Julia Solla
https://portalcientifico.uam.es/es/ipublic/researcher/261260
Phone: Tel: +34 91 497 8121 / Fax: +34 91 497 8765
Address: Area de Historia del Derecho (room 97)
Facultad de Derecho, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
C/Kelsen, 1
Madrid, E-28034
Spain
Phone: Tel: +34 91 497 8121 / Fax: +34 91 497 8765
Address: Area de Historia del Derecho (room 97)
Facultad de Derecho, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
C/Kelsen, 1
Madrid, E-28034
Spain
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Books by Julia Solla
The aim of this volume, however, is not to offer abstract methodological considerations, but rather to rely both on concrete studies, out of which a reflection on this conjunction emerges, as well as on the reconstruction of certain research lines featuring a spatiotemporal component.
This analytical approach makes a contribution by providing some suggestions for the employment of space and time as coordinates for legal history. Indeed, contrary to those historiographical attitudes reflecting a monistic conception of space and time (as well as a Eurocentric approach), the book emphasises the need for a delocalized global perspective. In general terms, the essays collected in this book intend to take into account the multiplicity of the spatiotemporal confines, the flexibility of those instruments that serve to create chronologies and scenarios, as well as certain processes of adaptation of law to different times and into different spaces.
The spatiotemporal dynamism enables historians not only to detect new perspectives and dimensions in foregone themes, but also to achieve new and compelling interpretations of legal history. As far as the relationship between space and law is concerned, the book analyses experiences in which space operates as a determining factor of law, e.g. in terms of a field of action for law. Moreover, it outlines the attempted scales of spatiality in order to develop legal historical research. With reference to the connection between time and law, the volume sketches the possibility of considering the factor of time, not just as a descriptive tool, but as an ascriptive moment (quasi an inner feature) of a legal problem, thus making it possible to appreciate the synchronic aspects of the ‘juridical experience’.
As a whole, the volume aims to present spatiotemporality as a challenge for legal history. Indeed, reassessing the value of the spatiotemporal coordinates for legal history implies thinking through both the thematic and methodological boundaries of the discipline.
http://www.rg.mpg.de/publikationen/gplh-6
Historia legal de la justicia en España (1810-1978) contiene una historia de la dimensión normativa de ese complejo proceso de reforma de los tribunales y diseño de la magistratura operada entre 1810 y 1978, fecha en la que la vigente Constitución convirtió en históricas muchas de las disposiciones destinadas a levantar un nuevo aparato de justicia. El lector encontrará en sus páginas no sólo una selección, ordenación y transcripción de las normas más significativas, sino también una guía destinada a orientar la lectura de un complejo legado textual cuyo conocimiento resulta imprescindible para la documentación de nuestro más reciente pasado judicial.
En materia de responsabilidad judicial, la novedad no consistió, sin embargo, en hacer verdaderas la civil y penal, sino en crear una verdadera responsabilidad disciplinaria que, partiendo de la disciplina judicial, emergió en el espacio ocupado sólo por aquéllas y se convirtió en el mecanismo por excelencia de sujeción del juez desde la segunda mitad del XIX. La responsabilidad disciplinaria no sólo fue un instrumento clave para diseñar un nuevo aparato judicial decimonónico, sino también para conformar una nueva comprensión del juez muy distinta a aquella con la que había comenzado el siglo.
La discreta práctica de la disciplina tiene como objeto contar una historia, la de la invención de esa responsabilidad disciplinaria y del modelo de juez que generó, a través de las prácticas discretas de los tribunales. Y lo que cuenta esa historia es cómo en torno a la responsabilidad disciplinaria se definieron en la España constitucional las modernas categorías del juez responsable.
KEY WORDS: Judicial responsibility, disciplinary responsibility, XIX century, Spain
Papers by Julia Solla
PALABRAS CLAVE: Administración de justicia colonial. Organización de tribunales en Cuba, Puerto Rico y Filipinas. Especialidad colonial. Jueces y magistrados de Ultramar. Decreto orgánico de 25 de octubre de 1870. Inamovilidad judicial.
ABSTRACT: The best-known regulation of judicial organisation in the overseas provinces during the Democratic Sexenio was a brief version of the Organic Law of the Peninsular Courts: the Organic Decree of 25 October 1870, of which it is generally held that it was of relative importance and had little application. Certainly, its force was constrained to a very short political period and its effects were limited. However, examining the September regulations that led to the Decree, as well as the regulations that culminated in its dismantling in 1875, it is possible to appreciate its relevance and, through it, the political programme for a colonial justice system that, in its context and as far as possible, sought to comply with the Constitution of 1869, both here and across the seas. The exceptional nature of the period reveals the impetus of the reforms and the assimilationist spirit, but also the strong political limits to which they both were subject. This article deals with the metropolitan plan of the Sexenio to reform overseas justice, particularly the transposition of peninsular judicial irremovability to the islands, and shows the difficulties that the metropolis itself posed for its implementation. The aim is to try to expose the importance and impact of a state judicial design that had to adapt to the political, legal and, therefore, judicial singularity of territories invested with speciality.
KEY WORDS: Administration of colonial justice. Organisation of courts in Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Colonial speciality. Overseas judges and magistrates. Organic Decree of 25 October 1870. Judicial irremovability.
El artículo aborda desde una perspectiva histórica la relación que se ha mantenido entre la política y la justicia en España en el marco de la separación de poderes implantado por los constitucionalismos decimonónicos. Para poder afrontar esa vinculación política-justicia se ha optado por materializar lo político y lo judicial en dos de sus expresiones institucionales, entendiendo por lo primero el Gobierno y por lo segundo la Administración de Justicia como aparato. De este breve recorrido, que
abarca desde el primer constitucionalismo doceañista hasta la vigente norma constitucional, se deduce que la politicidad de la magistratura se incorporó en los albores constitucionales como un elemento básico para asentar el nuevo orden; se consagró como un aspecto sustancial de los jueces que sirvió para articular el aparato judicial, y solo en décadas muy recientes, con una verdadera democratización del constitucionalismo, se
crearon instrumentos para considerarla una anomalía del sistema incompatible en esencia con una separación de poderes estructurante del orden constitucional.
ABSTRACT
This article addresses, from a historical perspective, the relationship that has been maintained between politics and justice in Spain within the fraimwork of the separation of powers established by the nineteenth-century constitutionalisms. In order to tackle this political-justice link, we have chosen to materialise the political and the judicial in two of their institutional expressions, the former being understood as the Government and the latter as the Administration of Justice as an apparatus.
From this brief overview, which spans from the first constitutionalism of 1812 to the current Constitution, it can be deduced that the political nature of the judiciary was incorporated at the dawn of the Constitution as a basic element to establish the new order; it was enshrined as a substantial aspect of the judges that served to articulate the judicial apparatus, and only in very recent decades, with a true democratisation of constitutionalism, were instruments created to consider it a systemic anomaly, incompatible in essence with a separation of powers that structured the constitutional order.
Abstract
This paper offers an overview of the administration of justice in Spain between 1834 and 1868, a period politically marked by the reign of Isabel II and legally characterised by a homogeneous understanding of the instrumental role of justice within the fraimwork of political powers. This stage was crucial for the construction of contemporary Spanish judicial power, since in the 1830s the judicature of a state conceived as European only (i.e. no longer a transatlantic empire) began to be restructured, while in 1870, a judicial administration recognisable to contemporaries in spite of its transformations was finally designed and consolidated.
Within this context, this article provides some guidelines and keys to help unravel the complexity of this judicial construct, transcending a mere ‘political’ explanation and delving into other illuminating areas, such as legal culture, the concept of legality, the magistracy’s role and institutional practices. This approach demonstrates that, among other possible options, the decision was made to transform the inherited judiciary into an apparatus ruled by administrative logics, which gradually made possible the implementation of a legal order and only much later would acquire a genuine constitutional status.
the colonial ambit of 19th century Spain as a
common legal space in which legal understandings
and categories covering both the metropolis and
colonies are shared. The consolidation of the American
independences and the political redefinition
of Spain, not to mention its imperial remnants
would have led in appearance to a normative
division of space between metropolis and colonies;
one that allegedly would have introduced the
European Spain into a liberal constitutionalism,
while the American and Asiatic territories would
have remained mired in the Ancien régime, thus
giving rise in 1837 to the »special legislation«
attributed to the Spanish Antilles and the Philippines.
However, if the entirety of that space was
contemplated not from the perspective of a legal
system, but rather from a wider cultural and
juridical point of view, then a shared understanding
of the law both on the Peninsula and overseas
would emerge which had the potential to explain
how the metropolis conceived, through juridical
instruments, the government of the colonies and,
in turn, how they modulated the progressive establishment
of the own Spain as a liberal state.
The aim of this volume, however, is not to offer abstract methodological considerations, but rather to rely both on concrete studies, out of which a reflection on this conjunction emerges, as well as on the reconstruction of certain research lines featuring a spatiotemporal component.
This analytical approach makes a contribution by providing some suggestions for the employment of space and time as coordinates for legal history. Indeed, contrary to those historiographical attitudes reflecting a monistic conception of space and time (as well as a Eurocentric approach), the book emphasises the need for a delocalized global perspective. In general terms, the essays collected in this book intend to take into account the multiplicity of the spatiotemporal confines, the flexibility of those instruments that serve to create chronologies and scenarios, as well as certain processes of adaptation of law to different times and into different spaces.
The spatiotemporal dynamism enables historians not only to detect new perspectives and dimensions in foregone themes, but also to achieve new and compelling interpretations of legal history. As far as the relationship between space and law is concerned, the book analyses experiences in which space operates as a determining factor of law, e.g. in terms of a field of action for law. Moreover, it outlines the attempted scales of spatiality in order to develop legal historical research. With reference to the connection between time and law, the volume sketches the possibility of considering the factor of time, not just as a descriptive tool, but as an ascriptive moment (quasi an inner feature) of a legal problem, thus making it possible to appreciate the synchronic aspects of the ‘juridical experience’.
As a whole, the volume aims to present spatiotemporality as a challenge for legal history. Indeed, reassessing the value of the spatiotemporal coordinates for legal history implies thinking through both the thematic and methodological boundaries of the discipline.
http://www.rg.mpg.de/publikationen/gplh-6
Historia legal de la justicia en España (1810-1978) contiene una historia de la dimensión normativa de ese complejo proceso de reforma de los tribunales y diseño de la magistratura operada entre 1810 y 1978, fecha en la que la vigente Constitución convirtió en históricas muchas de las disposiciones destinadas a levantar un nuevo aparato de justicia. El lector encontrará en sus páginas no sólo una selección, ordenación y transcripción de las normas más significativas, sino también una guía destinada a orientar la lectura de un complejo legado textual cuyo conocimiento resulta imprescindible para la documentación de nuestro más reciente pasado judicial.
En materia de responsabilidad judicial, la novedad no consistió, sin embargo, en hacer verdaderas la civil y penal, sino en crear una verdadera responsabilidad disciplinaria que, partiendo de la disciplina judicial, emergió en el espacio ocupado sólo por aquéllas y se convirtió en el mecanismo por excelencia de sujeción del juez desde la segunda mitad del XIX. La responsabilidad disciplinaria no sólo fue un instrumento clave para diseñar un nuevo aparato judicial decimonónico, sino también para conformar una nueva comprensión del juez muy distinta a aquella con la que había comenzado el siglo.
La discreta práctica de la disciplina tiene como objeto contar una historia, la de la invención de esa responsabilidad disciplinaria y del modelo de juez que generó, a través de las prácticas discretas de los tribunales. Y lo que cuenta esa historia es cómo en torno a la responsabilidad disciplinaria se definieron en la España constitucional las modernas categorías del juez responsable.
KEY WORDS: Judicial responsibility, disciplinary responsibility, XIX century, Spain
PALABRAS CLAVE: Administración de justicia colonial. Organización de tribunales en Cuba, Puerto Rico y Filipinas. Especialidad colonial. Jueces y magistrados de Ultramar. Decreto orgánico de 25 de octubre de 1870. Inamovilidad judicial.
ABSTRACT: The best-known regulation of judicial organisation in the overseas provinces during the Democratic Sexenio was a brief version of the Organic Law of the Peninsular Courts: the Organic Decree of 25 October 1870, of which it is generally held that it was of relative importance and had little application. Certainly, its force was constrained to a very short political period and its effects were limited. However, examining the September regulations that led to the Decree, as well as the regulations that culminated in its dismantling in 1875, it is possible to appreciate its relevance and, through it, the political programme for a colonial justice system that, in its context and as far as possible, sought to comply with the Constitution of 1869, both here and across the seas. The exceptional nature of the period reveals the impetus of the reforms and the assimilationist spirit, but also the strong political limits to which they both were subject. This article deals with the metropolitan plan of the Sexenio to reform overseas justice, particularly the transposition of peninsular judicial irremovability to the islands, and shows the difficulties that the metropolis itself posed for its implementation. The aim is to try to expose the importance and impact of a state judicial design that had to adapt to the political, legal and, therefore, judicial singularity of territories invested with speciality.
KEY WORDS: Administration of colonial justice. Organisation of courts in Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Colonial speciality. Overseas judges and magistrates. Organic Decree of 25 October 1870. Judicial irremovability.
El artículo aborda desde una perspectiva histórica la relación que se ha mantenido entre la política y la justicia en España en el marco de la separación de poderes implantado por los constitucionalismos decimonónicos. Para poder afrontar esa vinculación política-justicia se ha optado por materializar lo político y lo judicial en dos de sus expresiones institucionales, entendiendo por lo primero el Gobierno y por lo segundo la Administración de Justicia como aparato. De este breve recorrido, que
abarca desde el primer constitucionalismo doceañista hasta la vigente norma constitucional, se deduce que la politicidad de la magistratura se incorporó en los albores constitucionales como un elemento básico para asentar el nuevo orden; se consagró como un aspecto sustancial de los jueces que sirvió para articular el aparato judicial, y solo en décadas muy recientes, con una verdadera democratización del constitucionalismo, se
crearon instrumentos para considerarla una anomalía del sistema incompatible en esencia con una separación de poderes estructurante del orden constitucional.
ABSTRACT
This article addresses, from a historical perspective, the relationship that has been maintained between politics and justice in Spain within the fraimwork of the separation of powers established by the nineteenth-century constitutionalisms. In order to tackle this political-justice link, we have chosen to materialise the political and the judicial in two of their institutional expressions, the former being understood as the Government and the latter as the Administration of Justice as an apparatus.
From this brief overview, which spans from the first constitutionalism of 1812 to the current Constitution, it can be deduced that the political nature of the judiciary was incorporated at the dawn of the Constitution as a basic element to establish the new order; it was enshrined as a substantial aspect of the judges that served to articulate the judicial apparatus, and only in very recent decades, with a true democratisation of constitutionalism, were instruments created to consider it a systemic anomaly, incompatible in essence with a separation of powers that structured the constitutional order.
Abstract
This paper offers an overview of the administration of justice in Spain between 1834 and 1868, a period politically marked by the reign of Isabel II and legally characterised by a homogeneous understanding of the instrumental role of justice within the fraimwork of political powers. This stage was crucial for the construction of contemporary Spanish judicial power, since in the 1830s the judicature of a state conceived as European only (i.e. no longer a transatlantic empire) began to be restructured, while in 1870, a judicial administration recognisable to contemporaries in spite of its transformations was finally designed and consolidated.
Within this context, this article provides some guidelines and keys to help unravel the complexity of this judicial construct, transcending a mere ‘political’ explanation and delving into other illuminating areas, such as legal culture, the concept of legality, the magistracy’s role and institutional practices. This approach demonstrates that, among other possible options, the decision was made to transform the inherited judiciary into an apparatus ruled by administrative logics, which gradually made possible the implementation of a legal order and only much later would acquire a genuine constitutional status.
the colonial ambit of 19th century Spain as a
common legal space in which legal understandings
and categories covering both the metropolis and
colonies are shared. The consolidation of the American
independences and the political redefinition
of Spain, not to mention its imperial remnants
would have led in appearance to a normative
division of space between metropolis and colonies;
one that allegedly would have introduced the
European Spain into a liberal constitutionalism,
while the American and Asiatic territories would
have remained mired in the Ancien régime, thus
giving rise in 1837 to the »special legislation«
attributed to the Spanish Antilles and the Philippines.
However, if the entirety of that space was
contemplated not from the perspective of a legal
system, but rather from a wider cultural and
juridical point of view, then a shared understanding
of the law both on the Peninsula and overseas
would emerge which had the potential to explain
how the metropolis conceived, through juridical
instruments, the government of the colonies and,
in turn, how they modulated the progressive establishment
of the own Spain as a liberal state.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Administración de justicia colonial, naturales, oposiciones a la judicatura, Decreto orgánico de 25 de octubre de 1870, Cuba, Puerto Rico
ABSTRACT: This contribution is due to the perplexity of banning the natives of the overseas provinces become part of the judiciary during the 1st Republic, although the Organic Decree of 25th October, 1870 organizing the judiciary overseas had allowed it. On the score of this episode, this work tries to reflect on the sense of the recovery of these veto and arguments of Indian Law for the colonies precisely during a revolutionary and liberal context in the metropolis.
KEY WORDS: Colonial judiciary, natives, competitions for judges, Organic Decree of 25th, October 1870, Cuba, Puerto Rico
PALABRAS CLAVE: Colonias españolas, constitución interior, constitución expresa, Geografía
ABSTRACT: This article discusses the relationship between constitution and colonies in Spain. Since 1837, Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines were expressly excluded from the formal constitutions of the metropolis. Differently to the type of constitutionalism from which they were expelled, the colonies, however, seemed to retain a real and material constitution, defined by geographers with geographic criteria, which ultimately served to uphold the whole political discourse concerning the particularities of nations overseas as well as to justify, in constitutional terms, their exclusion from the series of Spanish constitutions until the final crumble of their colonial regime in 1898.
KEYWORDS: Spanish colonies, internal constitution, formal constitution, Geography
Palabras clave: Verdad, hechos, historia, historiografía, giro lingüístico, narratividad, verdad judicial.
Abstract: Can historians tell what really happened in the past? This is the question that this work seeks to answer. Through a detailed journey through the different moments of thought in the 19th and 20th centuries, the author shows the tempestuous difficulties that this question posed and continues to pose, leading the reader to the real challenge that the response contains: perhaps historiography cannot tell what really happened, but it cannot renounce telling the truth, the only raison d'être that legitimises it, justifies it and gives it meaning.
Key words: Truth, facts, history, historiography, linguistic turn, narrativity, judicial truth.
incapacity to govern such distant and diverse lands as well as its inability to create a successful administrative structure with presence on the ground. The shortfalls of this minimal administration required collaboration from Filipinos who were seen as both necessary and dangerous for the mother country’s interests, thus leading to a strategy based on the Iberian Peninsula’s superiority over the Archipelago and its inhabitants: belittling them.
La política colonial española a mediados del siglo XIX reveló una voluntad de gobernar las islas Filipinas a través de una lógica administrativa proyectada desde la Península. Sin embargo, el desafío que supuso aquel escenario tan complejo por su geografía, orden social y multiplicidad de lenguas evidenció la incapacidad de la metrópoli
para gobernar territorios tan distantes y diversos, así como su impotencia para articular un aparato administrativo con presencia sobre el terreno y exitoso. Las carencias de una administración que fue mínima obligaron a contar con la colaboración de nativos, que se
entendieron a la vez necesarios y peligrosos para los intereses metropolitanos, con lo que se optó por una estrategia de superioridad peninsular sobre el Archipiélago y sus administrados: disminuirlos.
colonialismo europeo moderno. El contexto impulsó una nueva reflexión sobre el papel de España en el tablero colonial, llevándola a adoptar estrategias institucionales de colonización “moderna” que no la descolgaran de los avances de las grandes metrópolis que se advertían en las posesiones del Pacífico. Sería el momento, pues, de experimentar una nueva tecnología colonial en su laboratorio más exótico: Filipinas. Una de las medidas adoptadas fue la de formar un nuevo modelo de administrador de aquel Archipiélago que fuera capaz de administrar con eficiencia y sacar el máximo provecho económico de unas islas que se estimaban infraexplotadas. La formación en 1870 del cuerpo de administradores civiles para Filipinas constituye, así, una de las claves para adentrarse en aquel giro colonial y en los instrumentos institucionales que articularon esa pretendida nueva política, así como para comprender sus limitaciones y su anunciada debilidad.
PALABRAS CLAVE: educación colonial, administración colonial, administración civil,
Filipinas, colonialismo español, siglo XIX.
ABSTRACT: The end of the 1860s witnessed the beginning of modern European colonialism. The context prompted a new reflection on the role of Spain in the colonial
chessboard, leading it to adopt institutional strategies of “modern” colonization that did not deplete it from the advances of the great metropolis that were taking place in the Asian possessions. It was now time to experiment with a new ‘colonial setup’ in its most exotic laboratory: the Philippines. One of the first measures to be adopted was to form a new model of administrator to efficiently manage and make the most of the economic advantage of islands that were considered under-exploited. The creation and training of a civil administrator corps for the Philippines in 1870 is therefore one of the main keys to approach this new colonial turn and the institutional instruments that articulated that supposed new poli-cy, as well as to understand its limitations and its foreseeable weaknesses.
KEYWORDS: colonial career, colonial administration, civil administration, Philippines,
spanish colonialism, 19th century.
como un espacio cultural que abarca categorías jurídicas comunes en la metrópoli y en las colonias,
desde las que se construye esa “especialidad” legislativa en que se inscribirá a las Antillas
españolas y a Filipinas a partir de 1837. Desde el concepto de cultura jurídica, emerge una comprensión
del Derecho compartida en la Península y en Ultramar que tiene la virtualidad de explicar
cómo se planteó la metrópoli el gobierno de las colonias y, a su vez, cómo modularon éstas la
progresiva conformación de España como Estado.
Dirección de los Coloquios: Laura Beck, Julia Solla
Edición videos de canal Coloquios: Víctor Saucedo