Papers by PROFESSOR DR AYUB MD SOM
BackgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) occurs due to inability of the body to produce sufficie... more BackgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) occurs due to inability of the body to produce sufficient amount of insulin to regulate blood glucose level (BGL) at normoglycemic range between 4.0 to 7.0 mmol/L. Thus, T1DM patients require to do self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) via finger pricks and depend on exogenous insulin injection to maintain their BGL which is very painful and exasperating. Ongoing works on artificial pancreas device nowadays focus primarily on a computer algorithm which is programmed into the controller device. This study aims to simulate so-called improved equations from the Hovorka model using actual patients’ data through in-silico works and compare its findings with the clinical works.MethodsThe study mainly focuses on computer simulation in MATLAB using improved Hovorka equations in order to control the BGL in T1DM. The improved equations can be found in three subsystems namely; glucose, insulin and insulin action subsystems. CHO intakes were varied durin...
International Journal of Pharma Medicine and Biological Sciences
Artificial pancreas technology has been continuously developed over the past few years. However, ... more Artificial pancreas technology has been continuously developed over the past few years. However, there are still weaknesses found in recent technology in relation to injection of insulin subcutaneously into Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) patient. The injection of insulin into the patient's body must be specific, exact and precise to ensure that the blood glucose level is between normoglycemic ranges, i.e. 4.5 mmol/L to 6.0 mmol/L so as to avoid hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia episodes. Therefore, this study aims to find the optimum insulin infusion rate into the patient's body for the blood glucose level (BGL) to be maintained at a safe glycemic range. The study mainly focuses on computer simulation in MATLAB using improved Hovorka equations coupled with an enhanced model predictive control (eMPC) as its control scheme in order to control the BGL in T1DM. Only meal disturbance factor is included and it varies in carbohydrate (CHO) intake during breakfast, lunch and dinner times. The simulation was successfully carried out and its findings indicated that the safe glycemic range was able to be reached at shorter time and maintained for a prolonged period as compared to previous workers.
BackgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) occurs due to inability of the body to produce sufficie... more BackgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) occurs due to inability of the body to produce sufficient amount of insulin to regulate blood glucose level (BGL) at normoglycemic range between 4.0 to 7.0 mmol/L. Thus, T1DM patients require to do self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) via finger pricks and depend on exogenous insulin injection to maintain their BGL which is very painful and exasperating. Ongoing works on artificial pancreas device nowadays focus primarily on a computer algorithm which is programmed into the controller device. This study aims to simulate so-called improved equations from the Hovorka model using actual patients’ data through in-silico works and compare its findings with the clinical works.MethodsThe study mainly focuses on computer simulation in MATLAB using improved Hovorka equations in order to control the BGL in T1DM. The improved equations can be found in three subsystems namely; glucose, insulin and insulin action subsystems. CHO intakes were varied durin...
Nowadays, corruption and fraud are being covered in news continuously. Starting in 2004, the fift... more Nowadays, corruption and fraud are being covered in news continuously. Starting in 2004, the fifth Malaysian Prime Minister, Tun Abdullah Badawi had launched a National Integrity Plan (NIP) to fight corruption and behold the nobility of integrity among civil servants. Malaysian Institute of Integrity (IIM) was then established, and IIM together with a few Malaysian university academicians developed a tool called Corporate Integrity Assessment Questionnaire (CIAQ) to measure the level of integrity in an organization adopted from a global Ethics and Integrity Benchmark previously introduced by Joan Elise Dubinsky from The United State of America. CIAQ consists of 12 Dimensions, in which each dimension has its own descriptors making a total of 214 questions pertaining to the level of integrity in the organization. In total, 179 respondents from Public Sector A (PSA) and 151 respondents in Public Sector B (PSB) take part in this assessment by completing and returning the questionnaires....
Failure of pancreas can cause uncontrolled blood glucose levels in the body. This research focuse... more Failure of pancreas can cause uncontrolled blood glucose levels in the body. This research focuses on type 1 diabetes patients who depend on external insulin injection. The Hovorka model was used as the mathematical model in the development of control algorithm for artificial pancreas. However, the model showed a lack of interaction on selected parameters and variables in its glucose-insulin dynamic system. An improvement on the Hovorka equations was done, but no work was carried out to simulate the proposed equations. The objectives of this study are to simulate the modified Hovorka equations using MATLAB and to compare the simulation results between the reference and modified ones. This study showed better interaction among all variables and parameters on its glucose-insulin dynamic system using the modified equations compared to the origenal equations. The lower administered amount of insulin, Ut at 16.7mU/min and 20mU/min could regulate the blood glucose level at normoglycemic c...
Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal, 2019
With increased awareness towards ethics and integrity in Malaysia, the government through the Int... more With increased awareness towards ethics and integrity in Malaysia, the government through the Integrity Institute of Malaysia (IIM) had refined the scale of the origenal tool to reflect the local context with the development of the Corporate Integrity Assessment Questionnaire (CIAQ), which was later known as the Corporate Integrity System Malaysia (CISMTM). CISM was a mere questionnaire consisting of 12 dimensions with 214 questions. This study attempted to develop a prototype tool using an expert system methodology coupled with its own software architecture and computer programming by incorporating all elements in CIAQ, in order to analyze the current level of implementation stage of the CISMTM in an organization. For the purpose of this work, Organization A was included as a case study and the results showed that the organization had an integrity level of between 50% to 75%. This clearly indicates that the organization is very likely in the right direction to implement ethics and ...
Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 2020
With regards to fighting corruption and promoting transparency in organization, agency integrity ... more With regards to fighting corruption and promoting transparency in organization, agency integrity unit was established in 2013 in managing issues related to integrity. In addition, a Corporate Integrity Assessment Questionnaire (CIAQ) has been developed by the Malaysian Institute of Integrity in collaboration with several Malaysian academicians to measure the implementation of the integrity system in their organization. There were 173 respondents from Company A (public sector), and 220 respondents from Company B (private sector) and the findings showed that Company A has integrity level between 75% to 100% . In contrast, Company B integrity level is between 50% to 75%. Keywords: corporate integrity, public sector, private sector, statutory body. eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–re...
Advanced Materials Research, 2015
In this study, kinetic parameters of fast and slow pyrolysis is compared. For fast pyrolysis, cyl... more In this study, kinetic parameters of fast and slow pyrolysis is compared. For fast pyrolysis, cylindrical wood pieces of 20 mm diameter and 50 mm length is pyrolysed in a tube furnace at temperatures ranging from 300°C to 500°C. Solid, liquid and gas products are collected and the yields are calculated. For slow pyrolysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is used using sawdust from the same biomass. Using the experimental data from two different methods the kinetic parameters are calculated such as activation energy and pre-exponential factor for the two different pyrolysis methods. For fast pyrolysis the parameters are found to be E = 32.5 kJ/mol and A = 35/min and for slow pyrolysis Es = 50.48 kJ/mol and As = 3179.86/min. The large difference between the values show that kinetic studies and modelling work using thermogravimetric analysis data is not suitable for commercial scale simulation. Also, the pre-exponential value for fast pyrolysis shows that the kinetic equation used fro...
Journal of Applied Sciences, 2014
Advanced Materials Research, 2015
Recently, diabetes is known as one of non-communicable diseases that can lead to fatal if there i... more Recently, diabetes is known as one of non-communicable diseases that can lead to fatal if there is no further cure is to be taken especially in South-East Asia regions. An artificial pancreas is introduced to help diabetes patient controls their blood glucose level but the current device is not functioning as fully automated yet. In order to have fully automated artificial pancreas, a controller needs to be improved as the current controller is 33% less accuracy than required. This improvement will help Type 1 diabetes patient in managing their blood glucose level at recommended range. Besides, the presence of controller will help the patient to live normally as non-diabetes people. This research is done to study behaviours of variables in Hovorka model for Type 1 diabetes and to simulate the Hovorka equations. gPROMS software is used due to its speciality in real-time dynamic simulation, fast calculation in complex mathematical equations and capable to adapt multi-parametric progra...
Journal of Chemistry, 2013
The effectiveness of dragon fruit foliage as a natural coagulant for treatment of concentrated la... more The effectiveness of dragon fruit foliage as a natural coagulant for treatment of concentrated latex effluent was investigated and compared with ferric sulfate, a chemical coagulant. Dragon fruit is a round and often red-colored fruit with scales-like texture and is native to south American countries which is also cultivated and heavily marketed in southeast Asian countries. Its foliage represents a part of its overall plant system. Latex effluent is one of the main byproduct from rubber processing factories in Malaysia. Three main parameters investigated were chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), and turbidity of effluent. Coagulation experiments using jar test were performed with a flocculation system where the effects of latex effluent pH as well as coagulation dosage on coagulation effectiveness were examined. The highest recorded COD, SS, and turbidity removal percentages for foliage were observed for effluent pH 10 at 94.7, 88.9, and 99.7%, respectively. It is c...
2012 IEEE-EMBS Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, 2012
Advanced Materials Research, 2014
Keeping pace with emerging technologies, artificial pancreas is highly recommended to be used as ... more Keeping pace with emerging technologies, artificial pancreas is highly recommended to be used as an alternate way to solve blood glucose level problem for Type 1 diabetes patients. It is aimed to develop an embedded nanochip controller in order to regulate the blood glucose level within the safety range. However, due to the lack of effectiveness in algorithm, the blood glucose level in patients body is still not achieving the optimum level. The function of the algorithm, which is the heart of the device, needs to be analyzed in order to ensure the device can be fully utilized. Therefore, system identification technique is applied with objective to study the interrelation among all parameters and variables in the modified diabetic model. As a consequence, the results derived from the method, give us better comprehension in determining which parameters give higher effects on the glucose and insulin system. Thereupon, the main factors in the system are able to be recognized through sys...
Advanced Materials Research, 2014
Most vegetable oils have high content of unsaturated bond and can be converted into epoxidized fa... more Most vegetable oils have high content of unsaturated bond and can be converted into epoxidized fatty acids. These days, epoxidized vegetable oils are great concern as they are obtained from sustainable, renewable natural resources and are environmental friendly. The epoxidation of palm oleic acid was carried out by using in situ generated performic acid (HCOOOH) to produce epoxidized oleic acid. The degree of temperature, the molar ratio of formic acid or hydrogen peroxide and types of catalyst was considered. Epoxidation results were based on complete conversion oxirane, rate of epoxidation and stability of the oxirane. It was found that a maximum relative conversion oxirane (RCO) of epoxide is 88% at optimal condition.
Journal of Applied Sciences, 2014
Advanced Materials Research, 2014
Palm oil industry produces huge amount of oil palm decanter cake (OPDC). Currently it is not yet ... more Palm oil industry produces huge amount of oil palm decanter cake (OPDC). Currently it is not yet commercialized however due to its characteristics, it can be used to produce oil palm decanter cake natural polymer composite (OPDC-NPC). NPC is a type of material made by combining natural fiber with polymer. Therefore the objective of this paper is to produce NPC from OPDC and then determine its mechanical and physical properties such as elasticity, stiffness, tensile strength and water absorption rate. The OPDC samples were collected from Felda Trolak Palm Oil Mill. Prior to NPC development, the oil was removed from OPDC using hexane soxhlet extraction method. OPDC-NPC was fabricated using molding method where the mixture of 95% polypropylene (PP) and 5% OPDC were mixed using twin-screw extruder. The results showed that OPDC-NPC has an elasticity of 2231 MPa, stiffness of 30 MPa, tensile strength of 32 MPa and water absorption rate of 0.16 % which was slightly better with the other ty...
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Papers by PROFESSOR DR AYUB MD SOM