Washington State Partnership Efforts
Publications
Puget Sound
Alexander Dolcimascolo, D. W. Eungard, Corina Allen, R. J. LeVeque, L. M. Adams, Diego Arcas, V. V. Titov, F. I. González, Christopher Moore, C. E. Garrison-Laney, T. J. Walsh. 2021. Tsunami hazard maps of the Puget Sound and adjacent waters-Model results from an extended L1 Mw 9.0 Cascadia subduction zone megathrust earthquake scenario, by Revised 2022. Sixteen 36 x 42 in. map sheets, scale 1:48,000, with 49 p. Text.
González, F.I., B.L. Sherrod, B.F. Atwater, A.P. Frankel, S.P. Palmer, M.L. Holmes, R.E. Karlin, B.E. Jaffe, V.V. Titov, H.O. Mofjeld, and A.J. Venturato (2003): Puget Sound Tsunami Sources—2002 Workshop Report. In A contribution to the Inundation Mapping Project of the U.S. National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program, NOAA OAR Special Report, NOAA/OAR/PMEL, 34 pp.
Koshimura, S., H.O. Mofjeld, F.I. González, and A.L. Moore (2002): Modeling the 1100 bp paleotsunami in Puget Sound, Washington. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(20), 1948, doi: 10.1029/2002GL015170. [PDF Version]
Mofjeld, H.O., A.J. Venturato, V.V. Titov, F.I. González, and J.C. Newman (2002): Tidal datum distributions in Puget Sound, Washington, based on a tidal model. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-122 (PB2003102259), NOAAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 35 pp. [PDF Version]
Puget Sound Tsunami Inundation Modeling,
Preliminary Report : Phase 2 by Shun-ichi KOSHIMURA and Harold MOFJELD
Center for TIME, Tsunami Research Program, PMEL/ NOAA
Puget Sound Tsunamis - A New Partnership to Model and Map the Hazard
Titov, V.V., F.I. González, H.O. Mofjeld, and A.J. Venturato (2003): NOAA TIME Seattle Tsunami Mapping Project: Procedures, data sources, and products. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-124, NTIS: PB2004-101635, 21 pp. [PDF Version]
Walsh, T.J., V.V. Titov, A.J. Venturato, H.O. Mofjeld, and F.I. González (2003): Tsunami hazard map of the Elliott Bay area, Seattle, Washington—Modeled tsunami inundation from a Seattle fault earthquake. Washington State Department of Natural Resources Open File Report 2003-14, 1 plate, scale 1:50,000. [PDF Version]
Tacoma
Venturato, A.J., D. Arcas, V.V. Titov, H.O. Mofjeld, C.C. Chamberlin, and F.I. Gonzalez (2007): Tacoma, Washington, tsunami hazard mapping project: Modeling tsunami inundation from Tacoma and Seattle fault earthquakes. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-132, 23pp (PDF)
Tsunami hazard map of Tacoma, Washington—Model results for Seattle fault and Tacoma fault earthquake tsunamis, by T. J. Walsh, Diego Arcas, A. J. Venturato, V. V. Titov, H. O. Mofjeld, C. C. Chamberlin, and F. I. González. 2009. 55 x 36 in. color sheet, scales 1:36,000 and 1:62,500. [ONLINE]
Pacific Coast (Cascadia Subduction Zone studies) - Long Beach and Ocean Shores
Alexander Dolcimascolo, D. W. Eungard, Corina Allen, R. J. LeVeque, L. M. Adams, Diego Arcas, V. V. Titov, F. I. González, Christopher Moore, C. E. Garrison-Laney, T. J. Walsh. 2022. Tsunami hazard maps of the Olympic Peninsula-Model results from an extended L1 Mw 9.0 Cascadia subduction zone megathrust earthquake scenario, Fourteen 30 x 42 in. map sheets, scale 1:48,000, with 21 p. Text.
Mofjeld, H.O., A.J. Venturato, F.I. González, V.V. Titov, and J.C. Newman (2004): The harmonic constant datum method: Options for overcoming datum discontinuities at mixed-diurnal tidal transitions. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 21, 95–104.
Venturato, A.J., D. Arcas, and U. Kânoğlu (2007): Modeling tsunami inundation from a Cascadia subduction zone earthquake for Long Beach and Ocean Shores, Washington. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-137, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 26 pp. [PDF version]
Walsh, T.J., V.V. Titov, A.J. Venturato, H.O. Mofjeld, and F.I. González (2004): Tsunami hazard map of the Bellingham area, Washington—Modeled tsunami inundation from a Cascadia subduction zone earthquake. Washington Department of Natural Resources Open File Report 2004-15, 40 x 36 in. color sheet, scale 1:50,000.
Wong, F.L., A.J. Venturato, and E.L. Geist (2006): Seaside, Oregon Tsunami Pilot Study -- Modernization of FEMA Flood Maps: GIS Data. U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 236.
Tsunami Pilot Study Working Group, (2006): Seaside, Oregon Tsunami Pilot Study—Modernization of FEMA flood hazard maps. NOAA OAR Special Report, NOAA/OAR/PMEL, Seattle, WA, 94 pp. + 7 appendices.
Venturato, A.J. (2005): A digital elevation model for Seaside, Oregon: Procedures, data sources, and analyses. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-129, NTIS: PB2006-101562, 17 pp.
Mofjeld, H.O., A.J. Venturato, F.I. González, and V.V. Titov (2004): Background tides and sea level variations at Seaside, Oregon. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-126, NTIS: PB2005-100990, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 15 pp
Strait of Juan de Fuca (Cascadia Subduction Zone studies): Bellingham, Anacortes, Whidbey Island, Willapa Bay, Neah Bay, Port Angeles and Port Townsend
D. W. Eungard, Corina Forson, T. J. Walsh, Edison Gica, and Diego Arcas. 2018. Tsunami hazard maps of the Anacortes-Bellingham area, Washington-Model results from a ~2,500-year Cascadia subduction zone earthquake scenario, Six 36 x 36 in. map sheets, scale 1:30,000, with 10 p. Text.
Mofjeld, H.O., M.G.G. Foreman, and A. Ruffman (1997): West coast tides during Cascadia Subduction Zone tsunamis. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24(17), 2215–2218.
T. J. Walsh, Edison Gica, Diego Arcas, V. V. Titov, and D. W. Eungard. 2016. Tsunami hazard maps of the San Juan Islands, Washington-Model results from a Cascadia subduction zone earthquake scenario, Four 36 x 36 in. map sheets, scale 1:24,000 and 1:48,000, with 9 p. text.
Venturato, A.J., V.V. Titov, H.O. Mofjeld, and F.I. González (2004): NOAA TIME eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington, mapping project: Procedures, data sources, and products. NOAA Tech. Memo OAR PMEL-127, NTIS: PB2005-101207, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 22 pp
Animations
Seattle Fault Earthquake
These animations are based on a simulated magnitude (Mw) 7.3 earthquake along the Seattle Fault. Details on the fault parameters and subsequent analysis at Seattle and Tacoma, Washington, are available in Titov et al., 2003 and Venturato et al., 2007, respectively.
- Seattle Inundation [18.6 MB, Quicktime]
- Tacoma Inundation [6.1 MB file, .mov]
Tacoma Fault Earthquake
These animations depict two possible earthquake scenarios along the Tacoma Fault. The first scenario considers a magnitude (Mw) 7.3 earthquake based on published fault traces from Johnson et al., 2004 extending from Case Inlet eastward through Dumas Bay. The second scenario considers a magnitude (Mw) 7.3 earthquake based on an inferred wedge tip along the Rosedale monocline described in Brocher et al., 2004. Details on the fault parameters for these scenarios are available in Venturato et al., 2007.
- Tacoma Inundation based on Tacoma Fault Scenario [4.5 MB file, .mov]
- Tacoma Inundation based on Rosedale-dominant Tacoma Fault Scenario [4.1 MB file, .mov]
Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquake
The NOAA Center for Tsunami Research modeled tsunami inundation from a great Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake for the coastal communities of Long Beach and Ocean Shores, Washington. A high-resolution numerical model was used to estimate tsunami propagation and inundation along the outer coast of southwest Washington. The tsunami source is based on prior work by Walsh et al., (2000) that simulates a great Mw 9.1 earthquake with an asperity off the coast of northern Washington. Details of this scenario and the model results are provided in Venturato et al., 2007. These animations depict wave propagation and inundation at each location.
Propagation and inundation (research products)
- Long Beach propagation and Inundation [7.7MB file, .mov]
- Ocean Shores propagation and Inundation [7.6MB file, .mov]
Detailed Inundation (research products)
- Long Beach Inundation [49.2 MB file, .mov]
- Ocean Shores Inundation [139.6 MB file, .mov]
Data
Datums
- Puget Sound Tidal Datum Distributions: Geospatial Data
- Mofjeld, H.O., A.J. Venturato, V.V. Titov, F.I. Gonzalez, and J.C. Newman (2002): Tidal datum distributions in Puget Sound, Washington, based on a tidal model. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL-122, 35 pp.
Tsunami Sources:
Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) created by NCTR
- DEMS for tacoma - ftp.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami/state/wa/tacoma [zip file, 832 kb]
- DEMS for San Juan de Fuca - ftp.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami/state/wa/sjdf [zip file, 19.6 Mb]
Related links (external to PMEL)
Tsunami hazard maps and other resources are available from the Washington State Department of Natural Resources Division of Geology and Earth Resources.
- Contact the Washington Military Department Emergency Management Division for information on evacuation maps.
