In monitoring, preservation and regeneration of masonry architectural heritage modern digital technologies increase performance speed and quality. In rehabilitation of masonry castles an important role is played by the digital technologies, such as laser scanning, photogrammetry, photography, two-dimensional design (2D) and three-dimensional design (3D). Fairly accurate view of the future and perceived space, restored interior and exterior details is created with the help of some or all of these technologies. Formation of the restored castle’s vision is also influenced by its urban environment, preserved authentic material and even modern heritage conservation theory. This article provides an overview of digitization techniques and their variations based on approved foreign materials and practices used in the process of masonry castles regeneration. Santrauka Siekiant išsaugoti, stebint ir regeneruojant mūrinės architektūros paveldą šiuolaikinių skaitmeninių technologijų naudojimas ...

The regeneration of brick castles of Panemunė Regional Park in Lithuania was influenced by the political, economic, and social environment. The motives of their regeneration was the function of state border defence, installation of fortifications for the occupation of new lands, function of defence of the state internal and transit trade routes, function of the protection of noblemen's property, and the function of strengthening of the territorial control. Two characteristic castle development tendencies were revealed: one witnessed further development under local construction traditions, while another reflected the examples of the European construction. The architecture of castles was shaped by the military tactics, development of military technique, local terrain, the wellbeing of the castle owners, their hierarchical role and demands, construction traditions, and the development of construction technology. The architectural forms varied from dungeon to palace. The changing so...

tipinius vienbučių projektus, palyginti, kaip tam tikrų reglamentų nurodymai atsispinti namų funkcinėje struktūroje, atskleisti jau nebegaliojančių reglamentų įtaką vėlesniems projektams. Tyrimo metodologija: empirinio tyrimo metu surinkti vienbučių namų projektai lyginami tarpusavyje ir taip pat paraleliai lyginami su tuo meto galiojusių teisės aktų nuostatais. Tyrimui kontekstualizuoti atsižvelgiama į istorinius socialinius laikotarpio vertinimus. Minimalaus būsto idėjos XX a. pr. Funkcinius gyvenamojo būsto aspektus buvo imtasi api brėžti dar ankstyvojoje komunizmo ideologijoje, spraudžiant šeimas į komunalinius butus, pvz. "Buržuaziniai namai, pasak Lenino, yra bet kuris būstas, turintis tiek pat kambarių, kiek ir gyventojų" (Zavisca 2012). Šios XX a. pradžios nuostatos apraiškų buvo galima stebėti ir Lietuvoje iki pat 1990 m., kai neretai keturių asmenų šeimai 1 buvo skiriamas trijų ar net dviejų kambarių butas (be to, Sovietų Sąjungoje atsirado įprotis skaičiuoti kambarius, o ne miegamuosius-juk neretai ir svetainė buvo paverčiama miegamuoju). Vertinant tipinius vienbučių namų 1 Autorė šį teiginį grindžia savo asmenine patirtimi-didžioji dalis butų, statytų sovietiniais metais, turi 2 ar 3 kambarius, o dauguma šeimų sovietiniais metais turėjo du vaikus. Situacija panaši ir šiandien-paklausiausi 2-3 kambarių, 40-60 kv. butai.

In soviet Lithuania standard single-family housing projects have been actively developed and constantly improved. It was possible to identify about 40 different standard housing projects in Lithuania’s rural areas in the early eighties. However, it was not an easy task for a family to build their own house. The construction was hampered by the lack of permanent materials and priority queues, according to which plots were distributed. Also one must take notice that the construction of single-family homes was totally prohibited in major cities. Before setting in the prohibition in the 60s, one could recognize standard housing exploiting traditional materials – brick, wood, as well as adapting architectural features of interwar housing. Meanwhile, the rural areas started to experiment with the design of industrially prefabricated homes. These attributes of, so far poorly, investigated typology are one of the components forming a standard single- family house in modern day Lithuania. Th...

The paper is focused on the impact of the public architectural excursions in the discourse of marginal modernist heritage of Soviet residential districts. It is argued that architectural public tours are one of the most acceptable tools for both professional experts (creating a platform for knowledge of status quo at a scale of 1:1 – the real basis for further research and for the start of the rethought modernisation) and wider audience, especially residents of the districts (re-appreciating the local identity, increasing the added value of the districts, provoking to take the initiative to improve the habitat).

The article is on the issue of standardized single-family houses introduced by the Soviet government in post-war Lithuania, which later were strictly prohibited. The relation between standardization and communist ideology and the Soviet law is analysed. The author argues that despite the significant influence of the Soviet law, standardized houses were symbols of welfare, modernist architecture and modern living. The lack and absence of them had a negative impact on the architecture of standardized houses in contemporary Lithuania.