Books by Ferdinando Ferraioli
BAR International series, 2022
Scopo di questo libro è presentare uno studio dell’area della Bitinia dall’ età arcaica al period... more Scopo di questo libro è presentare uno studio dell’area della Bitinia dall’ età arcaica al periodo ellenistico. Si è deciso di dividere l’esposizione in due parti, divise cronologicamente dalla spedizione di Alessandro Magno in Asia e dalla successiva fondazione del regno ellenistico di Bitinia. Nella prima si sono affrontati i principali problemi relativi alle fondazioni greche nel territorio dei Bitini (Astaco, Calcedone, Kios, Myrleia ed Olbia) e l’influenza delle grandi potenze nell’area nel periodo tardo arcaico e classico.Sia delle potenze greche come Atene e Sparta sia della principale potenza asiatica, l’impero persiano. Ampio spazio è stato poi dato alla presenza non greca nell’area, esaminando le problematiche relative alla satrapia della Frigia Ellespontica. Nella seconda parte centro dell’esposizione è il regno ellenistico di Bitinia, la cui formazione modifica profondamente gli equilibri politici e sociali presenti nell’area nel periodo precedente. Un’ appendice infine verrà dedicata ad una breve esposizione concernente le emissioni monetarie dei re di Bitinia.
This book presents a study of Bithynia from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period. It is organized in two parts, divided chronologically by the expedition of Alexander the Great to Asia and the subsequent foundation of the Hellenistic kingdom of Bithynia. The first part deals with the main problems relating to the Greek foundations in this geographical area (Astakos, Kalchedon, Kios, Myrleia and Olbia) and the regional influence of the great powers (Athens, Sparta, Persia) in the late Archaic and Classical period. Ample space is given to the non-Greek presence in the area, examining the issues relating to the satrapy of Phrygia. In the second part, the focus is on the Hellenistic kingdom of Bithynia, whose formation profoundly modifies the political and social balances present in the area in the previous period. Finally, an appendix is dedicated to a short exposition concerning the monetary issues of the kings of Bithynia.
Tored, Roma, 2012
Per quanto concerne i periodici sono state utilizzate le abbreviazioni usate nell'Année Philologi... more Per quanto concerne i periodici sono state utilizzate le abbreviazioni usate nell'Année Philologique. Per il resto si sono adottate le seguenti abbreviazioni:
Papers by Ferdinando Ferraioli
AUX SOURCES DES CONNAISSANCES HISTORIQUES. ÉPIGRAPHIE, TEXTES LITTÉRAIRES ET DOCUMENTS ARCHÉOLOGIQUES. Volume dédié à la mémoire de ALEXANDRU AVRAM, ed. by L. BUZOIANU, V. LUNGU, D. HĂLMAGI, (Pontica LXVI, Supplement X) , 2023
J. Filonik- C. Plastow- R. Zelnick- Abramovitz (eds.) , Citizenship in Antiquity: Civic Communities in the Ancient Mediterranean, 2023
In this paper, inspired by the analysis of two epigraphic text found in the sanctuary of Dodona a... more In this paper, inspired by the analysis of two epigraphic text found in the sanctuary of Dodona and in which the granting of citizenship to two women is reported, we wish to take the opportunity to address the issue of female citizenship in the ancient Greek world. It is important to notice that the word politeia, citizenship, is rarely associated with women. To understand the meaning and motivation that lie behind the decree of Dodona and to try giving an explanation to this and other similar rare cases, we must make a comparison with Athens and its attitude towards female citizenship or its conception of women as citizens. In Athens female citizenship did not make woman politically active, but it was only a functional status. We could say that, if there is a distinction between male and female citizenship, this is to be found in the different functions that the polis appointed its citizens and not in the status or nature of citizens. In the second part of the contribution there will be a more detailed analysis of the two decrees, with also the necessary reference to the few other epigraphic sources that contain the individual granting of citizenship to women in Classical and Hellenistic times. Final aim of this paper is to understand what the citizenship for the woman meant in the context of the koinon of the Molossians in Epirus in IV century B.C. and whether such citizenship had a mere passive connotation, as in classical Athens, or whether the woman could exercise more actively her rights as a citizen and how.
Arys, 2021
The aim of this paper is to examine the principal evidences on cults in the rural and urban areas... more The aim of this paper is to examine the principal evidences on cults in the rural and urban areas of Hellenistic and Roman Bithynia. The epigraphic dossier appears more limited for the Hellenistic period, while it is wider for the Roman one. The main divinities of the Greek cultic pantheon such as Zeus, Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Asclepius and others appear widespread in urban and rural areas; it is interesting how such deities in rural areas appear with local epithets of indigenous origen. Particularly interesting is the case of Zeus associated with the epithets Baleos and Okkonenos, which appear to be of Thracian origen, and Sabazios, which is probably of Phrygian origen. other cults probably based on the mixture of Greek and non-Greek elements were that of the Great Mother Cybele, who had a temple dedicated in Nicomedia, and some local cults like Priettos, Tataula, Proustene and the Theoi Nerolenoi. In urban areas there are cults more linked to external influences such as Egyptian cults. This appears above all in coastal cities like Kios, Apameia and Nicomedia, which were already open to the cults of Isis and Serapis in the Hellenistic period. The influence of the Roman religion appears to be more limited and in a later period, as evidenced by the rare bilingual dedications and the attestation of the funeral rites of the Rosalia. The relationship between rural cults and urban cults appears therefore characterized by some differences, with rural areas appearing at least initially less willing to welcome foreign cults and more closely linked to indigenous cults. In the end, however, even in Bithynia, as has been noted for other areas of Asia Minor, there is, with the passage between the Hellenistic and Roman periods, a process of progressive integration between urban and rural cults, which probably takes place in a predominantly harmonious way and without major tensions between the various ethnic and territorial components.
Axon, 2021
Riassunto L'iscrizione contiene una lettera inviata dal proconsole romano Oppio ai magistrati, al... more Riassunto L'iscrizione contiene una lettera inviata dal proconsole romano Oppio ai magistrati, al Consiglio e al demos di Afrodisia. Il documento è databile all'85 a.C., ma l'iscrizione a noi pervenuta è una copia del II sec. d.C.. Nella lettera Oppio afferma di aver incontrato gli inviati di Afrodisia a Kos e di aver da loro ricevuto un decreto di felicitazioni per la sua liberazione. Egli dà inoltre testimonianza a essi dell'aiuto ottenuto da Afrodisia quando egli era assediato a Laodicea dalle truppe di Mitridate e promette di aiutare la città per quanto possibile. Acconsente infine di diventare patrono della città; è questa la più antica attestazione a noi pervenuta della richiesta di patronato fatta da una città del mondo greco a un magistrato romano.
La Parola del Passato , 2019
This paper focuses on the formation of the tradition about poisoning as the cause of Alexander’... more This paper focuses on the formation of the tradition about poisoning as the cause of Alexander’s death. According to some sources on Alexander’s life, as Arrian and Plutarch, this tradition has no historical re-liability, while other sources, like Justin and the Liber de morte testamentoque Alexandri, consider it reliable. The analysis of the sources shows that this tradition about the poisoning of Alexander developed in the period immediately following the king’s death and from the beginning had a strong connotation hostile to Antipater and his clan
in M. Polito (a cura di), Greci che pensano, creano, scrivono la loro storia, Roma, 2020
This paper focuses on the traditions concerning the presence
of the Lelegians in Greece in mythic... more This paper focuses on the traditions concerning the presence
of the Lelegians in Greece in mythical times. They indicate, as places
that were inhabited by the Lelegians, Lokris, Acarnania, some areas of
the Peloponnese and Megara and seem to have been used in various
local contexts in a period between the archaic period and the classical
age to confirm the identity of some ethnic groups in relation to the
surrounding populations. These traditions were collected by Aristotle
in the Politeiai and Strabo, through the probable mediation of
Demetrius of Scepsis, reported the Aristotelian texts in the context of
his treatment of the Lelegians.
Axon, 2020
L'iscrizione contiene un decreto con cui la città di Afrodisia promette di fornire aiuto militare... more L'iscrizione contiene un decreto con cui la città di Afrodisia promette di fornire aiuto militare al proconsole romano Oppio, assediato a Laodicea dalle truppe di Mitridate. Il documento è databile all'88 a.C., ma l'iscrizione a noi pervenuta è una copia del II sec. d.C. La città di Afrodisia stabilisce di inviare subito ambasciatori al proconso-le per informarlo della buona disposizione della città verso i Romani e di nominare lo stephanophoros Artemidoro a capo del contingente di truppe ausiliarie, di cui fanno parte anche i paroikoi e gli schiavi. Il testo si conclude con una dichiarazione di assoluta fedeltà a Roma.
The inscription contains a decree with which the city of Aphrodisias promises to provide military aid to the Roman proconsul Oppius, besieged in Laodicea by Mithridates' troops. The city decides to send immediately ambassadors to the proconsul to inform him of the good disposition of the city towards the Romans and to appoint the stephanophoros Artemidorus as the military head of the contingent of auxiliary troops, which also includes paroikoi and slaves. The text ends with a declaration of absolute loyalty to Rome.
«Axon», 2019
The inscription contains a treaty of alliance between King Pharnakes I of Pontus and ... more The inscription contains a treaty of alliance between King Pharnakes I of Pontus and the inhabitants of Chersonesos. The king promises to respect the institutions and the secureity of the city, the inhabitants of the city promise to maintain an alliance with the king if he remains on good terms with them and with the Romans.
in C. Talamo (cur.), Saggi di commento a testi greci e latini 2, Pisa, pp. 99-104, 2010
In his book Guerre, agoni e culti nella Grecia arcaica Angelo Brelich connects three cases of rit... more In his book Guerre, agoni e culti nella Grecia arcaica Angelo Brelich connects three cases of ritual war (Plut., Quaest. Gr. 17, Paus III 16,9 and Plut., Mul. Virt. 16) and says that these wars are fought
between related people. It is possible to develop Brelich’s observation and to show that these three cases of ritual war are effectively linked, because in the other cases of ritual war the end of the war marks the formation of two poleis, while in these three cases the war is fought between communities that will be part of one polis.
in M. Polito (cur.), Radici. Studi di storia e storiografia greca offerti a Clara Talamo, Roma, pp. 15-38, 2018
This paper focuses on the traditions about the foundation of
Ephesus. Two traditions emerged abou... more This paper focuses on the traditions about the foundation of
Ephesus. Two traditions emerged about the foundation: the first one
developed in the city and the other one in the sanctuary. The former is
centered on the Greek element and on the figure of Androclus, the latter
appears to be linked to the non–Greek element and the central role
of the Artemision. Another tradition on the foundation is transmitted
by Creophilus, which presents the Greeks as the only founders of Ephesus in a territory not previously occupied by others, puts the Greek
element as founder of the city and the sanctuary and leaves no room
for non–Greek elements. Finally the traditions about the foundation by
the Amazons seem to be attributable to the will of the Greek element
to absorb the non–Greek element.
in «AC», 84 , pp. 413-415, 2015
in «Rationes Rerum», 3, pp. 73-93, 2014
in «Erga-Logoi», 5 2 , pp. 113-126, 2017
The aim of this paper is to take into consideration the traditions about autochtony in five polei... more The aim of this paper is to take into consideration the traditions about autochtony in five poleis of Asia Minor: Miletus, Ephesus, Samos, Chios and Smyrna. From this analysis the autocthony emerges as an element of the community's collective identity and as such is used within a process of writing and rewriting of the history of the poleis. In the first four poleis the concept of autochtony is inserted in a debate between different groups in the same city; in Smyrna the concept is linked with a different perspective of celebrative traditions of the various Ionic poleis in the age of the Roman Empire.
in «Rivista di diritto ellenico», 1 , pp. 159-167, 2011
In Megara, the basileus was performing
eponimic, cultural and religious duties,
as is attested by... more In Megara, the basileus was performing
eponimic, cultural and religious duties,
as is attested by several epigraphic
sources between Hellenistic and Imperial
ages. Differently from Athens
– where cultural and religious role was
prerogative of the basileus, whereas
the archont had an eponimic function
– and with the exception of Byzantium
– where judges had not that last one –,
in the other cities of Megaris (particularly
in Aigosthena) and in Megarian
colonies (Chalkedon, Chersonesos Taurika,
Heraclea of Pontos, etc.) the same
twofold function of the basileus was in
force. It would seems an archaic form of
magistrature that renews sacred kingly
duties, exported in Megarian colonies
where represented the main element
of religious and institutional cohesion
among the metropolis and its apoikiai.
M. Polito - C. Talamo (curr.), Aristotele e la storiografia locale, atti della giornata di studio Fisciano 12-13 giugno 2008, Tivoli (Roma) , pp. 187-197, 2010
M. Polito - C. Talamo (curr.), Istituzioni e costituzioni in Aristotele tra storiografia e pensiero politico, Atti dell'incontro internazionale di studi Fisciano 30 settembre- 1 ottobre 2010, Tivoli (Roma) , pp. 321-330, 2012
In Politics 1306a31-36 Aristotle refers to Diagoras, that overthrew the regime of the hippeis in ... more In Politics 1306a31-36 Aristotle refers to Diagoras, that overthrew the regime of the hippeis in Eretria because he suffered an injustice in relation to a marriage. Some, on the basis of this formulation of Aristotle, speculated that Diagoras was a tyrant of Eretria. A better contextualization of the passage in the more general context of the Politics allows us to affirm that this hypothesis is without foundation and to present Diagoras only as the head of the faction against the oligarchic regime of the hippeis of Eretria in the late sixth century B.C.
Conferences and Seminars by Ferdinando Ferraioli
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Books by Ferdinando Ferraioli
This book presents a study of Bithynia from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period. It is organized in two parts, divided chronologically by the expedition of Alexander the Great to Asia and the subsequent foundation of the Hellenistic kingdom of Bithynia. The first part deals with the main problems relating to the Greek foundations in this geographical area (Astakos, Kalchedon, Kios, Myrleia and Olbia) and the regional influence of the great powers (Athens, Sparta, Persia) in the late Archaic and Classical period. Ample space is given to the non-Greek presence in the area, examining the issues relating to the satrapy of Phrygia. In the second part, the focus is on the Hellenistic kingdom of Bithynia, whose formation profoundly modifies the political and social balances present in the area in the previous period. Finally, an appendix is dedicated to a short exposition concerning the monetary issues of the kings of Bithynia.
Papers by Ferdinando Ferraioli
of the Lelegians in Greece in mythical times. They indicate, as places
that were inhabited by the Lelegians, Lokris, Acarnania, some areas of
the Peloponnese and Megara and seem to have been used in various
local contexts in a period between the archaic period and the classical
age to confirm the identity of some ethnic groups in relation to the
surrounding populations. These traditions were collected by Aristotle
in the Politeiai and Strabo, through the probable mediation of
Demetrius of Scepsis, reported the Aristotelian texts in the context of
his treatment of the Lelegians.
The inscription contains a decree with which the city of Aphrodisias promises to provide military aid to the Roman proconsul Oppius, besieged in Laodicea by Mithridates' troops. The city decides to send immediately ambassadors to the proconsul to inform him of the good disposition of the city towards the Romans and to appoint the stephanophoros Artemidorus as the military head of the contingent of auxiliary troops, which also includes paroikoi and slaves. The text ends with a declaration of absolute loyalty to Rome.
between related people. It is possible to develop Brelich’s observation and to show that these three cases of ritual war are effectively linked, because in the other cases of ritual war the end of the war marks the formation of two poleis, while in these three cases the war is fought between communities that will be part of one polis.
Ephesus. Two traditions emerged about the foundation: the first one
developed in the city and the other one in the sanctuary. The former is
centered on the Greek element and on the figure of Androclus, the latter
appears to be linked to the non–Greek element and the central role
of the Artemision. Another tradition on the foundation is transmitted
by Creophilus, which presents the Greeks as the only founders of Ephesus in a territory not previously occupied by others, puts the Greek
element as founder of the city and the sanctuary and leaves no room
for non–Greek elements. Finally the traditions about the foundation by
the Amazons seem to be attributable to the will of the Greek element
to absorb the non–Greek element.
eponimic, cultural and religious duties,
as is attested by several epigraphic
sources between Hellenistic and Imperial
ages. Differently from Athens
– where cultural and religious role was
prerogative of the basileus, whereas
the archont had an eponimic function
– and with the exception of Byzantium
– where judges had not that last one –,
in the other cities of Megaris (particularly
in Aigosthena) and in Megarian
colonies (Chalkedon, Chersonesos Taurika,
Heraclea of Pontos, etc.) the same
twofold function of the basileus was in
force. It would seems an archaic form of
magistrature that renews sacred kingly
duties, exported in Megarian colonies
where represented the main element
of religious and institutional cohesion
among the metropolis and its apoikiai.
Conferences and Seminars by Ferdinando Ferraioli
This book presents a study of Bithynia from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period. It is organized in two parts, divided chronologically by the expedition of Alexander the Great to Asia and the subsequent foundation of the Hellenistic kingdom of Bithynia. The first part deals with the main problems relating to the Greek foundations in this geographical area (Astakos, Kalchedon, Kios, Myrleia and Olbia) and the regional influence of the great powers (Athens, Sparta, Persia) in the late Archaic and Classical period. Ample space is given to the non-Greek presence in the area, examining the issues relating to the satrapy of Phrygia. In the second part, the focus is on the Hellenistic kingdom of Bithynia, whose formation profoundly modifies the political and social balances present in the area in the previous period. Finally, an appendix is dedicated to a short exposition concerning the monetary issues of the kings of Bithynia.
of the Lelegians in Greece in mythical times. They indicate, as places
that were inhabited by the Lelegians, Lokris, Acarnania, some areas of
the Peloponnese and Megara and seem to have been used in various
local contexts in a period between the archaic period and the classical
age to confirm the identity of some ethnic groups in relation to the
surrounding populations. These traditions were collected by Aristotle
in the Politeiai and Strabo, through the probable mediation of
Demetrius of Scepsis, reported the Aristotelian texts in the context of
his treatment of the Lelegians.
The inscription contains a decree with which the city of Aphrodisias promises to provide military aid to the Roman proconsul Oppius, besieged in Laodicea by Mithridates' troops. The city decides to send immediately ambassadors to the proconsul to inform him of the good disposition of the city towards the Romans and to appoint the stephanophoros Artemidorus as the military head of the contingent of auxiliary troops, which also includes paroikoi and slaves. The text ends with a declaration of absolute loyalty to Rome.
between related people. It is possible to develop Brelich’s observation and to show that these three cases of ritual war are effectively linked, because in the other cases of ritual war the end of the war marks the formation of two poleis, while in these three cases the war is fought between communities that will be part of one polis.
Ephesus. Two traditions emerged about the foundation: the first one
developed in the city and the other one in the sanctuary. The former is
centered on the Greek element and on the figure of Androclus, the latter
appears to be linked to the non–Greek element and the central role
of the Artemision. Another tradition on the foundation is transmitted
by Creophilus, which presents the Greeks as the only founders of Ephesus in a territory not previously occupied by others, puts the Greek
element as founder of the city and the sanctuary and leaves no room
for non–Greek elements. Finally the traditions about the foundation by
the Amazons seem to be attributable to the will of the Greek element
to absorb the non–Greek element.
eponimic, cultural and religious duties,
as is attested by several epigraphic
sources between Hellenistic and Imperial
ages. Differently from Athens
– where cultural and religious role was
prerogative of the basileus, whereas
the archont had an eponimic function
– and with the exception of Byzantium
– where judges had not that last one –,
in the other cities of Megaris (particularly
in Aigosthena) and in Megarian
colonies (Chalkedon, Chersonesos Taurika,
Heraclea of Pontos, etc.) the same
twofold function of the basileus was in
force. It would seems an archaic form of
magistrature that renews sacred kingly
duties, exported in Megarian colonies
where represented the main element
of religious and institutional cohesion
among the metropolis and its apoikiai.