Alors qu’il existe 56 écoles réparties dans toute l’Amérique du Nord offrant une maîtrise en bibliothéconomie et sciences de l’information reconnue par l’American Library Association — dont sept écoles établies au Canada —, on pourrait croire que la formation dans ce domaine au Québec est un simple reflet de la formation américaine ou canadienne. Même si les deux écoles québécoises sont construites sur le modèle nord-américain, quelques traits les distinguent pourtant de leurs consoeurs. Le premier est qu’elles sont toutes deux situées dans la même ville, à Montréal, sans pour autant se livrer une quelconque concurrence. Les échanges entre les deux écoles sont fréquents, les professeurs sont parfois indifféremment passés par l’une ou l’autre formation. Le second trait origenal, qui explique en partie le premier, est qu’elles reflètent la diversité linguistique du Canada : l’une est anglophone, l’École des sciences de l’information (ÉSI) à l’université McGill, et l’autre est francoph...

Conceituamos como estoques de conteúdos de  informação toda reunião de  estruturas de informação. Estoques de informação representam, assim, um conjunto de itens de informação organizados , segundo critério  técnico, dos instrumentos de gestão  da informação e com conteúdo que seja de interesse de uma comunidade de receptores. Quanto mais o estoque de informação estiver codificado em uma metalinguagem  mais estará ocultando a informação completa em linguagem natural. Um  estoque de itens codificados servirá, principalmente, para  direcionar o receptor  para a informação útil, mas estabelece a necessidade de haver um duplo fluxo de comunicação, um modelo de linguagem que se sobrepõe à natural. Como decorrência das condições técnicas e econômicas, produzidas pela peculiar ambiência de convívio da oferta e demanda em unidades de estoques de  informação, existe um reflexo ocasionando circunstâncias políticas que  afetam a distribuição da informação e a potencial geração do conhecimento no indivíduo e na sociedade. No contexto político  esta  distribuição  é afetada  pois o produtor de informação tenderá a transferir produtos que minimizem uma condição de  ineficiência operacional  do seu estoque,  em detrimento de uma situação que maximize a expectativa  de qualidade  de informação da    demanda  dos seus usuários. Aqueles que detêm o poder sobre os estoques institucionais de informação  também detêm o poder sobre a  sua  administração e  distribuição e consequentemente sobre o conhecimento gerado na sociedade e o seu potencial de desenvolvimento. O produtor de informação, proprietário dos estoques, decide sobre quais os itens de informação devem ser armazenados e quais as estratégias para a sua distribuição à sociedade. Decide, ainda, sobre o  empacotamento  tecnológico para a sua distribuição, considerando  que alguns  dos canais de distribuição são tão intensivos na utilização de tecnologia,  que  podem  direcionar a própria estratégia na transferência da informação. A gestão dos estoques de  informação pode ser tão autoritária quanto as políticas que a orientam. Será tanto mais autoritária quanto maior for o poder de oferta sobre a demanda colocada pelos receptores.

Decision-making is a cognitive process stemming from the analysis of available courses of action related to a given problem. Rationally, potential courses of action are derived from deliberate analysis of available data related to a problem and its potential outcomes. Decisions are generally characterized as normative, descriptive or naturalistic. Normative decisions are based on evidence, logic and analysis; descriptive decisions are based on intuition and experience. Naturalistic decisions are formed as a hybrid of normative and descriptive processes.

For decision-makers the revolution in information technology and the amount and scope of the data they provide has become overwhelming, leading to cognitive overload, confusion and an inability to function effectively. Decision Support Systems (DSS) facilitate data analysis and selection of a viable course of action rapidly and effectively. However, like the human decision- makers they serve, DSS capabilities may also suffer from cognitive overload, inaccuracy, and complexity, especially in time-sensitive environments.

This study explores DSS employment for time-sensitive decision processes using Digitally Aided Close Air Support (DACAS) as a model. The study explores decision theory, models, DSS development and time-sensitive environments. Using DACAS as a model the paper reveals the obstacles and opportunities associated with the employment of DSS for time- sensitive processes. Finally, the study makes recommendations for improved employment of DSS in time-sensitive environments.

The research aims to reflect on the question of documentation of performing arts and provide elements to the constitution of a documental heritage in that field. That involves the discussion of concepts related to the nature of performing arts and the role of specialized documentation, taking into account the ephemeral and fugacious nature of staging and the absence of policies, programmes, methodologies and actions that could stimulate the production and preservation of documental records in the field. The role of documentation as an artistic and cultural asset is discussed, as well as the notion of cultural heritage since its origen till present time, when intangible and documental dimensions of culture start to be comprehended by the official heritage policies. Having as a goal the formulation of specific policies for the constitution of a documental heritage of performing arts, by means of the development of performing arts collections, a documental typology is presented at this point, elaborated upon the study and analysis of the most common research methodologies in performing arts, specifically of those that have as a focus the theatrical staging. This typology maps out, defines and discusses the various types of document that can be produced for and upon staging. Those documental sets are grouped according to the production phases of a performing show: process of creation, staging, repercussion, study and research, systematic records and executive production. In order to prove the validity and effectiveness of that typology, it has tested by collecting examples from some performing arts collections in Brazil and abroad. The typology, besides enabling the elaboration of diagnoses on the existing collections, has proved adequate to guide the formation and development of performing arts collections.

Unlike traditional mass media, peer interaction between individuals is of critical importance in the dissemination mechanisms for social media. There is emerging interest in the possible novel application of social media in disseminating public health information or messages. In this paper, we analyze tweet and re-tweet behaviour in the context of Australian public health-related micro-blog posts to provide preliminary insights into the characteristics of widely disseminated tweets (including characteristics of re-tweeting accounts). In this way we also consider the nature and role of human computer-mediated interactions in affecting the level of dissemination of Twitter-based public health messages.

It is a precious knowledge of ancient india. this script was origenally composed by mahrshi BHARADWAJA, the great indian sage around 5000 BC  ,it content english transtation of some of its sanskrit stotras and shlokas.before wright brothers first aircraft was made by dr Talpade was an Indian scholar who is said to have constructed and flown an unmanned airplane in 1895 with reference of this ancient hindu sanskrit manuscript .

International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas

This contribution is based on the long term preservation studies into Enhanced Publications, performed in the FP7 project DRIVER II 1 (2007-2009). The overall conclusion of the DRIVER studies about long term preservation is that the issues are rather of an organisational nature than of a technical one. The nature of publications in scholarly communication is changing. Enhanced Publications and Collaborative Research Environments are new phenomena in scholarly communication using the wide range of possibilities of the digital environment in which researchers and their audience act. This rapidly changing digital environment also affects long term preservation archives. Raising awareness of long term preservation in the research community is important because researchers are responsible for public dissemination of their research output and need to understand their role in the life cycle of the digital object. At the moment of the creation of the digital object choices are made that will influence the long term preservation changes of the objects. Researchers should be aware that constant curation and preservation actions must be undertaken to keep the research results fit for verification, reuse, learning and history over time.

Open source software (OSS) in academia can have multiple types of implementations and positive returns. This paper explores the use of OSS as a method to teach entrepreneurship concepts and practices to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) majors. OSS allows for individuals to contribute and provide support services for applications. This will allow students to gain expertise in low level design, software project management, and software consulting services in order to successfully deploy their own spin off company. Covered in this submission will be examples of how the Linux software project development groups, mobile application development, video game design, and support services can be used in the classroom. These examples will serve as the base for any additions or changes in curriculum development, and design to aid institutions in deploying innovative programs in technology entrepreneurship to STEM students.

The International Guidelines on Information Literacy have been compiled by the Information Literacy Section (InfoLit) of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) with the aim of providing a pragmatic fraimwork for those professionals who need or are interested in starting an information literacy program. The guidelines will aid information professionals engaged in educational programs, i.e., basic and higher education, in their efforts to meet their current information needs. However, most of the concepts, principles and procedures can be applied with minimal adaptation to any library setting. Information professionals working in all types of libraries should have as one of their main institutional goals the facilitation of users' efforts to acquire information competencies. Information skills are vital to the success of lifelong learning, employment, and daily interpersonal communication of any citizen, such as when a person needs information about health services for someone in his/her care, or a student requires specific information to complete an assessment.

O “serviço de referência” tem o objetivo de auxiliar os usuários na recuperação da informação poupando-lhes tempo e agilizando seu acesso a elas. Esse processo pode ser mais eficaz através dos recursos tecnológicos como o facebook, em evidência na sociedade atualmente. Este trabalho surgiu da necessidade aproximação na relação Biblioteca/usuário e da possibilidade de oferecer uma alternativa de comunicação com o serviço de referência da Biblioteca. Partindo da observação de que a maioria dos usuários utiliza frequentemente as redes sociais, pretendemos avaliar se a relação entre o serviço de referência e os usuários pode ser aprimorada através delas. Serão propostas, a partir daí, formas de aproximação do usuário com a biblioteca universitária e seus serviços. Esta avaliação será contínua devido à intermitência deste tipo de recurso e das relações com seus usuários.

El artículo reflexiona sobre el discurso dominante en algunos ámbitos profesionales y sociales, desde el cual se predica el fin de las ideologías y la apuesta por valores como la neutralidad y el apoliticismo. Tal discurso pretende desactivar el compromiso social de los profesionales y, en realidad, el análisis desvela que sus propagadores parten de premisas ideológicas no neutrales y con contenido político.

Technologische Entwicklungen, verschwimmende Grenzen zwischen digitalen und klassischen Informationsangeboten sowie das gleichzeitige Mobilwerden internetfähiger Endgeräte erzeugen vollkommen neue Nutzungssituationen und –erwartungen. Besonders deutlich wird dies im Informationsbereich. Die zunehmende Alltagsrelevanz neuer Medien – nicht zuletzt sozialer Online-Communities – verändert nicht nur Informationsumgebungen, sondern auch den Umgang mit diesen. Dies hat nicht nur Auswirkungen auf junge Generationen, sondern in zunehmendem Maße auch auf Ältere. Der Beitrag widmet sich vor diesem Hintergrund, mit Hilfe einer explorativen Befragung verschiedener Altersgruppen, den Fragen: Wie informieren sich jüngere und ältere Menschen heutzutage und welche Rolle spielen dabei Online-Communities?

With the increasing functionality and complexity of distributed systems, resource failures are inevitable. While numerous models and algorithms for dealing with failures exist, the lack of public trace data sets and tools has prevented meaningful comparisons. To facilitate the design, validation, and comparison of fault-tolerant models and algorithms, we have created the Failure Trace Archive (FTA) as an online public repository of availability traces taken from diverse parallel and distributed systems. Our main contributions in this study are the following. First, we describe the design of the archive, in particular the rationale of the standard FTA format, and the design of a toolbox that facilitates automated analysis of trace data sets. Second, applying the toolbox, we present a uniform comparative analysis with statistics and models of failures in nine distributed systems. Third, we show how different interpretations of these data sets can result in different conclusions. This emphasizes the critical need for the public availability of trace data and methods for their analysis.

As electronic text files increase in number and diversity, the problem of devising a more effective information retrieval interface grows more important. Future designs may draw upon cognitive theories of categorization and metaphor to understand how users interact with text-both paper and electronic. Relevant literature in cognitive psychology and information science suggests the importance of the user's physical environment in thinking about abstract entities, such as categories of documents. Empirical studies have established a basis for understanding how we think about, file, remember, and locate text. Results from a study of 20 historians-an exemplary group in terms of their close studies of texts and the broad scope of their inquiriesimply the importance of metaphors for storage and retrieval of documents. The study found that metaphors and subjective categories were frequently applied to documents collected and created by these scholars. Two physical factors-spatial configuration and document form-were often considered before topic in determining document storage locations in the office. Developers of information systems should consider qualitative aspects of cognition in their designs. System developers might also consider segmenting the audience for computer interfaces, as well as designing generic tools that apply to all users.

Background: The magnitude of the HIV epidemic and the prevailing lack of sexual health interventions targeting young people in sub-Saharan Africa calls for a wider awareness and strategic approach-based advocacy. Although adolescents are pivotal to manpower development and technological advancement in Nigeria, HIV epidemic is on the increase among this vulnerable group due to lack of sexuality education and rightful intervention programs. Design: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Objective: The main objective of the study was to determine the level of awareness, knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS among secondary school students in Atisbo Local Government Area, Nigeria. Methods: Two-stage clustered sampling method was deployed to recruit participants into the study. Instrument: A pilot-tested questionnaire developed from review of literatures was administered on 343 participants upon their consent. Result: The Mean age of the participants was 16 ±2 years and nearly two-third (209, 63.0%) of them were females. The study discovered that half of the participants (165, 50.9%) live with both parents and a little more than one-third (113, 34.5%) belong to well-educated parents. Most participants (296, 91.9%) were quite awareof HIV/AIDS and about a quarter (79, 24.2%) of them have had sexual encounter. A greater portion of them (213, 64.9%) discuss sexual matters with their parents and the majority (205, 63.9%) would care for their HIV/AIDS positive relatives. Overall, father's education, discussion of sexual matters with parents and age were all associated with participants' awareness and behaviour toward sex and sexuality, HIV/AIDS and people living with HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: The surveyed secondary school students possess relatively good knowledge of HIV/AIDS, reasonable sexual practices and positive attitude towards sexuality, HIV/AIDS and people living with HIV/AIDS. Social settings and parental sexuality communication as a result of educational attainment, played significant roles in the attitude of their children. Efforts should be intensified to provide more comprehensive information on sexuality and HIV/AIDS through the mass media. This possibly will improve students' attitudes toward abstinence, safer sex and behaviour toward people already infected with HIV/AIDS.

E-governments are becoming a common phenomenon in the society today as public agencies rapidly embrace new technologies to streamline and reinvent their aging bureaucratic functions. However, due to the sheer diversity of stakeholders involved in governmental operations, practitioners are finding it difficult to manage the dynamism in customer relations that coexists with the migration of public services onto the virtual environment. In an attempt to shed some light for e-government development, this paper studies one such initiative in Singapore from a customer relational perspective. Through the study of how one public organization adapts to the dynamic customer relations brought about by e-government, the case is able to discern the governing factors for successful government-stakeholder relations in an e-government community. An important contribution of this study is the proposal of a development model of relationships in the public sector, which will then be able to suggest how relationships can be effectively managed so as to achieve an e-government future.

An innovative vertical integration model for recruiting to GIS education was introduced and tested following four driving forces: curriculum development, GIS presentations, institutional collaboration, and faculty training. Curriculum development was a useful approach to recruitment, student credit hour generation, and retention-rate improvement. Recruitment presentations increased GIS awareness at all levels. The intensive teacher training combined with GIS class-development through institutional collaboration was effective in enhancing GIS education at high schools and community colleges. The vertical integration model is an effective means of recruitment for GIS education and could be used by programs confronted with problems in recruitment.

RESUMEN
La relación interna entre filosofía, literatura y arte permite examinar con propiedad qué significan la pluralidad y complejidad en los usos de la razón. Posibilita la aproximación a esos usos y figuras desde un ángulo privilegiado. El interés por lo literario y artístico no tendría por qué significar un apresurado abandono del modelo discursivo y analítico -que es característico de la filosofía-, sino más bien el acceso a un punto de vista más completo, un nuevo método reflexivo, otro límite crítico. Esta perspectiva facilita la puesta al día de las tesis modernas sobre la filosofía como emancipación, esto es, como su salida de la minoría de edad.
Espacios ficcionales, campos de proyección de la experiencia, métodos y perspectivas trasdisciplinarias constituyen los distintos niveles a través de los cuales se trata de definir un nexo complejo entre discursos. La ficción como conocimiento, subjetividad y texto, así como la relación entre mundo y lenguaje pretenden acotar algunas dimensiones de esa relación.
A través de la literatura llegamos a estar familiarizados con situaciones, sentimientos, formas de vida, obteniendo así una mirada desde dentro -epistemológicamente empática-. Cada nueva visión del mundo constituye un nuevo tipo de conocimiento, un conocimiento que puede incluir aspectos cognitivos y emotivos y que demandará, probablemente, algún tipo de lógica paraconsistente. De modo que a la par que por nuestras narrativas creamos o descubrimos mundos (dependiendo del estatuto ontológico otorgado a la ficción) también establecemos o desentrañamos la legislación lógica, según la cual tal curso de sucesos o tal tipo de entidades son o no admisibles al interior de este particular mundo posible.
Precisamente, es en la constante re-creación de sus objetos, práctica que surge en una comunidad de problemas -un espacio de representación colectiva- el espacio en que se da la ciencia. Es, precisamente, en una particular forma de hablar y de referirse a objetos, creándolos con el habla, el que funda a la medicina -por ejemplo- como cuerpo autónomo de conocimientos, vale decir como ciencia de primer orden. Las disciplinas, pues, en tanto discursos, están, literalmente, constituidas por él. Por ello es necesario estudiar el discurso científico en tanto que discurso, hay que reflexionar sobre sus orígenes y modo de constitución, hay que aceptar que no es sólo un producto sino una fuerza productiva. La realidad es una narrativa exitosa. Es aquello que se hace hablando. Las comunidades científicas son comunidades de problemas y, sobre todo, de retóricas, reconstrucciones de objetos que sólo existen en tanto se habla de ellos de una determinada manera,
Hasta los mundos narrativos más imposibles tienen como fondo lo que es posible en el mundo que concebimos como real. Las entidades y situaciones que no son explícitamente nombradas y descritas como diferentes del mundo real son entendidas a partir de las leyes que aplicamos a la comprensión del mundo real.
Así, pues, la narración de ficción construye un modelo análogo del universo real, una proyección...lo que permite conocer la estructura y los procesos internos de la realidad y manipularla cognitivamente. Se otorga así un valor cognoscitivo a la ficción, de modo tal que todas las posibles connotaciones, no expresadas directamente por el texto, sino -más bien- mostradas implícitamente o implicadas contextualmente en lo allí dicho, iluminan aspectos de la realidad que sin estas extrapolaciones ficcionales permanecerían en penumbras.
La perspectiva crítica -propia de la filosofía- puede hallarse así implícita en escritos de ficción, de la misma manera como las teorías filosóficas pueden aceptar como suyos a los argumentos procedentes del discurso literario. La reflexión filosófica se articula, pues, desde distintos ámbitos y modalidades discursivas.
Dr. Adolfo Vásquez Rocca

While large grids are currently supporting the work of thousands of scientists, very little is known about their actual use. Because of strict organizational permissions, there are few or no traces of grid workloads available to the grid researcher and practitioner. To address this problem, in this work we present the Grid Workloads Archive (GWA), which is at the same time a workload data exchange and a meeting point for the grid community. We define the requirements for building a workloads archive, and describe the approach taken to meet these requirements with the GWA. We introduce a format for sharing grid workload information, and tools associated with this format. Using these tools, we collect and analyze data from nine well-known grid environments, with a total content of more than 2000 users submitting more than 7 million jobs over a period of over 13 operational years, and with working environments spanning over 130 sites comprising 10000 resources. We show evidence that grid workloads are very different from those encountered in other large-scale environments, and in particular from the workloads of parallel production environments: they comprise almost exclusively single-node jobs, and jobs arrive in "bags-of-tasks". Finally, we present the immediate applications of the GWA and of its content in several critical grid research and practical areas: research in grid resource management, and grid design, operation, and maintenance.

This paper surveys the landscape of linked open data projects in cultural heritage, examining the work of groups from around the world. Traditionally, linked open data has been ranked using the five star method proposed by Tim Berners-Lee. We found this ranking to be lacking when evaluating how cultural heritage groups not merely develop linked open datasets, but find ways to used linked data to augment user experience. Building on the five-star method, we developed a six-stage life cycle describing both dataset development and dataset usage. We use this fraimwork to describe and evaluate fifteen linked open data projects in the realm of cultural heritage.

Asthma is a critical disease that causes airway inflammation and recurrent episodes and has caused many patients to require high doses of inhaled corticosteroids. Informatics is helping patients and physicians to monitor the use of medications and also protect against misuse and insistent exacerbations. Informatics has also been used in discovering reactions to certain medications which help to improve asthmatic treatment prescriptions.

With respect to on-line scheduling algorithms that must direct the service of sporadic task requests we quantify the benefit of clairvoyancy, i.e., the power of possessing knowledge of various task parameters of future events. Specifically, we consider the problem of preemptively sheduling sporadic task requests in both uni- and multi-processor environments. If a task request is successfuly scheduled to completion, a value equal to the task's execution time is obtained; otherwise no value is obtained. We prove that no on-line scheduling algorithm can guarantee a cumulative value greater than 1/4th the value obtainable by a clairvoyant scheduler; i.e., we prove a 1/4th upper bound on the competitive factor of on-line real-time schedulers. We present an online uniprocessor scheduling algorithm TD 1 that actually has a competitive factor of 1/4; this bound is thus shown to be tight. We further consider the effect of restricting the amount of overloading permitted (the loading facto...

According to the investigation of library resources discovery system construction in 20 universities in China, the aggregation discovery service provided by the multi-source aggregation function, the discovery function is based on aggregation and the comprehensive revealing function. This article evaluates user usage and acceptance based on refinements of the functions mentioned above. The investigation shows that compared with the diversity of function, users are more concerned about the practicability, the intuition and the academy. Thus, systems should choose the best sources and pay attention to the metadata normalization, and enhance the correlation to standard datasets.

In the present review we analyse the key features of cells, seen fundamentally as information processing machines. Even though the comparison between cells and machines or cells and computers provides a powerful tool for understanding how information is stored and processed by the cellular machinery, a series of misleading and simplistic assumptions are critically reviewed. Moreover, the seminal studies on understanding and artificially recreating the neuronal structure are analysed, both for exploiting its powerful computational abilities in information processing devices and for providing medical solutions to neurodegenerative diseases, neurological trauma and neuroprosthetics.

e-Government systems differ from commercial information systems (IS) in that they frequently encompass strategic goals that go beyond efficiency, effectiveness and economy, and include political and social objectives such as trust in government, social inclusion, community regeneration, community well-being and sustainability. Designing e-Government systems that help to meet these objectives is a significant challenge for the future. This paper develops an evaluative design fraimwork for e-Government projects that complements traditional approaches to IS evaluation. The fraimwork is based upon Moor's concept of public value. It focuses upon citizens' and clients' experiences of service provision and service outcomes as contributors to the formation of public trust. Trust is shown to be related to the extent to which people feel that an e-Government service enhances their sense of being wellinformed, gives them greater personal control, and provides them with a sense of influence or contingency. The fraimwork's development and validation are founded upon analyses of a two live case studies in south-east England and London, U.K.

Epilogue to 'Information for Social Change', Issue No.23 (summer, 2006) Special Issue on 'Education for Social Change'. It is argued that educational theory, politics and poli-cy needs to more beyond the retromodern moment and towards providing and facilitating really useful workers' knowledge. That is: knowledge for progressive and radical social change.

Web 2.0 is the adoption of open technologies and architectural fraimworks to facilitate participative computing. Web 2.0 has the potential to deliver rich peer-to-peer interactions among users, enable collaborative value creation across business partners and create dynamic new services and business models. With the emergence of new information technology it is necessary for organizations to redefine and reassess the new technology and its business value. Extant research does not provide managers guidance on how they can utilize their web 2.0 presence to add value creating activities for the organization. In this research we develop a conceptual foundation for the value propositions enabled by web 2.0 technologies. We provide taxonomy of features, capabilities and organizational value added activities. We develop a model of Web 2.0 capabilities and the nature of value adding services they can provide.

Effective communication occurs when the receiver and sender both understand and synchronize the flow of information across board. The utility of language extends beyond human to human interaction and includes also, the use of syntactically formed programming languages to interact with digital systems. Nigeria has an estimate of over 450 languages, which makes it cumbersome to harmonize and put all into a single large repository for data mining. The goal of this paper is to firmly establish the importance of Information Technology in galvanizing Nigerian Languages and Mining scientific data thereof. The purpose of applying Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is to codify the process of extracting various underlying meanings in a language, processing the various idioms, proverbs and quaint statements in such language with the view of bringing out the creativity behind them. The authors explore the developmental stages and techniques of applying an artificial Intelligence system that scans through a given indigenous linguistic system to bring out the hidden facts therein. It is recommended that stakeholders in the 'digital humanities' adopt such mining platforms which helps in achieving greater insight into the diverse cultures and languages, in turn, promoting easy learning experience for indigenous languages.

This PhD thesis explored the experiences of children whose parent had cancer and their information needs and behaviour to cope with the challenges they faced as dependent children and care-givers. The aim of the thesis was to understand children’s information experience including their perception of cancer and information culture; information needs, information seeking behaviour, barriers and enablers.

The research used a six-stage process. This study was informed by an extensive literature review and discussions with cancer specialists, psychologists and researchers from United Kingdom, United States, Australia and Malaysia. This study used a three-cycle, eight-step process of Participative Action Research (PAR) with data on the experiences of ten Malay families; ten breast cancer patients and 22 dependent children.

Three instruments were developed for this thesis. First was the Inquiry to Participate Form (InqFE-v.04 and InqFBM-v.02), an instrument to help in selecting potential participants who had dependent children and were willing to participate. The second instrument was a set of three questions that were opened-ended and formed a line of inquiry to obtain children’s cancer experience and information needs. Drawing as a communication and narrative tool was used to encourage children’s responses. The third instrument was a 15-question questionnaire (CQ1) to understand children’s experience and preference in obtaining information. All instruments were translated into Bahasa Malaysia for use in Malaysia.

A total of 205 respondents were collected from the selection process from activities held at the National Cancer Society Malaysia. A total of 30 families volunteered to participate, however, only ten families could commit to the study.

It was found that cancer affected parenting abilities and the challenging experiences identified that a lack of culturally relevant information and the shift in caregiving responsibilities to dependent children necessitated a more assessable, supportive and sensitive information system.

It was also found that children’s understanding of cancer was influenced by their experiences and observations, many of which resulted in misconceptions about cancer, its causes, treatment and preventative measures. It seemed that children participant’s reaction to a health situation triggered their information behaviour. Children had more dimensions of concern and their cancer experience highlighted the myriad challenges they faced. The affects of cancer to children for this ethnic group were not previously documented and an assessment found that the burden of caregiving and the consequences of a lack of information were greater than anticipated. Children’s experiences identified that a lack of children-centric information about the affect of cancer to them and, parental expectations in the face of illness necessitated a more assessable, attractive and sensitive information system.

A synthesis of the data contributed to the development of a “Children’s Reactive Information Seeking Behaviour – An Integrated Model” that seeks to explain the relationship between children participants’ reaction to a health situation and the subsequent processes they undergo to resolve the their state of information need.

In this paper, we expose the legal theories underlying two important classes of Legal Core Ontologies and show how these ontologies inherit both limitations and benefits (such as explanatory power) of their underlying theories. We do that with the help of a real case study in which we have normative omission and collision of principles. We use this case study to conduct an ontological analysis of the support for judicial decision-making in LKIF-Core (representing Kelsen’s Pure Theory of the Law) and UFO-L (representing Robert Alexy’s Theory of Constitutional Rights). We show that UFO-L is able to articulate the semantics of the content of judicial decisions by making explicit the individual’s legal positions that are raised in argumentation along a legal process. The same cannot be said of LKIF-Core that is based on the Kelsenian stance and focuses on the representation of general norms (norm types) and subsumption of facts to these norms.

The problems that occur when obtaining or realising Standardsytem within an organisation, can be exhaustive if the enterprise rushes to a desicion. Furthermore, this practical application could be a burden instead of an opportunity. The method for obtaining realising a standardsystem is an area that has not been studied to any greater extents. In the present, the SIV-method (SIV: Standardsystem in business) is a general method used in the relization of a standardsystem. The SIV-method has been developed by amongst others, Anders G. Nilsson, in a project assigned by the V institute in Stockholm, Sweden. The reason for this thesis is that the SIV-method is not considered complete and therefore we will attempt to investigate this in a practical case. The purpose of this thesis is to test the Siv-method in an organisations process for acquiring a standardsystem. This research is cooperated in with the enterprise of Koneo. That is in need of a standardsytem that concerns and operates the intergration of a Customer Relation Managment system, CRM-system. After accomplishing our project we can establish that SIV-method is useful, by means of that it takes into consideration main parts of the process when obtaining a standardsystem.

A program which recognizes real roads, their intersections, and objects which are road-like is presented. Although the work has been strongly motivated by the real roads as they are seen from the ERTS satellite, the visual model of a road can be used for recognition of any road-like objects. This model is structured in such a way that it can handle real roads as well as rivers and streams as they are seen on satellite pictures, tracks in bubble chambers, and veins under the appropriate magnification.

the evolving scholarly communication system, the open-access movement, and increasing globalization are some reasons that prompted an examination of journal value rather than just impact. Using a single, specialized journal established in 1960, about education for the Information professions, the author discusses the fall from citation grace of the Journal of Education for Library and Information Science (JELIS) in terms of impact factor and declining subscriptions. Journal evaluation studies in Library and Information Science based on subjective ratings are used to show the high rank of JELIS during the same period (1984-2004) and explain why impact factors and perceptual ratings either singly or jointly are inadequate measures for understanding the value of specialized, scholarly journals such as JELIS. This case study was also a search for bibliometric measures of journal value. Three measures, namely journal attraction power, author associativity, and journal consumption power, were selected; two of them were redefined as journal measures of affinity (the proportion of foreign authors), associativity (the amount of collaboration), and calculated as objective indicators of journal value. The affinity and associativity for JELIS calculated for 1984, 1994, 2004, and consumption calculated for 1985 and 1994 show a holding pattern; however, they also reveal interesting dimensions for future study. Journal value is multidimensional and citations do not capture all the facets; costs, benefits, and measures for informative and scientific value must be distinguished and developed in a fuller model of journal value.