The role of community engagement in the development of sustainable territorial capital and territory-based governance is explored. The aim is firstly, to describe the development of a community that started in 2006 in a Nottinghamshire village and secondly, to identify what might be learned. The latter is argued to take the form of research principles. The challenges to the development of the community included the coordination of the variety of purposes of the participants. The central tenet of the research principles is the initiation of sustainable interactions that support the improvement of individual life. The principles differ from those of traditional research, but they are shown to belong to the same class as the latter. In the example a sustainable support system was described that enhanced individual activities without the need for a collective preference or some individual’s dominance.

In this paper we look at the Indian financial crisis of 1990-1992 that included three credit rating downgrades of two notches each in the short space of 9 months. We measure to what extent India's financial difficulties were the result of conditions prevailing on the international capital markets at the time, reflected in changes in the risk free international term structure of interest rates, and to what extent they were linked to credit risk specific to the country's political environment and its economic and financial management as reflected in the three ranking migrations. 1 We find that most of the changes in Indian Eurobond prices over the period were due to conditions on the international capital markets. Migration effects were surprisingly small. Interestingly, our results show that there are no maturity, currency or bond specific effects of migration on percentage changes in the bond prices. However, when we measure the cost of migration in terms of basis points on the yield to maturity, we find that migration is relatively more costly for shorter maturities. Averaging over all bonds, the first migration added about 106 basis points to the bonds' yields to maturity while the third migration added about 42. The second migration was very small and not statistically significant, indicating that it was anticipated by the markets and priced in the first downgrade.

This paper studies the determinants of gearing of 558 Chinese listed companies between 2007 and 2012. The Least Square Dummy Variable (LSDV) model is employed to investigate the influence of related variables on gearing.  Explanatory variables include: profitability, size, growth opportunity, tangibility, liquidity, non-debt tax shield, percentage of tradable shares, proportion of top ten share- holders holding, tax rate and uniqueness while controlling for firm factors and industry effects. Two measures are used to measure gearing: total debt ratio and long-term debt ratio.  Our results have interesting implications for corporate capital structure on other fast developing nations as well.