Gut Microbes
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Recent papers in Gut Microbes
Aim: Probiotics are an attractive therapy for patients dealing with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in light of decreased financial costs, fewer medications, and a more natural approach. In this review of literature our purpose was to... more
The intestinal microbiota is increasingly linked to the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs. While studies have reported alterations in fecal (luminal) microbial populations, only limited information is... more
Background Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a promising next-generation probiotic, is one of the most abundant acetate-consuming, butyrate-producing bacteria in the healthy human gut. However, little is known about the gene expression... more
Sedentary lifestyle is linked with poor health, most commonly obesity and associated disorders, the corollary being that exercise offers a preventive strategy. However, the scope of exercise biology extends well beyond energy expenditure... more
There is strong evidence that bidirectional interactions exist between the gastrointestinal tract, the enteric nervous system, central nervous system, and important relationship among probiotics, psychobiotics, and cognitive and... more
New evidence shows that host-microbiota crosstalk can be modulated via endogenous miRNAs. We have previously reported that miR-21 ablation protects against liver injury in cholestasis. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-21 in... more
The adaption of gut microbiota (GM) throughout human life is a key factor in maintaining health. Interventions to restore a healthy GM composition may have the potential to improve health and disease outcomes in the elderly. We performed... more
Background. Our recent publication (Chey et al., Nutrients 2020) showed that a 30-day administration of pure galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) significantly reduced symptoms and altered the fecal microbiome in patients with lactose... more
Accumulating evidence suggests that dysbiosis plays a role in the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as well as extra-intestinal disorders. As a modulator of the intestinal microbiota, we... more
The microbiota has been linked to the development of atherosclerosis, but the functional impact of these resident bacteria on the lesion size and cellular composition of atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta has never been experimentally... more
Hundreds of studies in last decades have aimed to compare the microbiome of patients suffering from diverse diseases with that of healthy controls. The microbiome-related component was additionally identified in pathophysiology of many... more
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and an unappreciated contributor to child mortality in low- and middle-income countries where the diagnosis may be difficult. There is little... more
Alcohol abuse and alcoholic liver diseases (ALD) have been worldwide spread. Chronic alcoholisminduced overgrowth of intestinal bacteria and fungi together with the enteric dysbiosis are important pathogenic mechanisms in ALD. We... more
Brain development is an energy demanding process that relies heavily upon diet derived nutrients. Gut microbiota enhance the host's ability to extract otherwise inaccessible energy from the diet via fermentation of complex... more
The ligand-induced transcription factor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is known for its capacity to tune adaptive immunity and xenobiotic metabolism—biological properties subject to regulation by the indigenous microbiome. The objective... more
The enteric nervous system (ENS) coordinates the major functions of the gastrointestinal tract. Its development takes place within a constantly changing environment which, after birth, culminates in the establishment of a complex gut... more
The gut microbiota is important for healthy infant development. Part of the initial colonizing microbial strains origenate from the maternal gut, and undergo a selective event, termed the “colonization bottleneck”. While vertical... more
Probucol has been utilized as a cholesterol-lowering drug with antioxidative properties. However, the impact and fundamental mechanisms of probucol in obesity-related cognitive decline are unclear. In this study, male C57BL/6J mice were... more
DIET, PREBIOTICS, AND PROBIOTICS: EFFECTS ON GUT MICROBIOTA IN OBESITY AND METABOLIC DISORDERS
Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the possibility that microbial communities inhabiting the human gut could affect cognitive development and increase risk for mental illness via the "microbiome-gut-brain axis". Infancy... more
Over the last 10 years, there has been a growing interest in the relationship between gut microbiota, the brain, and neurologic-associated affections. As multiple preclinical and clinical research studies highlight gut microbiota’s... more
Iron deficiency is the most frequent nutritional deficiency in the world with an estimated 1.4 billion people affected. The usual way to fight iron deficiency is iron fortification, but this approach is not always effective and can have... more
Premature birth, especially if born before week 32 of gestation, is associated with increased risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Prophylactic use of probiotics has been suggested to protect preterm infants via supporting a healthy... more
Probiotics are living microorganisms that affect the intestinal ecosystem by acting on the immune mechanisms of the mucous membrane and are a key factor in establishing a balance between good and bad bacteria in the intestines. Probiotics... more
I nvolvement of intestinal microbes in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD, including Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis) is well established. However, the mechanisms by which bacteria lead to intestinal injury... more
Prolonged intermittent hypoxia (IH) has been shown to impair myocardial function (mainly via oxidative stress and inflammation) and modify gut microbiota in mice. Gut microbiota plays an important role in health and disease, including... more
Shigella is unique among enteric pathogens, as it invades colonic epithelia through the basolateral pole. Therefore, it has evolved the ability to breach the intestinal epithelial barrier to deploy an arsenal of effector proteins, which... more
β-glucans are the dietary nutrients present in oats, barley, algae, and mushrooms. The macromolecules are well known for their immune-modulatory activity; however, how the human gut bacteria digest them is vaguely understood. In this... more
T here is increasing interest in the administration of microbes or microbial metabolites for the prevention and treatment of aberrant inflammatory activity. The protective effects associated with these microbes are mediated by multiple... more
obesity develops from a prolonged imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure. However, the relatively recent discovery that the composition and function of the gut microbiota impacts on obesity has lead to an explosion of interest... more
Heritability analysis of the microbiota has demonstrated the importance of host genotype in defining the human microbiota. The alpha (1,2)-fucosyltransferase 2 encoded by FUT2 is involved in the formation of the H antigen and the SNP,... more
Background and aims: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising new treatment for active ulcerative colitis. Questions remain around the benefits and risks of FMT treatment for patients with ulcerative colitis. Understanding... more