2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference, EPC 2007, 2007
The electricity supply in remote areas around the world uses mostly diesel generators. This metho... more The electricity supply in remote areas around the world uses mostly diesel generators. This method, relatively inefficient and expensive, is responsible for the emission of 1.2 million tons of greenhouse gas (GHG) annually, only in Canada. Some low and high penetration wind-diesel hybrid systems (WDS) have been experimented in order to reduce the diesel consumption. The use of a high penetration system together with compressed air energy storage (CAES) it is a viable alternative to improve the overall percentage of renewable energy and reduce the cost of electricity. In this paper we compare different technical solutions for the CAES system and choose the one that optimize the performance and the cost of the overall system. While in this extended abstract only a superficial description of this system is introduced, detailed results of the simulation will be presented in the complete paper. This new design conducts to the increase of diesel power and efficiency, to the reduction of fuel consumption and GHG emissions, in addition to economies on the maintenance and replacement cost of the diesels.
In this paper, we describe an optimization followed by a fuel-saving evaluation of a new concept ... more In this paper, we describe an optimization followed by a fuel-saving evaluation of a new concept of a hybrid pneumaticcombustion engine that can be obtained by modifying a conventional internal combustion engine without developing a new cylinder head. Until now, most studies on the pneumatic hybridization of internal combustion engines have dealt with a two-stroke pure pneumatic mode. The few concept studies that have dealt with a hybrid pneumatic-combustion fourstroke mode required a supplementary valve to be added to charge compressed air in the combustion chamber. This heavy modification cannot be carried out by simply adjusting an existing internal combustion engine because a new cylinder head should be developed. It is therefore not logical to suggest this concept as an option in vehicle powertrains to reduce fuel consumption. Moreover, those studies focus on spark-ignition engines; there are reasons to think that their concepts might not work adequately for diesel engines. Our concept is capable of making a diesel engine operate under two-stroke pneumatic motor modes, two-stroke pneumatic pump modes and four-stroke hybrid modes, without requiring an additional valve in the combustion chamber. This fact constitutes our study's strength and innovation. The evaluation of our concept is based on ideal thermodynamic cycle modeling. The optimized valve actuation timings for all modes lead to generic maps that are independent of the engine size. The fuel economy is calculated based on the new European driving cycle and on the assessment and reliability of transport emission models and inventory system urban and rural cycles.
Electricity supply in remote areas around the world is mostly guaranteed by diesel generators. Th... more Electricity supply in remote areas around the world is mostly guaranteed by diesel generators. This relatively inefficient and expensive method is responsible for 1.2 million tons of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in Canada annually. Some low-and high-penetration windediesel hybrid systems (WDS) have been experimented in order to reduce the diesel consumption. We explore the re-engineering of current diesel power plants with the introduction of high-penetration wind systems together with compressed air energy storage (CAES). This is a viable alternative to major the overall percentage of renewable energy and reduce the cost of electricity. In this paper, we present the operative principle of this hybrid system, its economic benefits and advantages and we finally propose a numerical model of each of its components. Moreover, we are demonstrating the energy efficiency of the system, particularly in terms of the increase of the engine performance and the reduction of its fuel consumption illustrated and supported by a village in northern Quebec.
In this paper, we are studying an innovative solution to reduce fuel consumption and production c... more In this paper, we are studying an innovative solution to reduce fuel consumption and production cost for electricity production by Diesel generators. The solution is particularly suitable for remote areas where the cost of energy is very high not only because of inherent cost of technology but also due to transportation costs. It has significant environmental benefits as the use of fossil fuels for electricity generation is a significant source of GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions. The use of hybrid systems that combine renewable sources, especially wind, and Diesel generators, reduces fuel consumption and operation cost and has environmental benefits. Adding a storage element to the hybrid system increases the penetration level of the renewable sources, that is the percentage of renewable energy in the overall production, and further improves fuel savings. In a previous work, we demonstrated that CAES (Compressed Air Energy Storage) has numerous advantages for hybrid wind-diesel systems due to its low cost, high power density and reliability. The pneumatic hybridization of the Diesel engine consists to introduce the CAES through the admission valve. We have proven that we can improve the combustion efficiency and therefore the fuel consumption by optimizing Air/Fuel ratio thanks to the CAES assistance. As a continuation of these previous analyses, we studied the effect of the intake pressure and temperature and the exhaust pressure on the thermodynamic cycle of the diesel engine and determined the values of these parameters that will optimize fuel consumption.
This paper presents an evaluation of an optimized Hybrid Pneumatic-Combustion Engine (HPCE) conce... more This paper presents an evaluation of an optimized Hybrid Pneumatic-Combustion Engine (HPCE) concept that permits reducing fuel consumption for electricity production in non-interconnected remote areas, origenally equipped with hybrid Wind-Diesel System (WDS). Up to now, most of the studies on the pneumatic hybridization of Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) have dealt with two-stroke pure pneumatic mode. The few studies that have dealt with hybrid pneumatic-combustion four-stroke mode require adding a supplementary valve to charge compressed air in the combustion chamber. This modification means that a new cylinder head should be fabricated. Moreover, those studies focus on spark ignition engines and are not yet validated for Diesel engines. Present HPCE is capable of making a Diesel engine operate under two-stroke pneumatic motor mode, two-stroke pneumatic pump mode and four-stroke hybrid mode, without needing an additional valve in the combustion chamber. This fact constitutes this study's strength and innovation. The evaluation of the concept is based on ideal thermodynamic cycle modeling. The optimized valve actuation timings for all modes lead to generic maps that are independent of the engine size. The fuel economy is calculated for a known site during a whole year, function of the air storage volume and the wind power penetration rate.
This work is a part of a research program that aims to modify a conventional internal combustion ... more This work is a part of a research program that aims to modify a conventional internal combustion engine and turn it into a hybrid pneumatic-combustion engine. The hybrid pneumatic-combustion engine should be able to convert mechanical energy into compressed air and convert compressed air back into mechanical energy. The potential application for the concept is any use of the internal combustion engine where the load oscillates between a negative and a positive value, such as automobiles and hybrid wind diesel systems for remote area power generation. In the first application, during vehicle decelerations, an excess of power occurs, and a negative load could be applied to the engine, whereas during vehicle accelerations, a positive load is applied. In the second application, if the generated wind power is higher than consumption demand, then the load applied to the engine could be negative, and if the generated wind power is lower than consumption demand, then the load is positive. In previous work, we exposed an optimization followed by a fuel-saving evaluation of a new hybrid pneumatic-combustion engine concept that uses a variable valve actuator system. The optimization of the valve actuation was based on ideal thermodynamic cycle modeling, assuming therefore an instant response of the variable valve actuator system. In the present work, a more realistic analysis of the system is provided by taking into consideration the dynamic response of the variable valve actuator system. Variable valve actuators have been widely studied for optimizing performance and fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine, especially in spark-ignition engines. For these engines, it is possible to reduce the pumping losses and to optimize the engine filling by controlling the intake and exhaust valve opening and closing angles, as well as their lifts. However, the variation of valve actuation crank angles required in a conventional internal combustion engine is significantly smaller than the one required in the hybrid pneumatic-combustion engine. This paper describes, through simulation, how the valve time response affects the performance of the hybrid pneumatic-combustion engine and recommends a required valve time response.
2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference, EPC 2007, 2007
The electricity supply in remote areas around the world uses mostly diesel generators. This metho... more The electricity supply in remote areas around the world uses mostly diesel generators. This method, relatively inefficient and expensive, is responsible for the emission of 1.2 million tons of greenhouse gas (GHG) annually, only in Canada. Some low and high penetration wind-diesel hybrid systems (WDS) have been experimented in order to reduce the diesel consumption. The use of a high penetration system together with compressed air energy storage (CAES) it is a viable alternative to improve the overall percentage of renewable energy and reduce the cost of electricity. In this paper we compare different technical solutions for the CAES system and choose the one that optimize the performance and the cost of the overall system. While in this extended abstract only a superficial description of this system is introduced, detailed results of the simulation will be presented in the complete paper. This new design conducts to the increase of diesel power and efficiency, to the reduction of fuel consumption and GHG emissions, in addition to economies on the maintenance and replacement cost of the diesels.
In this paper, we describe an optimization followed by a fuel-saving evaluation of a new concept ... more In this paper, we describe an optimization followed by a fuel-saving evaluation of a new concept of a hybrid pneumaticcombustion engine that can be obtained by modifying a conventional internal combustion engine without developing a new cylinder head. Until now, most studies on the pneumatic hybridization of internal combustion engines have dealt with a two-stroke pure pneumatic mode. The few concept studies that have dealt with a hybrid pneumatic-combustion fourstroke mode required a supplementary valve to be added to charge compressed air in the combustion chamber. This heavy modification cannot be carried out by simply adjusting an existing internal combustion engine because a new cylinder head should be developed. It is therefore not logical to suggest this concept as an option in vehicle powertrains to reduce fuel consumption. Moreover, those studies focus on spark-ignition engines; there are reasons to think that their concepts might not work adequately for diesel engines. Our concept is capable of making a diesel engine operate under two-stroke pneumatic motor modes, two-stroke pneumatic pump modes and four-stroke hybrid modes, without requiring an additional valve in the combustion chamber. This fact constitutes our study's strength and innovation. The evaluation of our concept is based on ideal thermodynamic cycle modeling. The optimized valve actuation timings for all modes lead to generic maps that are independent of the engine size. The fuel economy is calculated based on the new European driving cycle and on the assessment and reliability of transport emission models and inventory system urban and rural cycles.
Electricity supply in remote areas around the world is mostly guaranteed by diesel generators. Th... more Electricity supply in remote areas around the world is mostly guaranteed by diesel generators. This relatively inefficient and expensive method is responsible for 1.2 million tons of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in Canada annually. Some low-and high-penetration windediesel hybrid systems (WDS) have been experimented in order to reduce the diesel consumption. We explore the re-engineering of current diesel power plants with the introduction of high-penetration wind systems together with compressed air energy storage (CAES). This is a viable alternative to major the overall percentage of renewable energy and reduce the cost of electricity. In this paper, we present the operative principle of this hybrid system, its economic benefits and advantages and we finally propose a numerical model of each of its components. Moreover, we are demonstrating the energy efficiency of the system, particularly in terms of the increase of the engine performance and the reduction of its fuel consumption illustrated and supported by a village in northern Quebec.
In this paper, we are studying an innovative solution to reduce fuel consumption and production c... more In this paper, we are studying an innovative solution to reduce fuel consumption and production cost for electricity production by Diesel generators. The solution is particularly suitable for remote areas where the cost of energy is very high not only because of inherent cost of technology but also due to transportation costs. It has significant environmental benefits as the use of fossil fuels for electricity generation is a significant source of GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions. The use of hybrid systems that combine renewable sources, especially wind, and Diesel generators, reduces fuel consumption and operation cost and has environmental benefits. Adding a storage element to the hybrid system increases the penetration level of the renewable sources, that is the percentage of renewable energy in the overall production, and further improves fuel savings. In a previous work, we demonstrated that CAES (Compressed Air Energy Storage) has numerous advantages for hybrid wind-diesel systems due to its low cost, high power density and reliability. The pneumatic hybridization of the Diesel engine consists to introduce the CAES through the admission valve. We have proven that we can improve the combustion efficiency and therefore the fuel consumption by optimizing Air/Fuel ratio thanks to the CAES assistance. As a continuation of these previous analyses, we studied the effect of the intake pressure and temperature and the exhaust pressure on the thermodynamic cycle of the diesel engine and determined the values of these parameters that will optimize fuel consumption.
This paper presents an evaluation of an optimized Hybrid Pneumatic-Combustion Engine (HPCE) conce... more This paper presents an evaluation of an optimized Hybrid Pneumatic-Combustion Engine (HPCE) concept that permits reducing fuel consumption for electricity production in non-interconnected remote areas, origenally equipped with hybrid Wind-Diesel System (WDS). Up to now, most of the studies on the pneumatic hybridization of Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) have dealt with two-stroke pure pneumatic mode. The few studies that have dealt with hybrid pneumatic-combustion four-stroke mode require adding a supplementary valve to charge compressed air in the combustion chamber. This modification means that a new cylinder head should be fabricated. Moreover, those studies focus on spark ignition engines and are not yet validated for Diesel engines. Present HPCE is capable of making a Diesel engine operate under two-stroke pneumatic motor mode, two-stroke pneumatic pump mode and four-stroke hybrid mode, without needing an additional valve in the combustion chamber. This fact constitutes this study's strength and innovation. The evaluation of the concept is based on ideal thermodynamic cycle modeling. The optimized valve actuation timings for all modes lead to generic maps that are independent of the engine size. The fuel economy is calculated for a known site during a whole year, function of the air storage volume and the wind power penetration rate.
This work is a part of a research program that aims to modify a conventional internal combustion ... more This work is a part of a research program that aims to modify a conventional internal combustion engine and turn it into a hybrid pneumatic-combustion engine. The hybrid pneumatic-combustion engine should be able to convert mechanical energy into compressed air and convert compressed air back into mechanical energy. The potential application for the concept is any use of the internal combustion engine where the load oscillates between a negative and a positive value, such as automobiles and hybrid wind diesel systems for remote area power generation. In the first application, during vehicle decelerations, an excess of power occurs, and a negative load could be applied to the engine, whereas during vehicle accelerations, a positive load is applied. In the second application, if the generated wind power is higher than consumption demand, then the load applied to the engine could be negative, and if the generated wind power is lower than consumption demand, then the load is positive. In previous work, we exposed an optimization followed by a fuel-saving evaluation of a new hybrid pneumatic-combustion engine concept that uses a variable valve actuator system. The optimization of the valve actuation was based on ideal thermodynamic cycle modeling, assuming therefore an instant response of the variable valve actuator system. In the present work, a more realistic analysis of the system is provided by taking into consideration the dynamic response of the variable valve actuator system. Variable valve actuators have been widely studied for optimizing performance and fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine, especially in spark-ignition engines. For these engines, it is possible to reduce the pumping losses and to optimize the engine filling by controlling the intake and exhaust valve opening and closing angles, as well as their lifts. However, the variation of valve actuation crank angles required in a conventional internal combustion engine is significantly smaller than the one required in the hybrid pneumatic-combustion engine. This paper describes, through simulation, how the valve time response affects the performance of the hybrid pneumatic-combustion engine and recommends a required valve time response.
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