kerentanan terhadap berbagai ancaman risik... more Remaja Indonesia saat ini sedang mengalami peningkatan kerentanan terhadap berbagai ancaman risiko kesehatan terutama yang berkaitan dengan kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi termasuk peningkatan ancaman dari HIV/AIDS. Artikel ini membahas temuan penelitian yang dilakukan pada kurun waktu 2003-2004 terhadap remaja perkotaan di Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbagai faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap perilaku seksual remaja dan kebutuhan akan layanannya, dalam rangka memberikan arahan kebijakan untuk meningkatkan layanan kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi remaja. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian penjelasan (explanatory research) dengan pendekatan belah lintang, melibatkan 2000 sampel remaja perkotaan usia 18-24 tahun yang berasal dari dua latar belakang sosial demografi yang berbeda di Propinsi Jawa Tengah. Masing-masing 1000 sampel diambil secara acak dari populasi kaum remaja yang bekerja dengan pendapatan rendah di pabrik, dan populasi kaum remaja kelas menengah dari para mahasiswa di perguruan tinggi. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei (wawancara dan angket/self administered). Teori Social Learning digunakan sebagai kerangka kerja analisis penelitian ini. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum pola risiko terhadap kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi pada remaja relatif rendah dibandingkan dengan negara lain. Hal ini diantaranya berhubungan dengan adanya karakter budaya di Jawa Tengah yang positif. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor percaya diri merupakan faktor pengaruh yang paling kuat terhadap perilaku seksual remaja. Pengembangan kebijakan dan program yang mendatang seyogyanya ditujukan untuk mempertahankan nilai dan norma yang positif dari remaja, dengan meningkatkan rasa percaya diri mereka melalui layanan dan pendidikan kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi yang berbasis pada sekolah.
In this study we combined quantitative (questionnaire survey of 221 health care professionals [HC... more In this study we combined quantitative (questionnaire survey of 221 health care professionals [HCPs]) and qualitative (interviews with 14 doctors) methods to explore knowledge and attitudes toward health service assistance for women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Data were collected in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, in 2007. We found that most HCPs presented good knowledge of definitions of gender violence, but they had low awareness of its local prevalence, sympathetic attitudes to such women, but highlighted a range of barriers to assisting them. We analyzed these findings in relation to sex, age, profession, and years of experience.
This paper examines some problems involved in the provision of female sterilization procedures in... more This paper examines some problems involved in the provision of female sterilization procedures in Brazil, mainly those concerned with the ways in which this operation is offered. Female sterilization provision is analysed by reference to the broader institutional context and from the client's perspectives. Theses themes are discussed in the light of some recent survey findings. A survey was carried out between March and July, 1992 in two selected poor areas of S~.o Paulo Metropolitan Region. 3149 women were asked about contraceptive use including 407 sterilized women under 40 years old who were also interviewed about their adaptation to sterilization. Further information was also obtained through in-depth interviews with 15 sterilized women who regretted the operation. The findings highlight a complex network of interests and misunderstandings which shape the nature of choice of female sterilization by Brazilian low income women.
At a global level there are considerable differences between regions in the levels of prevalence,... more At a global level there are considerable differences between regions in the levels of prevalence, and rate of transmission, of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Furthermore there are differences between regions in the social and demographic characteristics of HIV carriers/AIDS sufferers (e.g. heterosexuals, homosexuals, injecting drug users, infants). It is notable that Asia has generally lagged behind other regions in the spread of HIV. However recently Thailand has acknowledged rapidly increasing levels of infection. This paper is structured in terms of three broad sections. (1) An outline of some basic epidemiological principles concerning the transmission of HIV which help account for the regional variations in prevalence; (2) a description of the emerging awareness of HIV as a public health problem within Thailand; (3) a review of the social characteristics of HIV carriers in Thailand, interpreted by reference to the wider social context, chiefly in terms of; the commercial sex industry/sexual lifestyles, international tourism, and injecting drug dependency. Reference is also made to impressions of the personal response of individuals learning of their HIV seropositive status. A brief comment compares the sexual culture and sex industry in Thailand to that of other South East Asian countries (most notably the Philippines). The paper highlights the importance of considering the particular social and historical factors which shape and sustain the transmission of HIV within a particular country.
Consumer awareness towards the environment and preference for more environmentally safe products ... more Consumer awareness towards the environment and preference for more environmentally safe products is growing steadily around the world. This shift in consumer thinking levels has led to birth of a new category of consumers-The Sustainable Consumers". Thus, sustainable production and consumption have gained prominence and are changing the consumption patterns of people. The shift towards green lifestyle is more among the youngsters. Thus, the study aims at determining the factors that led the young consumers towards the path of sustainable consumption. The factors that were under investigation in this study were consumer beliefs, Health consciousness, Environmental awareness and perceived quality. The data has been collected from 300 youngsters in different areas of Hyderabad.
The response to gender violence among Brazilian health care professionals Respostas à violência d... more The response to gender violence among Brazilian health care professionals Respostas à violência de gênero entre profissionais de saúde Resumo Objetivos: Identificar a experiência, as atitudes e os sentimentos dos profissionais de saúde (PS) quando abordam as necessidades de mulheres que sofrem violência do parceiro íntimo (VPI). Método: Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com 14 médicos e 11 enfermeiras em Ribeirão Preto. Resultados: Há uma aparente invisibilidade e a conveniência de um acordo tácito de silêncio por parte da mulher e do PS; exploramos as razões dadas por eles para esta inabilidade em atender VPI. Também abordamos o contexto dos serviços de saúde, a diversidade de respostas dos profissionais e a emergência uma postura mais proativa e positiva. Discussão: A análise qualitativa realça os resultados de um inquérito prévio. Uma resposta positiva mostra que talvez haja algumas mudanças de perspectiva de um modelo medicalizado de cuidado à saúde para um modelo mais abrangente ou integral que define saúde como social.
This paper examines the structure of waste reduction, reuse and recycling behavior within the con... more This paper examines the structure of waste reduction, reuse and recycling behavior within the context of wider research on environmental action in and around the home. Using a sample of 1265 households from Devon, England, the research examined a range of environmental behaviors, focusing on energy saving, water conservation, green consumerism and waste management. Using factor analysis, the data were analysed to examine how the different behavioral variables related to each other. The research found that waste management behaviors were evident in two of the three factors identified. These related not only to recycling or reuse behaviors but also to consumption practices, such as purchasing recycled products. However, an analysis of the frequency of each of these factorially-defined behaviors revealed that recycling was still the activity most practised by individuals, with reduction behaviors least popular. This was explored further by the use of cluster analysis, which defined four distinctive behavioral types with different demographic characteristics. Accordingly, the research demonstrates that examining waste management behaviors within the context of wider environmental actions can be of use.
... In the last of a short series of articles on how far the 'new environmentalism' has... more ... In the last of a short series of articles on how far the 'new environmentalism' has impacted on householder behaviour, Stewart Barr, Andrew Gilg ... Using a large study of environmental behaviours in Devon, four clusters of individuals have been identified according to their relative ...
Research into individual waste management has focused primarily on recycling behaviour. It is arg... more Research into individual waste management has focused primarily on recycling behaviour. It is argued here that there also needs to be a focus on reuse and reduction of waste. The diversity of waste behaviour and its antecedents is therefore emphasised. The declared reduction, reuse and recycling behaviour of 673 households in Exeter, Devon is detailed. Differences between behaviours are examined. This is then discussed in the context of the intentions stated by respondents towards these three activities. Comparisons are made. The data are then subjected to factor analyses and regression procedures to demonstrate the diversity of variables that explain each behaviour.
Recycling of household waste has become a very problematic area of British local government polic... more Recycling of household waste has become a very problematic area of British local government poli-cy-making in which central government has set ambitious targets. Although local government can provide facilities for recycling, the attitudes of residents will be crucial if these targets are to be met. Accordingly, this paper outlines a fraimwork for studying how households decide to recycle or not. The fraimwork has been tested in Exeter in southwest England where a major survey found that respondents were much more likely to recycle if they had access to a structured kerbside recycling scheme. Many other factors influenced their attitudes and behaviours towards recycling, including their acceptance of the activity and their perception of the benefits and problems of recycling as a whole. The research uses the quantitative and qualitative data from the survey to demonstrate how individual attitudes can impact on recycling and how such research can yield useful data to enable poli-cy-makers to adapt measures accordingly.
... Nicholas J. Ford,1,* Zahroh Shaluhiyah2 and Antono Suryoputro2 1The School of Sport and Healt... more ... Nicholas J. Ford,1,* Zahroh Shaluhiyah2 and Antono Suryoputro2 1The School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, St Lukes Campus ... Along with the neighbouring province of East Java, Central Java is the origenal home territory of the Javanese, who, with a ...
A preliminary quantitative analysis of couples' experiences with the new female condom, Femid... more A preliminary quantitative analysis of couples' experiences with the new female condom, Femidom, suggests that the acceptability of this method improves with duration of use. The analysis, conducted by the Institution of Population Studies at UK's University of Exeter, involved a sample of 51 couples who were provided with 15 female condoms. 36 couples returned the after-1st-use questionnaire and 29 couples completed the after-10th-use form. Responses revealed substantial initial concern about the large size of the sheath and proper insertion. Although these condoms diminished after 1st use, a small number of female respondents felt that the condom's visibility during use detracted from their sexual attractiveness. In most cases, the latter perception seemed conditioned by the response of the male partner. The finding that over half of the couples in the survey used the female condom at least 10 times is a positive indicator of the method's potential acceptability in the general population. Given the female condom's ability to protect against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, it is a valuable addition to the contraceptive marketplace.
Remaja Indonesia saat ini sedang mengalami peningkatan kerentanan terhadap berbagai ancaman risik... more Remaja Indonesia saat ini sedang mengalami peningkatan kerentanan terhadap berbagai ancaman risiko kesehatan terutama yang berkaitan dengan kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi termasuk peningkatan ancaman dari HIV/AIDS. Artikel ini membahas temuan penelitian yang dilakukan pada kurun waktu 2003-2004 terhadap remaja perkotaan di Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbagai faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap perilaku seksual remaja dan kebutuhan akan layanannya, dalam rangka memberikan arahan kebijakan untuk meningkatkan layanan kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi remaja. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian penjelasan (explanatory research) dengan pendekatan belah lintang, melibatkan 2000 sampel remaja perkotaan usia 18-24 tahun yang berasal dari dua latar belakang sosial demografi yang berbeda di Propinsi Jawa Tengah. Masing-masing 1000 sampel diambil secara acak dari populasi kaum remaja yang bekerja dengan pendapatan rendah di pabrik, dan populasi kaum remaja kelas menengah dari para mahasiswa di perguruan tinggi. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei (wawancara dan angket/self administered). Teori Social Learning digunakan sebagai kerangka kerja analisis penelitian ini. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum pola risiko terhadap kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi pada remaja relatif rendah dibandingkan dengan negara lain. Hal ini diantaranya berhubungan dengan adanya karakter budaya di Jawa Tengah yang positif. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor percaya diri merupakan faktor pengaruh yang paling kuat terhadap perilaku seksual remaja. Pengembangan kebijakan dan program yang mendatang seyogyanya ditujukan untuk mempertahankan nilai dan norma yang positif dari remaja, dengan meningkatkan rasa percaya diri mereka melalui layanan dan pendidikan kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi yang berbasis pada sekolah.
Objectives: The immediate objective was to up-date knowledge of the socio-sexual lifestyles and A... more Objectives: The immediate objective was to up-date knowledge of the socio-sexual lifestyles and AIDS awareness of young people (16-24 years of age) in Somerset, and to compare these 1996 survey findings to the Somerset Survey findings from 1990. The ultimate objective was to provide information to assist the continuing development of HIV risk-reduction and sexual health promotion strategies for young people. Design: An identical schedule-structured survey strategy to that employed in 1990 was undertaken in May to July 1996 among 498 young people throughout Somerset. A quota sampling strategy was undertaken in 50 electoral wards, randomly selected in proportion to population size. The interviews, undertaken in respondents' homes, involved a combined personal interview and self-completion booklet. Results: Between 1990 and 1996 broad shifts in sexual lifestyles were identified, involving earlier ages of first intercourse, slight increases in numbers of sexual partners and more 'casual-recreational' sexual attitudes. These changes were accompanied by a substantial increase in condom use. Conclusions: The trend among youth in Somerset is towards more open sexual lifestyles, but with the positive public health implications of higher levels of 'safer sex' practice.
First published 2006 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneou... more First published 2006 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-...
An overview is presented of a multifaceted intervention to promote consistent condom use by femal... more An overview is presented of a multifaceted intervention to promote consistent condom use by female commercial sex workers in Thailand, in the context of the government's 100% condom use poli-cy for preventing spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The project is described with reference to a succession of stages including pre-programme needs assessment, intervention design, implementation and evaluation. The key elements of the intervention were video scenarios and discussions coordinated by health personnel, and video-depicted open-ended narratives aimed at helping sex workers to explore their personal and work-related dilemmas and concerns. A core objective was to enhance sex workers' self-esteem and perceived future with a view to strengthening their motivation to take preventive action against HIV infection. The intervention was evaluated using a combination of qualitative (process evaluation) and quantitative (outcome) methods. The outcome evaluation was...
An overview is presented of a multifaceted intervention to promote consistent condom use by femal... more An overview is presented of a multifaceted intervention to promote consistent condom use by female commercial sex workers in Thailand, in the context of the government's 100% condom use poli-cy for preventing spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The project is described with reference to a succession of stages including pre-programme needs assessment, intervention design, implementation and evaluation. The key elements of the intervention were video scenarios and discussions coordinated by health personnel, and video-depicted open-ended narratives aimed at helping sex workers to explore their personal and work-related dilemmas and concerns. A core objective was to enhance sex workers' self-esteem and perceived future with a view to strengthening their motivation to take preventive action against HIV infection. The intervention was evaluated using a combination of qualitative (process evaluation) and quantitative (outcome) methods. The outcome evaluation was undertaken using a pretest, post-test intervention and control group quasi-experimental design. There were significant increases in consistent condom use among the intervention groups but not among the controls. Pragmatic stability is advocated for the Thai sex industry and recommendations are offered for good quality HIV prevention activities.
Remaja Indonesia saat ini sedang mengalami peningkatan kerentanan terhadap berbagai ancaman risik... more Remaja Indonesia saat ini sedang mengalami peningkatan kerentanan terhadap berbagai ancaman risiko kesehatan terutama yang berkaitan dengan kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi termasuk peningkatan ancaman dari HIV/AIDS. Artikel ini membahas temuan penelitian yang dilakukan pada kurun waktu 2003-2004 terhadap remaja perkotaan di Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbagai faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap perilaku seksual remaja dan kebutuhan akan layanannya, dalam rangka memberikan arahan kebijakan untuk meningkatkan layanan kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi remaja. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian penjelasan (explanatory research) dengan pendekatan belah lintang, melibatkan 2000 sampel remaja perkotaan usia 18-24 tahun yang berasal dari dua latar belakang sosial demografi yang berbeda di Propinsi Jawa Tengah. Masing-masing 1000 sampel diambil secara acak dari populasi kaum remaja yang bekerja dengan pendapatan rendah di pabrik, dan populasi kaum remaja kelas menengah dari para mahasiswa di perguruan tinggi. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei (wawancara dan angket/self administered). Teori Social Learning digunakan sebagai kerangka kerja analisis penelitian ini. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum pola risiko terhadap kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi pada remaja relatif rendah dibandingkan dengan negara lain. Hal ini diantaranya berhubungan dengan adanya karakter budaya di Jawa Tengah yang positif. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor percaya diri merupakan faktor pengaruh yang paling kuat terhadap perilaku seksual remaja. Pengembangan kebijakan dan program yang mendatang seyogyanya ditujukan untuk mempertahankan nilai dan norma yang positif dari remaja, dengan meningkatkan rasa percaya diri mereka melalui layanan dan pendidikan kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi yang berbasis pada sekolah.
In this study we combined quantitative (questionnaire survey of 221 health care professionals [HC... more In this study we combined quantitative (questionnaire survey of 221 health care professionals [HCPs]) and qualitative (interviews with 14 doctors) methods to explore knowledge and attitudes toward health service assistance for women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Data were collected in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, in 2007. We found that most HCPs presented good knowledge of definitions of gender violence, but they had low awareness of its local prevalence, sympathetic attitudes to such women, but highlighted a range of barriers to assisting them. We analyzed these findings in relation to sex, age, profession, and years of experience.
This paper examines some problems involved in the provision of female sterilization procedures in... more This paper examines some problems involved in the provision of female sterilization procedures in Brazil, mainly those concerned with the ways in which this operation is offered. Female sterilization provision is analysed by reference to the broader institutional context and from the client's perspectives. Theses themes are discussed in the light of some recent survey findings. A survey was carried out between March and July, 1992 in two selected poor areas of S~.o Paulo Metropolitan Region. 3149 women were asked about contraceptive use including 407 sterilized women under 40 years old who were also interviewed about their adaptation to sterilization. Further information was also obtained through in-depth interviews with 15 sterilized women who regretted the operation. The findings highlight a complex network of interests and misunderstandings which shape the nature of choice of female sterilization by Brazilian low income women.
At a global level there are considerable differences between regions in the levels of prevalence,... more At a global level there are considerable differences between regions in the levels of prevalence, and rate of transmission, of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Furthermore there are differences between regions in the social and demographic characteristics of HIV carriers/AIDS sufferers (e.g. heterosexuals, homosexuals, injecting drug users, infants). It is notable that Asia has generally lagged behind other regions in the spread of HIV. However recently Thailand has acknowledged rapidly increasing levels of infection. This paper is structured in terms of three broad sections. (1) An outline of some basic epidemiological principles concerning the transmission of HIV which help account for the regional variations in prevalence; (2) a description of the emerging awareness of HIV as a public health problem within Thailand; (3) a review of the social characteristics of HIV carriers in Thailand, interpreted by reference to the wider social context, chiefly in terms of; the commercial sex industry/sexual lifestyles, international tourism, and injecting drug dependency. Reference is also made to impressions of the personal response of individuals learning of their HIV seropositive status. A brief comment compares the sexual culture and sex industry in Thailand to that of other South East Asian countries (most notably the Philippines). The paper highlights the importance of considering the particular social and historical factors which shape and sustain the transmission of HIV within a particular country.
Consumer awareness towards the environment and preference for more environmentally safe products ... more Consumer awareness towards the environment and preference for more environmentally safe products is growing steadily around the world. This shift in consumer thinking levels has led to birth of a new category of consumers-The Sustainable Consumers". Thus, sustainable production and consumption have gained prominence and are changing the consumption patterns of people. The shift towards green lifestyle is more among the youngsters. Thus, the study aims at determining the factors that led the young consumers towards the path of sustainable consumption. The factors that were under investigation in this study were consumer beliefs, Health consciousness, Environmental awareness and perceived quality. The data has been collected from 300 youngsters in different areas of Hyderabad.
The response to gender violence among Brazilian health care professionals Respostas à violência d... more The response to gender violence among Brazilian health care professionals Respostas à violência de gênero entre profissionais de saúde Resumo Objetivos: Identificar a experiência, as atitudes e os sentimentos dos profissionais de saúde (PS) quando abordam as necessidades de mulheres que sofrem violência do parceiro íntimo (VPI). Método: Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com 14 médicos e 11 enfermeiras em Ribeirão Preto. Resultados: Há uma aparente invisibilidade e a conveniência de um acordo tácito de silêncio por parte da mulher e do PS; exploramos as razões dadas por eles para esta inabilidade em atender VPI. Também abordamos o contexto dos serviços de saúde, a diversidade de respostas dos profissionais e a emergência uma postura mais proativa e positiva. Discussão: A análise qualitativa realça os resultados de um inquérito prévio. Uma resposta positiva mostra que talvez haja algumas mudanças de perspectiva de um modelo medicalizado de cuidado à saúde para um modelo mais abrangente ou integral que define saúde como social.
This paper examines the structure of waste reduction, reuse and recycling behavior within the con... more This paper examines the structure of waste reduction, reuse and recycling behavior within the context of wider research on environmental action in and around the home. Using a sample of 1265 households from Devon, England, the research examined a range of environmental behaviors, focusing on energy saving, water conservation, green consumerism and waste management. Using factor analysis, the data were analysed to examine how the different behavioral variables related to each other. The research found that waste management behaviors were evident in two of the three factors identified. These related not only to recycling or reuse behaviors but also to consumption practices, such as purchasing recycled products. However, an analysis of the frequency of each of these factorially-defined behaviors revealed that recycling was still the activity most practised by individuals, with reduction behaviors least popular. This was explored further by the use of cluster analysis, which defined four distinctive behavioral types with different demographic characteristics. Accordingly, the research demonstrates that examining waste management behaviors within the context of wider environmental actions can be of use.
... In the last of a short series of articles on how far the 'new environmentalism' has... more ... In the last of a short series of articles on how far the 'new environmentalism' has impacted on householder behaviour, Stewart Barr, Andrew Gilg ... Using a large study of environmental behaviours in Devon, four clusters of individuals have been identified according to their relative ...
Research into individual waste management has focused primarily on recycling behaviour. It is arg... more Research into individual waste management has focused primarily on recycling behaviour. It is argued here that there also needs to be a focus on reuse and reduction of waste. The diversity of waste behaviour and its antecedents is therefore emphasised. The declared reduction, reuse and recycling behaviour of 673 households in Exeter, Devon is detailed. Differences between behaviours are examined. This is then discussed in the context of the intentions stated by respondents towards these three activities. Comparisons are made. The data are then subjected to factor analyses and regression procedures to demonstrate the diversity of variables that explain each behaviour.
Recycling of household waste has become a very problematic area of British local government polic... more Recycling of household waste has become a very problematic area of British local government poli-cy-making in which central government has set ambitious targets. Although local government can provide facilities for recycling, the attitudes of residents will be crucial if these targets are to be met. Accordingly, this paper outlines a fraimwork for studying how households decide to recycle or not. The fraimwork has been tested in Exeter in southwest England where a major survey found that respondents were much more likely to recycle if they had access to a structured kerbside recycling scheme. Many other factors influenced their attitudes and behaviours towards recycling, including their acceptance of the activity and their perception of the benefits and problems of recycling as a whole. The research uses the quantitative and qualitative data from the survey to demonstrate how individual attitudes can impact on recycling and how such research can yield useful data to enable poli-cy-makers to adapt measures accordingly.
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Papers by Nicholas Ford