Taxus baccata

Taxus baccata

Taxus baccata: IUCN Red List Category: Least Concern

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Pinales
Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Divisio: Tracheophyta Divisio: Pinophyta Classis: Pinopsida Ordo: Pinales

Familia: Taxaceae
Genus: Taxus
Species: Taxus baccata

Name

Taxus baccata L., Sp. Pl.: 1040 (1753).

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Taxus pectinata Gilib., Exerc. Phyt. 2: 417 (1792), opus utique oppr.
  • Taxus lugubris Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 396 (1796), nom. superfl.
  • Taxus communis J.Nelson, Pinaceae: 171 (1866), nom. superfl.
  • Taxus baccata subsp. eubaccata Pilg., Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 25: 13 (1916 publ. 1917), not validly publ.

• Heterotypic
  • Taxus baccata var. variegata Weston, Bot. Univ. 1: 292 (1770).
  • Taxus fastigiata Lindl., Syn. Brit. Fl.: 241 (1829).
  • Taxus baccata stricta C.Lawson, Agric. Man.: 398 (1836).
  • Taxus baccata var. erecta Loudon, Arb. Brit. 4: 2068 (1838).
  • Taxus hibernica Hook. ex Loudon, Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2066 (1838), not validly publ.
  • Taxus baccata var. dovastoniana Leight., Fl. Shropshire: 497 (1841).
  • Taxus sparsifolia Loudon, Encycl. Trees Shrubs: 940 (1842), not validly publ.
  • Cephalotaxus tardiva Siebold ex Endl., Syn. Conif.: 239 (1847).
  • Taxus baccata var. lutea Endl., Syn. Conif.: 243 (1847).
  • Taxus baccata dovastonii Lindl. & Gordon, J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 5: 227 (1850).
  • Taxus baccata var. elegantissima C.Lawson in P.Lawson & al., Abietineae- List Pl. Fir Tribe: 82 (1851).
  • Taxus baccata var. pyramidalis C.Lawson in P.Lawson & al., Abietineae- List Pl. Fir Tribe: 83 (1851).
  • Taxus parvifolia Wender., Pfl. Bot. Gärt. 1(Conif.): 42 (1851).
  • Taxus recurvata C.Lawson in P.Lawson & al., Abietineae- List Pl. Fir Tribe 10: 83 (1851).
  • Taxus tardiva (Siebold ex Endl.) C.Lawson in P.Lawson & al., Abietineae- List Pl. Fir Tribe 10: 80 (1851).
  • Taxus adpressa Carrière, Rev. Hort. (Paris), sér. 4, 4: 93 (1855).
  • Taxus baccata ericoides Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif.: 519 (1855).
  • Taxus baccata var. glauca Jacques ex Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif.: 519 (1855).
  • Taxus dovastonii Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif.: 518 (1855), pro syn.
  • Taxus elegantissima Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif.: 518 (1855), pro syn.
  • Taxus erecta Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif.: 518 (1855), pro syn.
  • Taxus ericoides Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif.: 519 (1855), pro syn.
  • Taxus foxii Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif.: 519 (1855), pro syn.
  • Taxus horizontalis Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif.: 518 (1855), pro syn.
  • Taxus marginata Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif.: 518 (1855), pro syn.
  • Taxus mitchellii Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif.: 520 (1855), not validly publ.
  • Taxus pendula Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif.: 518 (1855), pro syn.
  • Taxus pyramidalis Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif.: 519 (1855), pro syn.
  • Taxus variegata Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif.: 518 (1855), pro syn.
  • Taxus baccata pendula Rinz, Gartenflora 6: 334 (1857), nom. nud.
  • Taxus imperialis Gordon & Glend., Pinetum: 312 (1858), not validly publ.
  • Taxus microphylla Gordon & Glend., Pinetum: 313 (1858), pro syn.
  • Taxus monstrosa Gordon & Glend., Pinetum: 313 (1858), not validly publ.
  • Taxus virgata Wall. ex Gordon & Glend., Pinetum: 317 (1858), not validly publ.
  • Taxus disticha Wender. ex Henkel & Hochst., Syn. Nadelhölz.: 354 (1865), not validly publ.
  • Taxus communis aurea J.Nelson, Pinaceae: 172 (1866).
  • Taxus communis fastigiata-variegata J.Nelson, Pinaceae: 219 (1866).
  • Taxus communis pendula J.Nelson, Pinaceae: 172 (1866).
  • Taxus communis pendula-variegata J.Nelson, Pinaceae: 173 (1866).
  • Taxus adpressa adpressa-stricta Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 732 (1867).
  • Taxus baccata aurea (J.Nelson) Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 734 (1867).
  • Taxus baccata expansa Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 738 (1867).
  • Taxus baccata linearis Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 738 (1867).
  • Taxus baccata f. xanthocarpa Kuntze, Taschen-Fl. Leipzig: 6 (1867).
  • Taxus michelii Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 736 (1867), pro syn.
  • Verataxus adpressa (Carrière) Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 731 (1867).
  • Taxus baccata var. dovastonii (Lindl. & Gordon) Sénécl., Conifères: 186 (1868), nom. superfl.
  • Taxus baccata var. dovastonii-aurea Sénécl., Conifères: 187 (1868).
  • Taxus nana Parl. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 501 (1868), pro syn.
  • Taxus aurea K.Koch, Dendrologie 2(2): 93 (1873).
  • Taxus columnaris K.Koch, Dendrologie 2(2): 92 (1873).
  • Taxus expansa K.Koch, Dendrologie 2(2): 92 (1873).
  • Taxus jacksonii K.Koch, Dendrologie 2(2): 93 (1873).
  • Taxus baccata var. dovastonii-variegata Gordon, Pinetum, ed. 2: 389 (1875).
  • Taxus baccata elvastonensis Barron ex Gordon, Pinetum, ed. 2: 430 (1875).
  • Taxus empetrifolia Gordon, Pinetum, ed. 2: 390 (1875), pro syn.
  • Taxus baccata var. macrocarpa Lavallée, Énum. Arbres: 294 (1877).
  • Taxus baccata gracilis-pendula Lauche, Deut. Dendrol.: 47 (1880).
  • Taxus baccata pendula-graciosa Overeynder, Sieboldia 6: 274 (1880).
  • Taxus baccata var. albovariegata Späth, Nursery Cat. (Späth) 57: 3 (1883).
  • Taxus baccata f. elegantissima (C.Lawson) Beissn., Handb. Conif.: 23 (1887).
  • Taxus baccata f. pyramidalis (C.Lawson) Beissn., Handb. Conif.: 22 (1887).
  • Taxus baccata repandens Parsons, Descr. Cat. Kissena Nurs.: 92 (1887).
  • Cephalotaxus adpressa Beissn., Handb. Nadelholzk.: 174 (1891).
  • Cephalotaxus brevifolia Beissn., Handb. Nadelholzk.: 174 (1891).
  • Taxus baccata var. dovastonii-aureovariegata Beissn., Handb. Nadelholzk.: 172 (1891).
  • Taxus baccata f. pendula-graciosa (Overeynder) Beissn., Handb. Nadelholzk.: 172 (1891).
  • Taxus elvastonensis Beissn., Handb. Nadelholzk.: 176 (1891).
  • Taxus baccifera Theophr. ex Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 1: 46 (1897).
  • Taxus baccata pendula-variegata (J.Nelson) Simon-Louis ex Beissn., Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 8: 85 (1898).
  • Taxus baccata f. aurea (J.Nelson) Pilg. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 5: 114 (1903).
  • Taxus baccata subf. aureovariegata Pilg. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 5: 114 (1903).
  • Taxus baccata f. erecta (Loudon) Pilg. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 5: 115 (1903).
  • Taxus baccata f. linearis (Carrière) Pilg. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 5: 115 (1903).
  • Taxus baccata var. adpressa-aurea A.Henry in H.J.Elwes & A.Henry, Trees Great Britain 1: 115 (1906).
  • Taxus baccata semperaurea Dallim., Holly Yew Box: 204 (1908).
  • Taxus baccata f. ericoides (Carrière) Pilg., Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 25: 11 (1916 publ. 1917).
  • Taxus baccata f. pendula (J.Nelson) Pilg., Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 25: 11 (1916 publ. 1917).
  • Taxus baccata var. prostrata Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 2: 581 (1916).
  • Taxus baccata adpressa-pendula V.Gibbs, J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 51: 197 (1926).
  • Taxus baccata var. pendula-overeynderi Fitschen in L.Beissner, Handb. Nadelholzk., ed. 3: 41 (1930).
  • Taxus baccata var. cavendishii Hornibr. in F.J.Chittenden, Rep. Conif. Conf. R.H.S.: 76 (1932).
  • Taxus baccata f. dovastoniana (Leight.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 67 (1945).
  • Taxus baccata f. expansa (Carrière) Rehder, Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 2 (1949).
  • Taxus baccata f. lutea Rehder, Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 2 (1949).
  • Taxus baccata f. repandens (Parsons) Rehder, Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 3 (1949).
  • Taxus baccata f. semperaurea (Dallim.) Rehder, Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 2 (1949).
  • Taxus baccata f. stricta (C.Lawson) Rehder, Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 2 (1949).
  • Taxus baccata f. variegata (Weston) Rehder, Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 1 (1949).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Europe Northern Europe Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden. Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland. Southwestern Europe Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain. Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia. Eastern Europe Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine. Africa Northern Africa Algeria, Morocco. Macaronesia (I) Madeira. Asia-Temperate Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus. Western Asia Iran, Turkey. Northern America Northeastern U.S.A. (I) New York. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Tomus II. Pp. 561–1200, [1–30, index], [1, err.]. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

• Tutin, T.G., Burges, N.A., Chater, A.O., Edmondson, J.R., Heywood, V.H., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (eds.) 1993. Flora Europaea. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae. 2nd edition, xlvi + 581 pp., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (UK) / New York / Melbourne, ISBN 0-521-41007-X. Reference page. 
• Farjon, A. 2010. A Handbook of the World's Conifers. 2 vols., pp. 1–526 + 527–1111, Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, Boston. ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5. Reference page. 
• Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (eds.) 2012. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. İstanbul. ISBN 978-605-60425-7-7. Online edition. Reference page. 

Links

• Farjon, A. 2013. Taxus baccata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013. IUCN Red List Category: Least Concern . DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42546A2986660.en.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Taxus baccata in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 July 18. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2021. Taxus baccata. Published online. Accessed: 18 July 2021.

Vernacular names

aragonés: Taixo
български: обикновен тис
català: Teix
čeština: tis červený, tis obecný
dansk: taks, almindelig taks
Deutsch: Europäische Eibe
English: European Yew
español: tejo europeo, tejo común
eesti: harilik jugapuu
suomi: Euroopanmarjakuusi
français: if commun
galego: Teixo
hrvatski: Tisa
magyar: közönséges tiszafa
íslenska: ýviður, ýr
italiano: Tasso
日本語: ヨーロッパイチイ
norsk bokmål: barlind, europeisk barlind
Nederlands: Taxus, Venijnboom
polski: cis pospolity
português: Teixo
română: Tisa
русский: тис ягодный
sardu: Enis
slovenčina: tis zvyčajný
svenska: idegran
Türkçe: Yaygın porsuk
українська: тис ягідний
vèneto: Pola da nass, Tuja

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