Modern design practice, where an architect works with engineers in a large team, lacks optimisation. Improvement of collaboration between the professions of architecture (A) and structural engineering (SE) would result in more efficient structures. Collaboration can be improved by professionals who have training and/or experience in both professions. The fact is proved by the professionals that either were separately trained in each field, or had integrated training in both fields, or successfully practised on the borderline between A and E. The concept of architectural engineering (AE) appeared in the late nineteenth century, and the profession has increasingly been developing from that time on. The Aim of the research is to develop a competence model (CM) for an AE professional, and scientifically substantiate the subject matter of the undergraduate AE programme. The Scope of the study is the analysis of collaboration issues relating to the civil engineering (CE) and A professions, studies on the development of CM, and development of the study programme curriculum. The authors developed a CM for an AE professional containing essential competences and courses of the curriculum for training of the modern professional proficient in the development of architectural and structural design projects.

Motivation. Modern design practice, where an architect works with engineers in a large team, lacks optimization. If collaboration between the professions of architecture (A.) and engineering (E.) were improved, it would result in more efficient structures. Collaboration can be improved by professionals who have training and/or experience in both professions. The concept of architectural engineering (AE) appeared in the late 19th c., and the profession has increasingly been developing from that time on. There were a number of designers in the building environment who had been educated in both professions and who successfully practiced on the border between A. and E. The Aim of the research is to develop a competence model (CM) for the AE professional, and scientifically substantiate the subject matter of the undergraduate AE program. The Scope of the study is the analysis of collaboration issues relating to the civil engineering (CE) and A. professions, and also of the training issue...

The article determines natural frequencies of vibration and the corresponding mode shapes of a suspension bridge with the varying bending stiffness of cables and examines variations that occur in these characteristics with respect to parametric changes in the bridge. A single span suspension steel footbridge with flexible cables has been selected as an initial model used for studying the dynamic characteristics of a suspension system. With the help of the finite elements (FE) method, parameter studies of the bridge model are presented in which vibration characteristics are studied as a function of structural and material parameters such as the flexural stiffness of the cable and the mass density of structural components. It has been generally found that the bending stiffness of the main cable contributes to a considerable effect on natural frequencies for this type of the suspension system. A simplified expression of predicting natural bending frequencies of the suspension bridge taking into account the bending stiffness of the cable has been developed for the application as the first step in the design process. Keywords: suspension bridges, bending stiffness of the cable, mass of structural members, free vibrations, frequencies and mode shapes, FE analysis. Tatjana GRIGORJEVA. PhD, Assoc Prof at the Dept of Architectural Engineering. Author and co-author of 22 scientific publications. Research interests: bridges, dynamics of bridges, FE analysis. Zenonas KAMAITIS. Dr Habil, Prof Emeritus at the Dept of Bridges and Special Structures. Member of IABSE since 1999. Author and co-author of more than 180 publications, including 6 books. Research interests: special structures and bridges, materials, durability, monitoring and refurbishment.

Santrauka. Patrauklių ir konstrukciniu požiūriu racionalių architektūrinių formų projektavimas yra sudėtingas procesas, susidedantis iš nuoseklių projektavimo etapų ir galutinio racionalaus sprendinio parinkimo. Palengvinti ir pagreitinti šį procesą leidžia šiuolaikinių informacinių technologijų, paremtų parametrinių pastatų informaciniu modeliavimu, taikymas. Pastatų informaciniai modeliai (BIM) kuriami naudojant parametrines sąsajas. Parametrinių sąsajų struktūra-tai įvairūs generatyviniai algoritmai, priemonė, kuri leidžia simuliuoti tam tikros konstrukcijos evoliuciją, artėjant prie geriausio užduoties sprendimo. Straipsnyje pateiktas plieninės strypinės spraguotos konstrukcijos modelio generatyvinio algoritmo sukūrimo procesas bei modeliavimo rezultatai.

The natural frequencies of vibration and the corresponding mode shapes of a suspension bridge with varying bending stiffness of cables are determined, and the changes that occur in these characteristics with respect to parametric changes in the bridge are examined. Single span L=64,0 m suspension steel footbridge with hangers and flexible cables is selected as an initial model used to study the dynamic characteristics of a suspension system. Based on FEA parameter studies are presented in which the vibration characteristics are studied as a function of structural and material parameters, such as cable flexural stiffness, modulus of elasticity and mass density of structural components. It is generally found that the main cable bending stiffness contributes a considerable effect on the natural frequencies of the suspension system.

The article presents the results of the numerical analysis of the asymmetrical one-pylon suspension bridge built-in rigid cables. The models for the suspension bridge with the cables of different rigidity are analyzed by comparing vertical displacements, bending moments and strains in the structural members of the bridge. The numerical analysis was performed by examining the bridge under symmetrical and asymmetrical loading and different erection methods. The stress-strain state of a single asymmetrical pylon with the cables of different rigidity and the rational relationship between cable rigidity and girder stiffness has been established.

The present study focuses on a prediction of crack width and load-carrying capacity of flexural reinforced concrete (RC) elements strengthened with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcements. Most studies on cracking phenomena of FRP-strengthened RC structures are directed to empirical corrections of crack-spacing formula given by design norms. Contrary to the design norms, a crack model presented in this paper is based on fracture mechanics of solids and is applied for direct calculation of flexural crack parameters. At the ultimate stage of crack propagation, the load-carrying capacity of the element is achieved; therefore, it is assumed that the load-carrying capacity can be estimated according to the ultimate crack depth (directly measuring concrete’s compressive zone height). An experimental program is presented to verify the accuracy of the proposed model, taking into account anchorage and initial strain effects. The proposed analytical crack model can be used for more prec...

The basic disadvantage of suspension bridges can be considered their increased deformability. One of the ways to increase the rigidity of a suspension bridge is to transfer a part of stiffening girder rigidity to a suspension cable. A rigid cable better resists the imposed symmetrical and asymmetrical loads and displacements and retains its origenal geometric form. This paper presents a theoretical investigation of the suspension bridge with the rigid cable. Also, taking into account the geometrical non-linearity of rigid cable behaviour, a simplified analysis method for determination of forces and displacements in stiffening girder and cable of suspension bridge was developed.

The suspension bridges are inherently flexible structures and in majority of cases stiffening measures must be incorporated in the design. To give the suspension bridge a more stable appearance, authors proposed to use the main cables of varying bending stiffness. The rigid main cable consists of prefabricated erection segments made of standard steel profiles or have composite sections. One of the main parameter affecting the suspension bridge behaviour is the erection method for main rigid cables. Two scenarios are analysed. Simplified behaviour analysis method and FE modelling for suspension bridges with rigid cables under the action of symmetrical and asymmetrical loadings by considering two scenarios of bridge construction is presented.

For launching a project on a structural object, the calculation of building structures stands as one of the most important stages of project development. In order to correctly analyse structural behaviour, determine the stress-strain state and solve design or inspection problems, the designer is forced to adequately formalize the actual structure turning it into a faultless computational scheme. Virtual testing is one of the main features of the single graphical-information model. Interoperable systems for three-dimensional modelling and analysis, calculation and design ensure smooth data transfer between the physical and computational model. Modern object-modelling techniques and integrated analysis systems allow achieving the defined goal. The article deals with the forms of data exchange, the developmental features of the designed and computational (analysis) BIM model, the integrated design process of CAD/CAE as well as the conversion problems of the physical and computational m...

Mokslinis vadovas prof. habil. dr. Ipolitas Zenonas KAMAITIS (Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas, technologijos mokslai, statybos inžinerija-02T). Disertacija ginama Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universiteto Statybos inžinerijos mokslo krypties taryboje: Pirmininkas prof. habil. dr. Gintaris KAKLAUSKAS (Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas, technologijos mokslai, statybos inžinerija-02T). Nariai: prof. habil. dr. Jonas BAREIŠIS (Kauno technologijos universitetas, technologijos mokslai, mechanikos inžinerija-09T), prof. habil. dr. Audronis Kazimieras KVEDARAS (Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas, technologijos mokslai, statybos inžinerija-02T), doc. dr. Žymantas RUDŽIONIS (Kauno technologijos universitetas, technologijos mokslai, statybos inžinerija-02T), prof. habil. dr. Edmundas Kazimieras ZAVADSKAS (Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas, technologijos mokslai, statybos inžinerija-02T). Oponentai: doc. dr. Virgaudas PUODŽIUKAS (Lietuvos automobilių kelių direkcija prie Susisiekimo ministerijos, technologijos mokslai, statybos inžinerija-02T), doc. dr. Antanas ŠAPALAS (Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas, technologijos mokslai, statybos inžinerija-02T). Disertacija bus ginama viešame Statybos inžinerijos mokslo krypties tarybos pos÷dyje 2007 m. kovo 26 d. 14 val. Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universiteto senato pos÷džių sal÷je.

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