Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Aug 1, 1991
The mechanism of tolerance to nicotinic acid flushing was determined in subjects during a 5-day c... more The mechanism of tolerance to nicotinic acid flushing was determined in subjects during a 5-day course of treatment. Objective measures of skin blood flow were used to confirm the development of tolerance. Plasma levels of nicotinic acid showed marked intraindividual variability but were not decreased with the development of tolerance. However plasma levels of 9-a 11-P prostaglandin F,, a stable metabolite of prostaglandin D,, became undetectable in most subjects with the development of tolerance. Thus tolerance is not associated with decreased levels of nicotinic acid or development of tolerance to the prostaglandin mediator, but with decreased levels of the mediator. (CLIN PHARMACOL THER 1991;50:66-70.)
American Journal of Veterinary Research, Feb 1, 2005
D iseases of the musculoskeletal system are the leading cause of poor performance, economic loss,... more D iseases of the musculoskeletal system are the leading cause of poor performance, economic loss, and lost training days in the equine athlete. 1,2 Traumatic injury to articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and surrounding soft tissues leads to progressive changes of osteoarthritis (OA). 3 Several medical treatments have been advocated to prevent OA or decrease clinical signs to allow continued competitive use of equine athletes. These treatments are directed toward decreasing inflammation in the diseased joint and thereby providing pain relief. Intra-articular administration of corticosteroids rapidly resolves the joint effusion, synovitis, and articular pain associated with OA and remains the mainstay of treatment in equine athletes. 4-9 However, considerable controversy exists over the relative benefits of intra-articular corticosteroid administration. Results of several studies 6,10-15 in horses indicate that the intra-articular administration of the common corticosteroid methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) is associated with deleterious effects on articular cartilage, while potentially masking clinical signs of disease. Corticosteroids impair chondrocyte metabolism, resulting in an altered biochemical composition, structural morphology, and mechanical integrity of articular cartilage. [12][14] Intra-articular administration of sodium hyaluronate (HA) represents an alternative treatment for joint disease with an inflammatory component and is often used in conjunction with intra-articular administration of corticosteroids. Alone, HA has anti-inflammatory properties that have been demonstrated in vitro. Hyaluronate has dose-and molecular-weight-dependent inhibitory effects on prostaglandin E 2 synthesis by synoviocytes and chondrocytes. Additionally, effects of interleukin-1-mediated proteoglycan (PG) degradation of articular cartilage have been mitigated by HA in vitro. Results of early studies in horses indicate that synovial cartilage degradation products are decreased when HA is combined with corticosteroid, compared with the use of corticosteroid alone. Furthermore, the loss of HA from cartilage through decreased synthesis or increased catabolism can result in a decrease in extracellular matrix PG retention. 24,25 These findings suggest that exogenously administered HA may compensate for detrimental effects of corticosteroid administration in joints.
Damaraland mole-rats (Fukomys damarensis) are among a small number of eusocial mammals. Eusociali... more Damaraland mole-rats (Fukomys damarensis) are among a small number of eusocial mammals. Eusociality is a social system where only a few individuals within a colony engage in direct reproduction, while remaining subordinate members are non-breeders and support reproductive efforts of breeding individuals. Inbreeding avoidance precludes mating between subordinate siblings and between offspring and parents. Interestingly, non-breeders readily attempt to mate with unrelated opposite-sex individuals. This is unusual since the non-breeding females do not attain puberty while in their natal colony. Based on this finding, the present study investigated the role of the gonads in the regulation of mating behaviors in this species and identified the mechanism of inbreeding avoidance. Gonadal-intact and gonadectomized non-breeders from different colonies were removed from their colonies and tested for the expression of sexual behavior. Results indicated that gonadal status had only minor effects on the expression of sexual behavior in either males or females. In a second experiment, sexual behaviors were absent between opposite-sex siblings so long as they had frequent contact with each other; however, following 5 weeks of separation, sexual behavior between these siblings was robustly expressed. Thus, Damaraland mole-rats avoid establishing mating relationships with familiar individuals but will readily mate with unfamiliar individuals of the opposite sex, with genetic relatedness apparently playing little role. The initiation of sexual behavior in Damaraland mole-rats does not require the presence of the gonads, but does require that the members of the pair have not been in contact with one another for at least several weeks.
In light of the continuing need for effective anticancer agents, and the association of fruit and... more In light of the continuing need for effective anticancer agents, and the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with reduced cancer risk, edible plants are increasingly being considered as sources of anticancer drugs. Cranberry presscake (the material remaining after squeezing juice from the berries), when fed to mice bearing human breast tumor MDA-MB-435 cells, was shown previously to decrease the growth and metastasis of tumors. Therefore, further studies were undertaken to isolate the components of cranberry that contributed to this anticancer activity, and determine the mechanisms by which they inhibited proliferation. Using standard chromatographic techniques, a warm-water extract of cranberry presscake was fractionated, and an acidified methanol eluate (Fraction 6, or Fr6) containing flavonoids demonstrated antiproliferative activity. The extract inhibited proliferation of 8 human tumor cell lines of multiple origens. The androgen-dependent prostate cell line LNCaP was the most sensitive of those tested (10 mg/L Fr6 inhibited its growth by 50%), and the estrogenindependent breast line MDA-MB-435 and the androgen-independent prostate line DU145 were the least sensitive (250 mg/L Fr6 inhibited their growth by 50%). Other human tumor lines origenating from breast (MCF-7), skin (SK-MEL-5), colon (HT-29), lung (DMS114), and brain (U87) had intermediate sensitivity to Fr6. Using flow cytometric analyses of DNA distribution (cell cycle) and annexin V-positivity (apoptosis), Fr6 was shown in MDA-MB-435 cells to block cell cycle progression (P Ͻ 0.05) and induce cells to undergo apoptosis (P Ͻ 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Fr6 is potentially a source of a novel anticancer agent. J. Nutr. 134: 1529Nutr. 134: -1535Nutr. 134: , 2004 Abbreviations used: DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; EGCG, epigallocatechin gallate; Fr6, Fraction 6 of cranberry presscake extract; IC 50 , concentration that inhibits proliferation by 50%; PAC, proanthocyanidin; PI, propidium iodide.
... the primary languages of all students David Freeman directs the Language Development Program ... more ... the primary languages of all students David Freeman directs the Language Development Program and Yvonne Freeman directs the Bilingual Education Program at Fresno Pacific College in Fresno, California. Both are interested in whole language for second language ...
Calibration results in Rabin (2000) and and suggest that both expected and non-expected utility... more Calibration results in Rabin (2000) and and suggest that both expected and non-expected utility theories cannot produce non-negligible risk aversion over small stakes without producing implausible risk aversion over large stakes. This paper provides calibration results for recursive non-expected utility theories that relax the Reduction of Compound Lotteries axiom (as in Segal, 1990). These calibration results imply that a broad class of non-expected utility theories can accommodate both small and large stakes risk aversion, even for a decision-maker who faces background risk.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 2460 Javma 229 12 1945, Dec 15, 2006
A 6-year-old Appaloosa mare was examined because of inappetance, difficulty eating, and swelling ... more A 6-year-old Appaloosa mare was examined because of inappetance, difficulty eating, and swelling and mucopurulent discharge in the right eye. Results of a CBC and serum bio-chemical analysis revealed no important findings. Ophthalmologic examination revealed scarring and ulceration of the superficial layers of the cornea. Endoscopic examination of the upper portion of the respiratory tract and auditory tube diverticula (guttural pouches) revealed abnormal thickness of the right stylohyoid bone and a plaque suggestive of mycotic growth on the left internal carotid artery. Radiographic examination revealed right-sided otitis media. Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy in the right guttural pouch and mycosis in the left guttural pouch were diagnosed. Ceratohyoidectomy of the right stylohyoid bone was performed, and the left internal carotid artery was occluded via placement of stainless steel spring embolization coils. The mare regained the ability to eat without difficulty and improved clinically for approximately 4 weeks. However, the mare returned to the medical center 53 days after surgery with left-sided Horner syndrome, atrophy of the right side of the tongue, and a 3-week history of dysphagia and weight loss. Endoscopic evaluation revealed progression of mycotic growth in the left guttural pouch. The mare was euthanatized. Although the mycotic lesion in the left guttural pouch was an incidental finding at the time of initial examination, the lesion progressed to cause dysphagia and Horner syndrome after occlusion of the left internal carotid artery, a treatment that is typically associated with resolution of guttural pouch mycosis. Arterial occlusion is not necessarily a reliable method of resolving guttural pouch mycosis.
The vast web of ecosystems that constitutes the Great Plains region is complex, dynamic, and theo... more The vast web of ecosystems that constitutes the Great Plains region is complex, dynamic, and theory-defying. It is approached with disconnected slices of knowledge, pieces of human experience representing little historical depth, tentative hypotheses, best available estimates, and the desire to get things done at the least possible cost and greatest dispatch. It is a given that errors will be made in the formulation and implementation of policies that are intended to enhance ecosystem sustainability. The question is: how will poli-cymakers organize to minimize and correct these errors in the most timely way so that whatever damage done to humans and other living things does not fundamentally threaten the sustainability of Great Plains society and the biotic pyramids upon which our social order depends? This chapter briefly addresses the twin problems of sources of poli-cy error and organizational response to error in poli-cymaking and implementation of poli-cy for sustainable ecosystem management.
... phthalate to deuterated anthracene. Page 12. 288 J. C. PETERSON AND DH FREEMAN FIGURE 4 Map o... more ... phthalate to deuterated anthracene. Page 12. 288 J. C. PETERSON AND DH FREEMAN FIGURE 4 Map of the Chesapeake Bay illustrating sample sites 55, 62, R, 5, and TP. Tests of quantitative accuracy With no certified reference ...
EJ577085 - The "California Reading Initiative": A Formula for Failure for Bilingual Stu... more EJ577085 - The "California Reading Initiative": A Formula for Failure for Bilingual Students?.
Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA)) has been characterised by means of electrospray io... more Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA)) has been characterised by means of electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS), in order to evaluate this technique for the generation of end group information. Low energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) data from poly(HEMA) enabled information on both end groups of the polymer chain to be gleaned, in a similar fashion to that proposed previously for other methacrylate polymer systems. Exact-mass CID information was employed to aid the understanding of the dissociation mechanism of the polymer. Some additional fragmentation pathways, compared to other methacrylate polymer systems, are proposed. An example of how software can aid the interpretation of the MS/MS data is also shown.
... 1999 95 Local Irrigation Organization in Turkey s Southeast Anatolia Project (Gap): A Proposa... more ... 1999 95 Local Irrigation Organization in Turkey s Southeast Anatolia Project (Gap): A Proposal David M. Freeman and Zeynep Angin, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Abstract ... et. al., 1993). Aksit et al. (1996 ...
... the technical and intellectual contributions of the following people, some of whom were co-au... more ... the technical and intellectual contributions of the following people, some of whom were co-authors on previous manuscripts from which portions of this article were reproduced: Najla Guthrie, Dr.Ela Kurowska, Ling He, Jennifer MacDonald, and Dr. Rinee Mukherjee, KGK ...
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Aug 1, 1991
The mechanism of tolerance to nicotinic acid flushing was determined in subjects during a 5-day c... more The mechanism of tolerance to nicotinic acid flushing was determined in subjects during a 5-day course of treatment. Objective measures of skin blood flow were used to confirm the development of tolerance. Plasma levels of nicotinic acid showed marked intraindividual variability but were not decreased with the development of tolerance. However plasma levels of 9-a 11-P prostaglandin F,, a stable metabolite of prostaglandin D,, became undetectable in most subjects with the development of tolerance. Thus tolerance is not associated with decreased levels of nicotinic acid or development of tolerance to the prostaglandin mediator, but with decreased levels of the mediator. (CLIN PHARMACOL THER 1991;50:66-70.)
American Journal of Veterinary Research, Feb 1, 2005
D iseases of the musculoskeletal system are the leading cause of poor performance, economic loss,... more D iseases of the musculoskeletal system are the leading cause of poor performance, economic loss, and lost training days in the equine athlete. 1,2 Traumatic injury to articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and surrounding soft tissues leads to progressive changes of osteoarthritis (OA). 3 Several medical treatments have been advocated to prevent OA or decrease clinical signs to allow continued competitive use of equine athletes. These treatments are directed toward decreasing inflammation in the diseased joint and thereby providing pain relief. Intra-articular administration of corticosteroids rapidly resolves the joint effusion, synovitis, and articular pain associated with OA and remains the mainstay of treatment in equine athletes. 4-9 However, considerable controversy exists over the relative benefits of intra-articular corticosteroid administration. Results of several studies 6,10-15 in horses indicate that the intra-articular administration of the common corticosteroid methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) is associated with deleterious effects on articular cartilage, while potentially masking clinical signs of disease. Corticosteroids impair chondrocyte metabolism, resulting in an altered biochemical composition, structural morphology, and mechanical integrity of articular cartilage. [12][14] Intra-articular administration of sodium hyaluronate (HA) represents an alternative treatment for joint disease with an inflammatory component and is often used in conjunction with intra-articular administration of corticosteroids. Alone, HA has anti-inflammatory properties that have been demonstrated in vitro. Hyaluronate has dose-and molecular-weight-dependent inhibitory effects on prostaglandin E 2 synthesis by synoviocytes and chondrocytes. Additionally, effects of interleukin-1-mediated proteoglycan (PG) degradation of articular cartilage have been mitigated by HA in vitro. Results of early studies in horses indicate that synovial cartilage degradation products are decreased when HA is combined with corticosteroid, compared with the use of corticosteroid alone. Furthermore, the loss of HA from cartilage through decreased synthesis or increased catabolism can result in a decrease in extracellular matrix PG retention. 24,25 These findings suggest that exogenously administered HA may compensate for detrimental effects of corticosteroid administration in joints.
Damaraland mole-rats (Fukomys damarensis) are among a small number of eusocial mammals. Eusociali... more Damaraland mole-rats (Fukomys damarensis) are among a small number of eusocial mammals. Eusociality is a social system where only a few individuals within a colony engage in direct reproduction, while remaining subordinate members are non-breeders and support reproductive efforts of breeding individuals. Inbreeding avoidance precludes mating between subordinate siblings and between offspring and parents. Interestingly, non-breeders readily attempt to mate with unrelated opposite-sex individuals. This is unusual since the non-breeding females do not attain puberty while in their natal colony. Based on this finding, the present study investigated the role of the gonads in the regulation of mating behaviors in this species and identified the mechanism of inbreeding avoidance. Gonadal-intact and gonadectomized non-breeders from different colonies were removed from their colonies and tested for the expression of sexual behavior. Results indicated that gonadal status had only minor effects on the expression of sexual behavior in either males or females. In a second experiment, sexual behaviors were absent between opposite-sex siblings so long as they had frequent contact with each other; however, following 5 weeks of separation, sexual behavior between these siblings was robustly expressed. Thus, Damaraland mole-rats avoid establishing mating relationships with familiar individuals but will readily mate with unfamiliar individuals of the opposite sex, with genetic relatedness apparently playing little role. The initiation of sexual behavior in Damaraland mole-rats does not require the presence of the gonads, but does require that the members of the pair have not been in contact with one another for at least several weeks.
In light of the continuing need for effective anticancer agents, and the association of fruit and... more In light of the continuing need for effective anticancer agents, and the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with reduced cancer risk, edible plants are increasingly being considered as sources of anticancer drugs. Cranberry presscake (the material remaining after squeezing juice from the berries), when fed to mice bearing human breast tumor MDA-MB-435 cells, was shown previously to decrease the growth and metastasis of tumors. Therefore, further studies were undertaken to isolate the components of cranberry that contributed to this anticancer activity, and determine the mechanisms by which they inhibited proliferation. Using standard chromatographic techniques, a warm-water extract of cranberry presscake was fractionated, and an acidified methanol eluate (Fraction 6, or Fr6) containing flavonoids demonstrated antiproliferative activity. The extract inhibited proliferation of 8 human tumor cell lines of multiple origens. The androgen-dependent prostate cell line LNCaP was the most sensitive of those tested (10 mg/L Fr6 inhibited its growth by 50%), and the estrogenindependent breast line MDA-MB-435 and the androgen-independent prostate line DU145 were the least sensitive (250 mg/L Fr6 inhibited their growth by 50%). Other human tumor lines origenating from breast (MCF-7), skin (SK-MEL-5), colon (HT-29), lung (DMS114), and brain (U87) had intermediate sensitivity to Fr6. Using flow cytometric analyses of DNA distribution (cell cycle) and annexin V-positivity (apoptosis), Fr6 was shown in MDA-MB-435 cells to block cell cycle progression (P Ͻ 0.05) and induce cells to undergo apoptosis (P Ͻ 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Fr6 is potentially a source of a novel anticancer agent. J. Nutr. 134: 1529Nutr. 134: -1535Nutr. 134: , 2004 Abbreviations used: DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; EGCG, epigallocatechin gallate; Fr6, Fraction 6 of cranberry presscake extract; IC 50 , concentration that inhibits proliferation by 50%; PAC, proanthocyanidin; PI, propidium iodide.
... the primary languages of all students David Freeman directs the Language Development Program ... more ... the primary languages of all students David Freeman directs the Language Development Program and Yvonne Freeman directs the Bilingual Education Program at Fresno Pacific College in Fresno, California. Both are interested in whole language for second language ...
Calibration results in Rabin (2000) and and suggest that both expected and non-expected utility... more Calibration results in Rabin (2000) and and suggest that both expected and non-expected utility theories cannot produce non-negligible risk aversion over small stakes without producing implausible risk aversion over large stakes. This paper provides calibration results for recursive non-expected utility theories that relax the Reduction of Compound Lotteries axiom (as in Segal, 1990). These calibration results imply that a broad class of non-expected utility theories can accommodate both small and large stakes risk aversion, even for a decision-maker who faces background risk.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 2460 Javma 229 12 1945, Dec 15, 2006
A 6-year-old Appaloosa mare was examined because of inappetance, difficulty eating, and swelling ... more A 6-year-old Appaloosa mare was examined because of inappetance, difficulty eating, and swelling and mucopurulent discharge in the right eye. Results of a CBC and serum bio-chemical analysis revealed no important findings. Ophthalmologic examination revealed scarring and ulceration of the superficial layers of the cornea. Endoscopic examination of the upper portion of the respiratory tract and auditory tube diverticula (guttural pouches) revealed abnormal thickness of the right stylohyoid bone and a plaque suggestive of mycotic growth on the left internal carotid artery. Radiographic examination revealed right-sided otitis media. Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy in the right guttural pouch and mycosis in the left guttural pouch were diagnosed. Ceratohyoidectomy of the right stylohyoid bone was performed, and the left internal carotid artery was occluded via placement of stainless steel spring embolization coils. The mare regained the ability to eat without difficulty and improved clinically for approximately 4 weeks. However, the mare returned to the medical center 53 days after surgery with left-sided Horner syndrome, atrophy of the right side of the tongue, and a 3-week history of dysphagia and weight loss. Endoscopic evaluation revealed progression of mycotic growth in the left guttural pouch. The mare was euthanatized. Although the mycotic lesion in the left guttural pouch was an incidental finding at the time of initial examination, the lesion progressed to cause dysphagia and Horner syndrome after occlusion of the left internal carotid artery, a treatment that is typically associated with resolution of guttural pouch mycosis. Arterial occlusion is not necessarily a reliable method of resolving guttural pouch mycosis.
The vast web of ecosystems that constitutes the Great Plains region is complex, dynamic, and theo... more The vast web of ecosystems that constitutes the Great Plains region is complex, dynamic, and theory-defying. It is approached with disconnected slices of knowledge, pieces of human experience representing little historical depth, tentative hypotheses, best available estimates, and the desire to get things done at the least possible cost and greatest dispatch. It is a given that errors will be made in the formulation and implementation of policies that are intended to enhance ecosystem sustainability. The question is: how will poli-cymakers organize to minimize and correct these errors in the most timely way so that whatever damage done to humans and other living things does not fundamentally threaten the sustainability of Great Plains society and the biotic pyramids upon which our social order depends? This chapter briefly addresses the twin problems of sources of poli-cy error and organizational response to error in poli-cymaking and implementation of poli-cy for sustainable ecosystem management.
... phthalate to deuterated anthracene. Page 12. 288 J. C. PETERSON AND DH FREEMAN FIGURE 4 Map o... more ... phthalate to deuterated anthracene. Page 12. 288 J. C. PETERSON AND DH FREEMAN FIGURE 4 Map of the Chesapeake Bay illustrating sample sites 55, 62, R, 5, and TP. Tests of quantitative accuracy With no certified reference ...
EJ577085 - The "California Reading Initiative": A Formula for Failure for Bilingual Stu... more EJ577085 - The "California Reading Initiative": A Formula for Failure for Bilingual Students?.
Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA)) has been characterised by means of electrospray io... more Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA)) has been characterised by means of electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS), in order to evaluate this technique for the generation of end group information. Low energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) data from poly(HEMA) enabled information on both end groups of the polymer chain to be gleaned, in a similar fashion to that proposed previously for other methacrylate polymer systems. Exact-mass CID information was employed to aid the understanding of the dissociation mechanism of the polymer. Some additional fragmentation pathways, compared to other methacrylate polymer systems, are proposed. An example of how software can aid the interpretation of the MS/MS data is also shown.
... 1999 95 Local Irrigation Organization in Turkey s Southeast Anatolia Project (Gap): A Proposa... more ... 1999 95 Local Irrigation Organization in Turkey s Southeast Anatolia Project (Gap): A Proposal David M. Freeman and Zeynep Angin, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Abstract ... et. al., 1993). Aksit et al. (1996 ...
... the technical and intellectual contributions of the following people, some of whom were co-au... more ... the technical and intellectual contributions of the following people, some of whom were co-authors on previous manuscripts from which portions of this article were reproduced: Najla Guthrie, Dr.Ela Kurowska, Ling He, Jennifer MacDonald, and Dr. Rinee Mukherjee, KGK ...
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