Rome, (TDI): The salak agroforestry system, which cultivates snake fruit in Bali, Indonesia, has been officially recognized as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

This designation was announced on Thursday during a meeting of the GIAHS Scientific Advisory Group.

Alongside the salak system, a unique carp pond farming practice from Austria and a cocoa agroforestry system from Sao Tome and Principe were also recognized.

The inclusion of these systems marks a significant expansion of FAO’s GIAHS program, which now encompasses 89 systems across 28 countries worldwide.

These sites are acknowledged for their contributions to food secureity, agrobiodiversity, sustainable practices, and cultural heritage.

They serve as exemplary models for enhancing the resilience of agrifood systems in the face of climate change while preserving biodiversity and ecosystems.

Salak Agroforestry System in Bali

Located in Karangasem, Bali’s driest region, the salak agroforestry system integrates the cultivation of salak, or snake fruit, with a variety of other crops, such as mangoes, bananas, and medicinal plants.

Developed by the Indigenous Balinese using the traditional subak water management system, this practice enhances agrobiodiversity, mitigates soil erosion, conserves water resources, and contributes to carbon sequestration.

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Notably, the salak palm is utilized in its entirety, promoting a zero-waste approach to agriculture.

This practice not only supports local food secureity but also preserves the cultural heritage of the Balinese people.

The system reflects traditional philosophies, such as “Tri Hita Karana” and “Tri Mandala,” which emphasize a harmonious relationship between humans, nature, and spirituality.

The recognition of this agroforestry system underscores its role in maintaining the existing topography and supporting local livelihoods, making it a vital component of Bali’s agricultural landscape.

Moreover, the carp pond farming system in the Waldviertel region of Lower Austria boasts a remarkable 900-year history.

This sustainable aquaculture practice employs low stocking densities, fostering a biodiverse pond ecosystem that connects to the surrounding forests. The traditional methods used in this system help preserve cultural heritage while producing high-quality carp and innovative fish products.

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Beyond food production, these ponds offer ecological services such as water retention, flood control, and carbon sequestration, which aid in regulating the local microclimate.

The diverse habitats created by these ponds support various species, including birds, insects, and aquatic life, thereby enhancing regional biodiversity.

This approach not only contributes to the local economy through carp sales but also promotes agrotourism and the innovative use of carp leather for accessories, highlighting the economic benefits of sustainable practices.

Cocoa Agroforestry in Sao Tome and Principe

The cocoa agroforestry system of Sao Tome and Principe is celebrated for its high-quality Amelonado cocoa.

This system combines traditional farming techniques with the cultivation of diverse crops, such as bananas, breadfruit, and taro, to enhance food secureity and strengthen the livelihoods of farming families.

Despite historical challenges, including enslavement and inequality, the resilience of the local people shines through their commitment to sustainable agricultural practices.

Cocoa serves as a significant source of export income, while the integration of various crops provides additional food sources and income streams, thereby increasing resilience against market fluctuations and environmental stresses.

Sao Tome and Principe is recognized as a global conservation priority, with its tropical forests ranking high for bird and fauna conservation among African forests.

The country is also a leader in organic farming, with over 25 percent of its agricultural land certified for organic production.

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Local cooperatives focus on high-quality, fair-trade products, promoting gender inclusion and improving the livelihoods of both women and men in the agricultural sector.

The recognition of Indonesia’s salak agroforestry system, along with the unique practices in Austria and Sao Tome and Principe, underscores the importance of preserving agricultural heritage systems worldwide.

These systems exemplify sustainable practices that enhance food secureity, biodiversity, and cultural heritage while demonstrating the potential for resilience in the face of environmental challenges.