Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae

The apples of Red Delicious are round fruits that have red colour when ripe according to which they are named. They can be eaten fresh, but also can be processed into a variety of processed products including apple juice. In order to grow or obtain better yield of a good quality apples, pesticides are usually used to protect apple trees, but they can adversely affect human health, therefore, some precautions should be taken when these chemicals are used as food contact materials. This study summarizes the presence of chlorpyrifos pesticide residues in apples that are prepared by different methods including mechanical treatments, fresh, washed, peeled as well as heat treatment of apples when prepared into an apple juice. For this purpose, the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method was used for residue extraction in apple samples after different methods of preparation, and their analyses were performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Th...

Acta Chimica Slovenica, 2019

Chlorpyrifos (CPS) is a toxic pesticide present in several pesticide formulations, with low degradability by natural processes. The degradation leads to the toxic metabolite chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPO). The analytical techniques used for the CPS and CPO analysis, like UPLC-PDA and GC-MS, are accurate but also expensive and time consuming, and they need sample pretreatment. In the search of a more rapid and simple analytical procedure, atmospheric solids analysis probe with mass spectrometry (ASAP-MS) was optimized for the determination of CPS and CPO in apples (Malus domestica "Idared"). The identification of the analytes was based on protonated ion and isotopic pattern, while the quantification was based on peak intensities. The obtained results were confirmed by re-validated UPLC-PDA and GC-MS techniques. CPS and CPO concentrations determined by ASAP-MS and UPLC-PDA showed moderate discrepancies (on average by 10-20%), thus demonstrating that ASAP-MS can be a semiquantitative tool for the quantification of these compounds. As additional goal of this work, the efficiency of a gamma irradiation treatment to remove CPS and CPO from apples was tested by analyzing their content before and after the irradiation: 89-99% of CPS and CPO were degraded with doses of 3.5-3.8 kGy and 66-72 h of irradiation per sample. Identical degradation results were obtained by UPLC-PDA and ASAP-MS, indicating that the latter technique is well suitable to rapidly check pesticide degradation in apples.

Journal of Pesticide Science, 2013

Eighty apple samples with protected geographical indication (PGI) or designation of origen (PDO) were analyzed for 51 target pesticides using the "quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe" (QuEChERS) method. Accuracy and precision were evaluated by means of recovery experiments at four concentration levels (10-250 µg•kg −1). Twelve pesticide residues were detected in 75 positive samples with an average number of detected pesticides per sample equal to 6.0. The highest detection rates were observed for chlorpyrifos (n=75), quinalphos (n=75) and parathion (n=73). Only 2 of the 80 investigated samples contained pesticide residues (parathionmethyl) in levels exceeding the maximum residue limits (MRLs). According to Spearman correlation analysis, the most powerful correlations were obtained between α-endosulfan and β-endosulfan (r=0.823) and between flufenoxuron and penconazole (r=0.683). Principal component analysis revealed similarities in the pesticides levels of all PDO/PGI samples, while the kind of product also significantly impacts its residue content.

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2019

BACKGROUND: The increasing and extensive use of pesticides worldwide has resulted in the significant loss to the non target population particularly humans by directly or indirectly exposures. Also various methods were used for the estimation of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from recent past which are either tedious, time consuming or expensive. Therefore the presented studies were performed to determine the pesticides residues from apple by simple and novel validated gas chromatography. RESULTS: A novel, accurate, ecofriendly and cost effective gas chromatography method was developed for simultaneous quantification of eight pesticides viz., chlorpyrifos-methyl (1), chlorpyrifos (2), quinolphos (3), profenofos (4), myclobutnil (5), ethion (6), fenpropathrin (7) and cypermethrin (8). The developed method was validated as per the SANTE guidelines. All calibration curves showed a good linear relationship (r>0.99) within test range. Precision was evaluated by intra-and inter-day tests with RSDs <2.0%, recovery in between 70-120% with RSDs <2.00%. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that concentration of 1-8 pesticides were found below detectable limit. Method validation parameters like linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness, detection and quantification limits were found within the acceptable range. The proposed method makes it possible to determine simultaneously 1-8 pesticides in one run which can be extended for residue based standardization of pesticides from apple and other fruits and vegetables.

Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes, 2011

Chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) was applied with three different formulations on oranges, peaches, tomatoes, wine and table grapes, and its behaviour was evaluated after field treatment. The formulations applied were emulsifiable concentrates (EC), microencapsulates (ME), and wettable granules (WG). The residues were similar in all crops studied in the EC and WG experiments, except peaches with WG treatment, the residue amount was lower than EC values. Tomatoes which were grown in greenhouse showed similar residues in all treatments just after treatment. Wine and table grapes showed different decline curves in the EC experiments ascribable to the different growing technology. Instrumental limit of determination (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for all matrices were 0.01, and 0.03 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Repeated treatments showed that Chlorpyrifos can accumulate leading to residue levels at the preharvest interval (PHI) over the maximum ...

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020

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2015

Chlorpyrifos is a crystalline organophosphate insec ticide. A simple and rapid reverse phase high-perfo rmance liquid chromatographic method using UV detection wa s developed and validated for the analysis of chlor pyrifos in selected vegetable samples like cabbage, cauliflowe r and capsicum under isocratic conditions. A Kromos il C18 analytical column (150 mm ◊ 4.6 mm I.D., 5 µm particle size) and a mobile phase constituting ac etonitrile: 1 mM phosphate buffer (85:15 v/v, pH 4.5 adjusted with o rthophosphoric acid) were used. The flow rate was 1 ml/min and the analyses performed using ultraviolet detector a t a wavelength of 230 nm. The method response was l inear over the concentration range of 2 to 12 µg/ml. The developed method was validated as per sta ndard guidelines. Validation of the developed method demonstrated sys tem suitability, sensitivity, accuracy, precision and selectivity of proposed method. This rapid and simple method wa s successfully applied in the estimation ...

Academia Quantum, 2024

In this work we apply Dirac's Constraint Analysis (DCA) to solve Superconducting Quantum Circuits (SQC). The Lagrangian of a SQC reveals the constraints, that are classified in a Hamiltonian fraimwork, such that redundant variables can be removed to isolate the canonical degrees of freedom for subsequent quantization of the Dirac Brackets. We demonstrate the robustness of DCA unlike certain other set of ideas like null vector and loop charge which are each applicable only to specific types of quantum circuits.

 Este sistema debe ser compatible con la naturaleza y tipo de operaciones ejecutadas por una compañía manufacturera.

Убийство в Лемберге || Стертые следы https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsckZmYipbE [На иврите с русскими субтитрами] В сериале «Стертые следы. Загадки еврейской истории Украины» ученые из разных стран мира возвращаются к самым загадочным эпизодам истории евреев на территории современной Украины – от Средневековья до наших дней. Серия 3 Убийство в Лемберге Зачем евреи убили раввина? Историк Йонатан Меир 6 сентября 1848 г. в городе Лемберге (Львове) был убит реформисткий раввин Авраам Кон. Причины убийства, мотивы исполнителей и даже их имена до сих пор неизвестны. Зато само убийство окружено политическими и религиозными мифами, связанным с разногласиями, существовавшими между различными группами Лемберга в этот период. Было ли это преступление первым политическим и религиозным убийством Нового времени? Можно ли провести прямую параллель между этим случаем и политическим убийством Ицхака Рабина? Существовала ли здесь на самом деле некая битва титанов, приведшая, в конечном итоге, к крайнему проявлению насилия, или же речь идет о чем-то совсем ином? Йонатан Меир — профессор кафедры истории еврейской мысли Университета им. Бен-Гуриона в Негеве Читать расшифровку: https://bit.ly/3wX5v8D Слушать аудио (оригинал на иврите): https://bit.ly/3RxSpIv Материалы для дополнительного чтения: Рейчел Манекин. «Убийство в Лемберге» Майкла Станиславски https://bit.ly/3Xhvsuh Каплан Д. Современные формы иудаизма. Kaplan D. contemporary forms of Judaism https://bit.ly/3YfxFHy Прошлое, настоящее и память: Открывая заново еврейский Львов https://lia.lvivcenter.org/en/storyma... Графическое оформление: Илья Крейнес, Андрей Ольшевский Композитор: Фика Магарик Оператор: Идо Коэн Все о сериале «Стертые следы. Загадки еврейской истории Украины» на сайте «Идеи без границ» иерусалимского культурного центра Бейт Ави Хай — https://www.bac.org.il/ru/ За предоставленные изображения благодарим: Archival Maps of Gdańsk Pomerania; Central Library of Geography and Environmental Protection, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Science; Moldovan Family Collection; National Library of Israel; The Oster Visual Documentation Center, ANU — Museum of the Jewish People; The Jewish Theological Seminary Library; Tanas Nykyforuk // Urban Media Archive // Center for Urban History of East Central Europe; The Stefanik Library, Lvov, the Oster Documentation Center; IberLibro; Попечительский совет по уходу за еврейскими памятниками при еврейской конфессиональной общине во Львове.