Papers by Katharina Schreiber
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2006
Este trabajo no solo explica la invención de esta tecnología por los anitguos peruanos, sino que ... more Este trabajo no solo explica la invención de esta tecnología por los anitguos peruanos, sino que conjuga las disciplinas de la etnohistoria, la etnoarqueología y la prospección arqueológica para establecer la distribución e importancia del sistema de los puquios mediante el examen de una porción adecuada del territorio total de la cultura Nasca.
Boletín de Arqueología PUCP
En este artículo resumimos brevemente la historia de los estudios sobre Wari. Discutimos el centr... more En este artículo resumimos brevemente la historia de los estudios sobre Wari. Discutimos el centro urbano de Huari, incluyendo su ocupación pre-Horizonte Medio, y la distribución espacial de la arquitectura del Horizonte Medio. Si bien la periferia de Huari ha recibido cierta atención, queda aún mucho por aprender sobre la zona nuclear wari. La mayoría de las investigaciones sobre Wari se ha concentrado en las provincias, principalmente en sitios con las formas características wari de arquitectura y cultura material. Las prospecciones regionales complementan estas excavaciones y revelan los efectos de la expansión wari en el escenario político y económico. Las interpretaciones actuales sobre Wari muestran un balance entre la acumulación de nuevos datos y los diferentes escenarios interpretativos. Sostenemos que Wari debe ser visto holísticamente y no desde un solo sitio o región, que la evidencia material de control imperial puede resultar esquiva, y que nuestros datos aún resultan ...
Intermediate Elites in Pre-Columbian States and Empires
Andean past, 1989
In 1957 the Society for American Archaeology published William Duncan Strong's report of his 1952... more In 1957 the Society for American Archaeology published William Duncan Strong's report of his 1952-53 field investigations in the Rio Grande de Nasca region on the south coast of Peru (Strong 1957). This report, entitled "Paracas, Nazca, and Tiahuanacoid Cultural Relationships in South Coastal Peru'', is one of very few survey and excavation reports ever to be published about the Nasca region, and as such is an invaluable resource. Although Strong's survey was not systematic by current standards, his results are still the primary source on sites and settlement patterns for this region.
En este articulo resumimos brevemente la historia de los estudios sobre Wari. Discutimos el centr... more En este articulo resumimos brevemente la historia de los estudios sobre Wari. Discutimos el centro urbano de Huari, incluyendo su ocupacion pre-Horizonte Medio, y la distribucion espacial de la arquitectura del Horizonte Medio. Si bien la periferia de Huari ha recibido cierta atencion, queda aun mucho por aprender sobre la zona nuclear wari. La mayoria de las investigaciones sobre Wari se ha concentrado en las provincias, principalmente en sitios con las formas caracteristicas wari de arquitectura y cultura material. Las prospecciones regionales complementan estas excavaciones y revelan los efectos de la expansion wari en el escenario politico y economico. Las interpretaciones actuales sobre Wari muestran un balance entre la acumulacion de nuevos datos y los diferentes escenarios interpretativos. Sostenemos que Wari debe ser visto holisticamente y no desde un solo sitio o region, que la evidencia material de control imperial puede resultar esquiva, y que nuestros datos aun resultan ...
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2015
The Wari empire (AD 600-1000) deployed a variety of strategies to consolidateits provincesin Midd... more The Wari empire (AD 600-1000) deployed a variety of strategies to consolidateits provincesin MiddleHorizon Peru.One strategy may have been building imperial sites in places with large visual magnitudes, which areattractive toempiresbecause they are more defensible, they are suitably located for direct and implied surveillance, and they project a visually-dominant presence on the landscape. In theSondondo Valley, Peru, the Wari empire made a significant investment of labor and resources in the construction of terraces, roads, and five imperial sites. The viewsheds of these sites are compared to those of 20 non-imperial sites, 495 randomly-placed individual sites, and 99 randomly-placed groups of fives sites each. Parametric and non-parametric comparisonsreject the null hypothesis that there is no difference between viewsheds. Imperial sites had significantly larger and better-coordinated viewsheds, as estimated from overlap and coverage indices. These results support the argument that imperial agents' site-placement decisions considered the benefits of locations with large viewsheds.From these sites,the empire's representativeseffectively advanced imperial goals for two and half centuries.Similar factors may have been salient in other imperial settings, so this approach may help explore site-placement decisions in other regions.
Ñawpa Pacha, 2006
Government-issue garments in the Inca Empire. The Junius B. Bird Pre-Columbian Textile Conference... more Government-issue garments in the Inca Empire. The Junius B. Bird Pre-Columbian Textile Conference 1973. Washington, D.C., May 19 and May 20, 1973. Abstracts of papers with illustrative slides, p. 19. The Textile Museum and Dumbarton Oaks, Washington.
Latin American Antiquity, 2014
The Dawson seriation of Nasca ceramics has long been assumed to be an accurate marker of temporal... more The Dawson seriation of Nasca ceramics has long been assumed to be an accurate marker of temporal changes in the prehispanic south coast of Peru. We test this assumption by directly dating a sample of sherds using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL). Our results suggest that while some phases of the seriation are valid chronological markers, others appear to be the result of factors other than time. We discuss the implications of these results and call for additional studies of ceramics using luminescence dating
Latin American Antiquity, 2014
The research reported in this article explores Wari imperial strategies in the upper Nasca Valley... more The research reported in this article explores Wari imperial strategies in the upper Nasca Valley of south-central Peru and, building on previous research, documents the flexibility and diversity of those strategies. The focus of these investigations is the site of Pataraya, a small Wari provincial outpost, and its environs. Despite its size, the rectangular enclosure at Pataraya is well planned and conforms to the canons of Wari state architecture documented at other Wari provincial sites. The site was founded early in the Middle Horizon (A.D. 650-1000) and then abandoned during the collapse of the Wari system. Extensive excavation at this condensed version of the Wari building tradition—over 60 percent—uncovered a pattern of spatially segregated use and access within the enclosure. Activities were relegated to specific patio groups with little replication of function, and the sectors themselves were connected by an astonishingly complex system of narrow corridors. The site appears...
American Antiquity, 1996
Archaeologists, especially those doing regional surveys, generally assume that there is a correla... more Archaeologists, especially those doing regional surveys, generally assume that there is a correlation between the areal extent of a habitation site and the number of people living at that site. This paper uses a combination of archaeological and historical data from the Peruvian Andes to examine this assumption. We find that, in this case, only a weak correlation holds between these two factors. However, a consideration of site function and topography may render the apparent ambiguities understandable.
American Antiquity, 1987
A recent archaeological survey was conducted of a highland Peruvian valley in order to evaluate t... more A recent archaeological survey was conducted of a highland Peruvian valley in order to evaluate the effect on a local culture of the expansion of empires. The strategy employed in the consolidation of a region under an imperial administrative structure is the result of two general factors: the needs of the empire, and the level of extant local political organization. Evidence of Wari and Inka imperial facilities in the Carahuarazo Valley is interpreted in light of changes in the local culture during each occupation to provide a more complete picture of this process. A relatively greater Wari presence and lesser Inka presence are interpreted as the result of differing administrative needs on the part of the respective empires, as well as differing local systems at the time of each conquest. Similarities in goods and services extracted by each empire serve to indicate that although imperial strategies differed, the end result of consolidation of the area into each empire was roughly s...
American Anthropologist, 2006
American Anthropologist, 1989
Page 1. ' , " I .-!; H I i ii : - - . « 1 Edited by Richard... more Page 1. ' , " I .-!; H I i ii : - - . « 1 Edited by Richard W. Keatinge Page 2. Page 3. PERUVIAN PREHISTORY Page 4. Page 5. PERUVIAN PREHISTORY An overview ofpre-Inca and Inca society Edited by RICHARD W. KEATINGE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Page 6. ...
American Anthropologist, 2006
Food in the Ancient World describes foods produced and consumed from the beginnings of Egyptian P... more Food in the Ancient World describes foods produced and consumed from the beginnings of Egyptian Predynastic (4000 B.C.E.) to the end of the Roman Empire (C.E. fifth century), focusing on four civilizations: the Egyptians, Greeks, Celts, and Romans. Joan P. Alcock's sources of information are Greek and Roman texts and Egyptian hieroglyphs, iconography, and archaeology. Because the Egyptians, Greeks, and Celts were later subsumed under the control of Rome, the book concentrates most heavily on the Roman Empire. After three lists, including biographies of classical authors, bibliographic information for major sources, and a timeline, chapter 1 provides summary information about each civilization. Alcock reviews extant population estimates and provides details about climate, natural environments, planting cycles, systems of land tenure, agricultural practices, and patterns of trade (esp. of Rome). In chapter 2, Alcock highlights individual foods, describing where, how, and by whom each was cultivated, used, and consumed. The exhaustive list ranges from cereals, legumes, fruits, and meat to crustacea, beverages, weeds, and dairy products. The chapter reads like a series of encyclopedia entries, combining data from primary classical sources and archaeology. Information about each civilization is dispersed throughout the entries. Chapter 3 describes food-processing techniques, cooking methods, and technologies used by the Greeks, Romans, Egyptians, and Celts. Alcock discusses the different settings in which the elites ate as compared to members of the lower classes. People in power viewed bars, taverns, hotels, and ancient versions of fast-food restaurants with suspicion because of the subversive political discussions and competitive drinking that often accompanied people's visits to these establishments. In chapter 4, Alcock examines each civilization in more detail. The author traces the development of agriculture, introduction of new foods, and changes in food consumption chronologically as they relate to major cultural historical events. The author provides details about the political poli
Latin American Antiquity, 1995
The puquios of Nasca are a system of subterranean filtration galleries that provide water for irr... more The puquios of Nasca are a system of subterranean filtration galleries that provide water for irrigation and domestic uses in the middle portions of the Nasca, Taruga, and Las Trancas valleys of the Río Grande de Nasca drainage of the south coast of Peru. At present 36 puquios function in these three valleys; in the past their number may have exceeded 50. We discuss the formal characteristics and the construction of the puquios, and describe each of the extant puquios. The results of archaeological settlement surveys conducted in the three valleys indicate that the puquios did not yet exist in Early Nasca (Early Intermediate Period 2-4) times, but were almost certainly in use by the time of the Inka conquest of the region in the late fifteenth century. We suggest that the initial construction and use of the puquios may have occurred as early as Nasca 5 times, and probably not later than Late Nasca (Early Intermediate Period 6-7) times.
Andean past, 1998
In 197 4 and 197 5, a study of Peruvian archaeological obsidian at the Lawrence Berkeley National... more In 197 4 and 197 5, a study of Peruvian archaeological obsidian at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) identified a distinctive chemical composition of obsidian utilized in artifacts. For ease of reference it was called Pampas Type obsidian. Pampas Type obsidian was one of eleven common kinds of obsidian utilized in pre-Hispanic times in what now is Peru. I Pampas Type obsidian was documented as common only in the samples from sites in the Carhuarazo Valley of southern Ayacucho (Figure 1).2 These obsidian artifacts had been collected by William Isbell, Patricia Knobloch, and Katharina
Boletin De Arqueologia Pucp, Apr 17, 2012
Jincamocco, mientras que en el resto del Horizonte Medio se construyeron tres sitios adicionales,... more Jincamocco, mientras que en el resto del Horizonte Medio se construyeron tres sitios adicionales, andenes, y se reubicaron pueblos locales. En el caso de Nasca, se establecio el sitio de Pacheco y otro menor llamado Patayara; en el valle superior hab[a dos pequenos cementerios wari con tumbas sobre el suelo. Al parecer, se controlaba el acceso a las Terrazas agricolas y el sistema po[(tico local sufrio una reestructuracion importante. Se comparan las dos regiones sobre la base de la reorganizacion po[(tica y economica asociada con la presencia wari. Se sugiere que la investigacion realizada hasta lafecha indica que la expansion warifue unfenomeno en gran parte politico, con importantes elementos tanto en la esfera economica como en la religiosa.
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Papers by Katharina Schreiber