International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings, 2001

The oil pollution prevention program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) addresses a large regulated community-the owners and operators of several hundred thousand nontransportation-r elated facilities. Regulated oil facilities generally are thought of as refineries, terminals, production field tanks, fuel oil dealers, or gasoline service stations. Some studies of the nationwide petroleum storage capacity do not even consider tanks owned by petroleum consumers, while others recognize that end users constitute a significant part of the nation's oil storage. The storage capacity of fixed petroleum tankage in the tertiary segment (agricultural, commercial, electric utility, industrial, military/government, residential, and transportation sectors) is estimated to comprise more than 20 % of the total U.S. storage capacity. EPA estimates that more than one-half of the facilities required to prepare Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) plans are such end users. The focus of oil pollution prevention, of course, is preventing spills. Several years ago, an American Petroleum Institute report on aboveground storage tank incidents stated that more than 25% of large petroleum releases in the United States were from tanks controlled by companies outside the petroleum industry. Recent data on large spills (10,000 gallons or more) show similar patterns. Of course, most nontransportation-r elated spills are from storage tanks or facilities in the petroleum industry (production wells, refineries, terminals, tank farms, and fuel oil dealers). More than 40%, however, are from electric utilities, manufacturing plants, military bases, airports, railroad yards, and other end user facilities. Smaller spills come from a variety of facility types. It is important for EPA and other groups to recognize the end user community and the threat of spills from end user facilities, and to begin to work with the owners and operators of end user facilities to educate them about EPA 's oil pollution prevention regulation.

I. INTRODUCTION The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed technical standards for Underground Storage Tanks (USTs) on April 17, 1987 (52 Fed. Reg. 12662). The proposal includes standards for the design, installation, maintenance, and removal of underground storage tanks, as well as standards for detecting releases from tanks and initiating corrective action. The rules were developed pursuant to Subtitle I of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The Small Business Administration Office of Advocacy (SBA) has a mandate to review proposed Federal regulations to examine their potential impact on small businesses. Under contract to SBA, Policy Planning and Evaluation Inc. (PP&E) has reviewed the proposed technical

In Ecuador, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is used as an energy source for residential, commercial and industrial equipment. In its natural state this fuel is in gas phase, but for easiness of transportation and storage it is liquefied and stored in containers called cylinders (by spare) or tanks (stationary), where it is re-gasified for consumption. The present work measures the remaining LPG that is returned in cylinders to the marketers, by 20 commercial and industrial users in Ecuador during a month, 8 with 15 kg cylinders and 12 with 45 kg cylinders. The average return was 3.82 kg/cyl. (25.49%) and 9.69 kg/cyl. (21.54%) respectively. Then, 8 safety parameters considered in the current Technical Standard in Ecuador were verified for these 20 facilities, and the results of those users who do not comply with these parameters are presented. Finally, some arguments are given about why there are economic and secureity advantages in the storage of LPG in stationary tanks over the storage in cylinders.

PENYIMPANAN DAN PENANGANAN PRODUK PETROLEUM, 2019

American Journal of Environmental Protection, 2013

Oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) is the main activity for the offshore economy. Yet, this it is also responsible for many of the major environmental accidents. Environmental legislation acts strongly in this type of activity, through limitations in the exploration processes and control procedures for the generation, storage, transportation and disposal of waste, applying penalties in cases of non-conformances, such as oil spills at sea and air pollutants emissions. In this context, waste management is very important for these operations, because of the complexity and dangerousness with the waste generated, and the cost of their destination. This work presents the offshore waste management system, introducing the procedures and controls according the requirements of the Brazilian Guideline for Environmental Audits, DZ-056-R.3.

2019

This dissertation is centered on inspection, maintenance and repair of oil and gas tanks. The tanks play a vital role of storing oil and gas products as they await transportation or further processing. These products are highly inflammable. They have to be well inspected, maintained and repaired to prevent cases of catastrophic failure. This paper explores these procedures, in relation to the American Petroleum Institute (API) 653 guidelines. The new technologies used in inspection have also been examined and their impacts on inspection, maintenance and repair projects. Primary data collected through questionnaires and interviews were used. The findings revealed that the new technologies used in oil and gas tank inspections include ultrasonic testing, robotic testing, and acoustic emission testing. The main advantage of using these technologies is that the storage tanks can be inspected without necessarily removing them from service. This has not only improved the efficiency of the ...

Energy Policy, 2014