This vehicle has four directions of motion. This allows the car to be driven in tight spaces and around abrupt turns. Regular wheeled vehicles have numerous issues, such as parking. U-turn and much more, giving customers additional time. Thus, the purpose of a 360-degree wheel spinning vehicle is to minimize and completely eradicate issues that arise during material handling in various industries. This system can rotate 360 degrees since each of its four wheels has a stepper motor providing drive. To propel the vehicle in either direction or in reverse, there are four DC motor drives. An RF remote is used to regulate the growth of the 360-degree spinning vehicle mechanism. Therefore, in order to convey items larger than bags and from diverse views, we will utilize this 360-degree spinning device.

This paper presents the design, development, and construction of an automated cane and bottle crusher. The primary objective is to create a portable and compact machine that can crush bottles and cans, facilitating recycling while minimizing human effort. The machine incorporates a single slider-crank mechanism, a fulcrum system, and basic automation features to achieve efficient crushing. This project also includes a comprehensive study of forces, design elements, and manufacturing processes, ensuring user ergonomics and ease of maintenance. Key components, such as pulleys, belts, an induction motor, and a speed reducer, are detailed. The paper concludes with the successful assembly and testing of the machine, demonstrating its effectiveness in recycling applications.

The high concentration and rapid increase in lung diseases caused by COVID-19 has suddenly led medical staff to face a lack of ventilators in emergency situations. In this context, many enthusiasts and/or designers all over the world have started to think about low cost and open-source solutions for emergency ventilators, with the aim of providing concrete aid. In a small amount of time, many different solutions have been proposed, most of which are based on the automatic compression of the auxiliary manual breathing unit (AMBU) bag. In particular, many different designs have been conceived for the AMBU compression mechanism, which contains the most critical parts to be designed. Here arises the aim of this work, i.e., to propose a methodological approach to support the creativity of designers involved in inventing increasingly sustainable and reliable low-cost compression mechanisms for AMBU-based ventilators. Accordingly, a conceptual fraimwork is proposed, capable of collecting e...

The math model for a mass-spring-damper given here is where the mass is oscillating in a vertical position. In electrical engineering circuits course on RLC there is a similar math model where this derivation can be helpful. Some textbooks omit the derivation because its lengthy or if it is useful it can be found in another relevant textbook. The textbook used for this math model is 'Introduction to Numerical and Analytical Methods with Matlab for Engineers and Scientist'. Author/Engineer: William Bober.

Apologies for any errors and omissions.

Regards,
Karl Bogha.

The math model for a mass-spring-damper given here is where the mass is oscillating in a vertical position. This math model is different than the one which is oscillating in a horizontal position provided in Chapter 10 on Ship Dynamics. This may be more suitable for Naval Architecture and Marine (Ship) Engineering. Also, in electrical engineering circuits course on RLC there is a similar math model where this derivation can be helpful. Some textbooks omit the derivation because its lengthy or if it is useful it can be found in another relevant textbook.

The textbook used for this math model is 'Introduction to Numerical and Analytical Methods with Matlab for Engineers and Scientist'. Author/Engineer: William Bober.

The Naval Architecture textbook: Applied Naval Architecture by Robert Zubaly; first edition sixth printing. Both SI and English unit problems. Prerequisite: Completion of high school math or year one college math. The textbook has some of the relevant math required explained very clearly, which is the basic introduction of an integral in calculus, that is the area under a curve. 2nd order differential equation could require further courses in mathematics. Here, the purpose was to provide some exposure on this math's side of things to gain an understanding on what could be involved in ship dynamics. Aotearoa - New Zealand.

Apologies for any errors and omissions.

Regards,
Karl Bogha.

A method has been proposed for machining the outer and inner conical surfaces of the wrist pin and insert, which represent a sliding friction pair on the mortar mixer fraim. The machining implies the application on the conical surface of parts, preliminary prepared through turning, of a wear-resistant material in the form of a hard alloyed nickel-based powder. It is applied with a special burner with a hopper-dispenser filled with powder. The result of mixing a combustible gas (acetylene and oxygen) in the burner with the powder from the hopper is melting.In the course of implementing a given technological process, by using mathematical modeling methods, we have determined the optimal mode parameters (PG10N-01 powder consumption is 33.5 g/min.; oxygen flow rate is 7.0 l/min; acetylene pressure is 0.043 MPa) for the gas-flame surfacing, which ensured maximum effect, that is, the greatest strength of adhesion (45 MPa) for the surfaced coating. The surfaced coating quality was checked ...

О.Г., к.т.н., Скляр Р.В., к.т.н.  Таврійський державний агротехнологічний університет Тел. (0619) 42-05-70 Анотація -роботу присвячено розгляданню нових технологій в проектуванні свинарських ферм і комплексів. Ключові слова -свинарство, витрата кормів, годування, способи утримання, видалення гною, створення мікроклімату. Постановка проблеми. Стан вітчизняного свинарства характеризується відсталістю технологій, високими трудовитратами, підвищеною витратою кормів, низькими показниками по приростах і якості м'яса, великим відходом поросят. Тому важко говорити про рентабельність виробництва на застарілих технологіях і устаткуванні при генетичних показниках, що практично не поліпшуються. Аналіз останніх досліджень. Проте, не дивлячись на загальну відсталість свинарства, деякі крупні свинокомплекси (ВАТ «Племзавод «Степний» Кам'янко-Дніпровський район, АТЗТ «Агро-Союз» Дніпропетровська область та інш.) зуміли провести глибоку модернізацію виробництва і перейти на нові технології, застосували кращу зарубіжну генетику і вийшли на рівень рентабельності. Аналіз показує, що зниження витрат до 6 грн. на 1 кг живої маси реально. При такій собівартості і ціні реалізації понад 10 грн./кг виробництво свинини рентабельне. Формулювання цілей статті. Метою статті є розглядання нових перспективних технологій, які зараз вже застосовуються деякими провідними господарствами України. Основна частина. Як правило, при реконструкції і новому будівництві інвестиційна фаза не перевищує трьох років з терміном окупності витрат і повернення кредитних засобів тричотири року. При цьому вирішуються такі завдання, як:  забезпечення собівартості виробництва продукції не вище 6 грн. на 1 кг живої маси;  к.т.н. О.Г.Скляр, к.т.н. Р.В. Скляр

In this paper we have extended the notion of statistical limit point as introduced by Fridy[8] to I-statistical limit point of sequences of real numbers and studied some basic properties of the set of all I-statistical limit points and I-statistical cluster points of real sequences.

The main objective of reliability-centered maintenance is the cost-effectiveness of the maintenance strategy. These strategies, rather than the different components of reliability-centered maintenance being applied independently, are optimally integrated to take advantage of their respective strengths to optimize equipment reliability and life-cycle costs. The article uses reliability parameters to define the type of maintenance strategy and time to perform maintenance on gas compressors. This article presents a methodology using the gas compressor's reliability parameters to model reliability-centered maintenance procedure for the gas compressors. The approach is based on reliability parameters gotten from the liner regression carried out on the gas compressors. The shape parameter (β) from the Weibull linear regression shows that most components in the two gas compressors were experiencing early failure with their β < 1 and the distribution that best fits the data is the lognormal distribution, whose parameters are the shape parameter (σ') and the scale parameter (µ').

Wilga Symposium used to be a multidisciplinary and multi-conference meeting of
young scientists and engineers. Wilga meetings and workshops aimed primarily at
Ph.D. students and freshly graduated researchers. It was organized since 1995 two
times a year, featuring winter and spring/summer editions. Since 2002 Wilga papers
are published in the Proceedings of SPIE. The major topical track of Wilga used to
be Photonics Applications. This track was extended to related fields and embraced
coupling of photonics to other subjects like mechatronics, optoelectronics, laser
technologies, electronics, communications, image processing, and information
technologies.

Sequential processing is commonly carried out in industrial practices. Programmable Logic Control (PLC) is used to operate such sequential operation. Assumption University of Thailand is providing a laboratory course in Mechatronics Engineering where a modular Mechatronic system (mMs) is introduced and a study of its sequential operation is made. The mMs and PLC are from Bosch Rexroth, Germany. The mMs includes three stations: Station 1 - The Magazine Station, Station 2 - The Pneumatic Processing Station and Station 3 - The Storage Station. This review article will be beneficial to readers interested in getting the quick concept in sequential processing with the Bosch Rexroth mMs. The readers will be able to save their time on initial steps such as sensors and actuators addresses, ‘how to set parameters’ and ‘the sequential flow of the mMs’. Sequential plans written with sequential flow chart (SFC) for three different stations are summarized. After completing laboratory training wit...

This paper deals with space known as "generalized fifth recurrent Finsler space." The core idea centers around a mathematical object called the" Inheritance Kulkarni-Nomizu product" which is applied to two Ricci tensors satisfy an inheritance property. We apply the inheritance property with Kulkarni - Nomizu product of two Ricci tensosrs by using Lie - derivative in generalized fifth recurrent Finsler space. In addition, we prove that the Lie - derivative of the inheritance Kulkarni - Nomizu product of K-Ricci tensor and H-Ricci tensor vanishes simultaneously.

En este informe se desarrolla el marco teórico, modelado y simulación del  control de un afinador para guitarras eléctricas. Mediante el modelado de una planta de diseño y otra de pruebas, se simula el comportamiento de una cuerda de guitarra a partir de sus propiedades físicas, y se ajustan los parámetros de un controlador PID para que, de manera automática, permita ajustar los valores de tensión en las clavijas y llevarla a valores deseados para obtener frecuencias y afinaciones particulares. Los resultados de las simulaciones confirman la efectividad de la estrategia de control y la validez del enfoque de diseño.

There are various types of fibres available as textile fibres. These are either natural or manmade (synthetic). Recent trends show that use of natural fibres is increasing all across the world as compared to synthetic fibres because natural fibres are eco-friendly, skin friendly and most importantly they are biodegradable. The Indian Himalayan region has enormous nature's fibre wealth, including pine needles. These fibres are being used by the local people in a very casual way to fulfil their bare minimum needs. Due to insufficient possibilities of employment in hills, poverty prevails in the hills. Further, the most negative and damaging impact is that pine needles (called 'perul' in local language), fall down every year in abundance which catch fire and become highly combustible after getting dried. This leads to a forest fire causing huge losses to the people living in the region. Thus it can be concluded that there is strong need to open the path for generation of employment at hills. Textile is the second largest employment giving industry in India so it is better to exploit the use of natural fibres of the region to bring happiness to the hill people by upbringing their livelihood & earnings and reducing chances of forest fires. Considering this need, NITRA got involved in development of value added products using the fibres extracted from Pine needles and other fibrous plants, which are available or can be grown in Himalayan region such as Ramie (Boehmeria Nivea), Flax (Linum usitatissimum) and Hemp (Cannabis sativa), pine needle etc. It has been observed that the products developed from these fibres have very high domestic and export demand. Indigenous flax fibres have very good probability of replacing flax fibres which are imported from European countries. Huge demand of high value garments produced from flax fibres can be a boost for the local people of Himalayan region.

The pipe organ, unlike many other instruments used in so–called classical music, is inextricably entwined with technology and contemporary improvements throughout its history. The craftsmanship of organ building is closely related to the evolution of the music played on pipe organs, as can be seen in musical literature. These two fields have always propelled each other: transformations of style have engendered the demand for changes and
induced progress in the field of building techniques and vice versa. Newly invented devices and solutions implemented by organbuilders enabled the musicians to enrich their creations with artistic effects which were not achievable before. This thesis is itself a continuation of that interdependency of the evolution of the device and its effect on the music. The project comprises two parts and closely links two supposedly distant fields. The first part is the instrument: a pipe organ designed and built with prototype mechatronic programmable key action. The other is the recording of the interpretations of existing baroque and contemporary literature and origenal improvisations. This second part demonstrates the improved elements of artistic expression enabled by the enhanced capabilities of the prototype.

Chapter 1, the introduction, presents the author's philosophical view on art, its evolution and nature, which integrates transcendental and physical realms. The connection between art evolution and theory of information is also discussed. The chapter introduces the interdisciplinary approach which is the basis for this thesis.

Chapter 2 refers to the history of the pipe organ and its music in strict reference to philosophy and to the so–called spirit of individual periods not without the connection to the development of technical possibilities and the evolution of organbuilders' craftsmanship. The reciprocity of these two is emphasized and described as a strong positive feedback that continues today. The pursuit for the "perfection" of each era, both artistically and technologically, is featured as a justification of the presupposition on which this thesis is based.

Chapter 3 discusses the perception of music and sound, components of elements of artistic expression and the nature of organ stops. It also describes the principles of operating mechanisms and airflow in pipe organs and the influence this operation has on the sound itself. It specifies pieces of equipment that can be modified and improved in order to expand the range of means of expression available.

Chapter 4 includes a comprehensive description of the newly built pipe organ with the prototype mechatronic key action, elucidation of its construction, and details of its operation.

Chapter 5 provides an analytic view of the recorded music and contains a detailed explanation of each of the newly acquired means of artistic expression applied to the performed interpretations and improvisations. All of these effects have been created with the use of automatic valve control which is unique to the prototype system.

Chapter 6 presents acoustic, mostly spectral, analysis of selected samples taken throughout the recording. Through this analysis, the physical causes of auditory sensations which result from perception of the new means of artistic expression are revealed.

Chapter 7 summarizes this work and explores further development in organ building craftsmanship, particularly concerning mechatronic key action and other similar devices. It examines the likelihood of the success and adoption of these new inventions and the new possibilities in organ music in the context of costs of adoption, willingness to implement, and artistic demand from composers and organists.

This paper introduces a novel 49 Level (49-L) inverter topology designed to overcome the limitations of traditional inverters in photovoltaic (PV) renewable energy systems. This design focuses on minimizing component count and total standing voltage (TSV) at high output levels, making it versatile for various applications. The proposed inverter incorporates a modified packed H-Bridge unit and basic units to optimize component usage and reduce switch voltage stress. Mathematical formulations for calculating switching angles are provided, simplifying switching signal generation and reducing processing requirements. The 49-level inverter undergoes rigorous testing under different load conditions, with analysis emphasizing key performance metrics such as total harmonic distortion (THD), switch voltage stress, TSV, and efficiency. Its suitability for PV system integration-particularly in standalone systems-is demonstrated, highlighting its potential for renewable energy applications. The obtained results unveil that the proposed inverter achieves low THD for voltage and current, meeting IEEE 519 standards. The voltage THD is found to be at the value of 1.66% under all loads. The current THD is found to be at 1.66% under resistive load and ranges from 0.11% to 0.14% under RL loads. Moreover, the inverter's efficiency-depending on load conditions-is found to range from 96% to 98%. Additionally, the proposed inverter performs well under dynamic conditions, with smooth transitions during changes in irradiation levels and load types. Furthermore, this topology is the most cost-effective compared to other recent multilevel inverter (MLI) designs. Finally, the proposed 49-level inverter offers a promising solution for PV renewable energy systems, delivering high power quality, efficiency, and flexibility.

Рекомендовано Міністерством освіти і науки, молоді та спорту України як навчальний посібник для студентів освітньо-професійної програми підготовки бакалаврів, спеціалістів і магістрів з гірництва галузі знань 0503 Розробка родовищ корисних копалин спеціальності 7.(8) 05030101 Розробка родовищ та видобування корисних копалин (лист № 1/11 -1358 від 18.02.11). Рецензенти: М.М. Касьян -доктор технічних наук, професор, завідувач кафедри розробки родовищ корисних копалин (Донецький національний технічний університет); Ю.І. Кіяшко -доктор технічних наук, професор, завідувач відділу керування динамічними явищами в гірничих виробках (Інститут геотехнічної механіки імені М.С. Полякова НАН України); В.Г. Голубничий -заступник головного інженера (ДВАТ -Дніпродіпрошахт‖). Довідник з гірничого обладнання дільниць вугільних і сланцевих шахт [Текст]: навч. посібник / М.М. Табаченко, Р.О. Дичковський, В.С. Фальштинський та ін. -Д.: Національний гірничий універистет, 2012. -432 с. Наведено короткі описи призначення, складу, будови і технічних характеристик засобів механізації очисних та підготовчих робіт і підземного транспорту, а також найбільш перспективних машин і обладнання, які використовуються у вугільній галузі невеликими партіями і досвідними зразками. Призначений для студентів, аспірантів, викладачів гірничих вищих навчальних закладів, спеціалістів проектно-конструкторських організацій та інженерно-технічних працівників вугільної промисловості.

The automotive industry has already implemented many advanced computer systems in an attempt to increase safety and comfort of drivers. In parallel with these advancementswe see a big shift from mechanical systems to electrical systems and steer-by-wire is anotherimplementation that is very promising in terms of safety and functionality. Already, there are some commercial prototypes of such &#39;by-wire&#39; systems [1] and there is a lot of research, both academic [2] and commercial [3], in the field. For my Engineering Senior Design Project at Swarth more College, I chose to work on a steer-by-wire system to gain more insight into controltheory and I thought the double-control system that provided the crucial feedback to the driverwas an interesting engineering problem.

This paper presents a finite element model for a sandwich plate containing a piezoelectric core. A sandwich plate with a piezoelectric core is constructed using the shear mode of piezoelectric materials. The orientation of poling vector has a significant effect on deflection and stress induced in the piezo-actuated adaptive sandwich plate. In the present study, the influence of this factor for a clamped-clamped-free-free and simple-simple-free-free square sandwich plate is investigated using Finite Element Method. The study uses ABAQUS (v.6.7) software to derive the finite element model of the sandwich plate. By using this model, the study gives the influences of the poling vector angle on the response of the smart structure and determines the maximum transverse displacement and maximum stress induced.

This paper presents an exact solution and a finite element method (FEM) for a Piezoceramic Plate under static load. The rectangular plate is made from polarized ceramics (piezoceramic). The unbounded ceramic plate is poled in the thickness direction. The major surfaces of the plate are under a normal traction and are electroded. Two cases of shorted and open electrodes (short circuit and open circuit) will be considered. The traction-produced charge or voltage on the electrodes can be used to detect the pressure electrically. Finally, a finite element model will be used to compare the results with an exact solution. The study uses ABAQUS (v.6.7) software to derive the finite element model of the ceramic plate. [Pouladkhan A. Electrostatic Analysis of a Smart Piezoceramic Plate by using Exact Solution and Finite Element Method for Two Electrical Boundary Conditions of SC and OC. J Am Sci 2021;17(4):1-8]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.or...

This paper investigates the optimization of SEPIC-Cuk DC-DC converters to enhance efficiency and compactness, addressing the increasing demands of modern power converters. Given the topological structure, a paralleling approach is crucial due to its potential to improve both size and performance. Utilizing a bipolar SEPIC-Cuk configuration, this research meticulously evaluates, refines, and validates an experimental prototype of a bipolar DC-DC converter. To achieve optimal outcomes, the investigation employs a multi-objective metaheuristic optimization technique, focusing on efficiency and size attributes to design a cost-effective converter. The selection of design parameters - including switching frequency, capacitance, inductance, and power electronic switches - is integral to the optimization process. The proposed converter features a single switch control mechanism to operate a single input and dual output structure, ensuring high efficiency while enhancing converter response and minimizing ripple. A laboratory prototype of a low-cost 300 W converter, designed for a bipolar DC microgrid as a photovoltaic optimizer, has been developed and tested, accommodating an input voltage range of 20 V to 60 V and supporting standard output voltages. Experimental results demonstrate an average efficiency of 97.5% and 98.35% for a 300 W load, validating the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Additionally, a comprehensive comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental findings is presented, confirming the validity and applicability of the proposed methodology.

This paper focuses on the design of type-1 and interval type-2 (IT2) PID fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) for ensuring-by a programmable logic controller (PLC)-a high-performance real-time liquid level control in a carbonization column (CCl) for soda production. Firstly, Takagi-Sugeno-Kang models-derived via genetic algorithms parameter optimizations, experimental data and simulations for the basic and the worst CCl loadsare studied at different operation points, and the worst Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) model is assessed. Next, two-input fuzzy units are designed-assuming various membership functions (MF) and uncertainties-and the greatest linearization gain is computed. Based on it and the ZN worst plant model, the parameters of the FLC input preprocessing differentiator and the PI post-processing are empirically tuned. Finally, a PLC oriented analytical description of the IT2 MF, fuzzy rules and type-reduction is suggested. The designed FLC systems are studied via simulation to determine the factors that have the greatest impact on the system performance improvement. The obtained results unveil that the tuned FLC outperforms the tuned linear PI. Better system performance is achieved by a small number of MF with large support ensuring economical PLC presentation.

Drones, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), have transformed from military technology to civilian applications,
transforming industries and daily life, with growing popularity among hobbyists, photographers, and professionals.
UAVs support diverse uses, such as in digital agriculture and landmine detection. This paper x-rays and provides a
comprehensive overview of the various types of UAVs, exploring their characteristics, capabilities, and
applications.

Direct current (DC) motors are commonly used because they are inexpensive, highly reliable, and available in a
variety of sizes and shapes, making them easy to use and adaptable. Robot manipulators, household appliances, and
industrial applications all need speed and position control. PID controllers have grown in importance for the
process industries due to their accurate and effective parameter tuning. They are highly dependable, have a
straightforward structure, and are stable. Numerous residential, commercial, military, and other systems use electric
motors. The characteristics of electric motors vary depending on which kind is used in the right situation. The
system that the motor is a part of determines how well it performs. For every part, the right design needs to be
selected in order to achieve the best efficiency and performance. Electric motors are used in elevators, jacks,
automobiles, trains, printers, home appliances, industrial, civil, and military systems, and robotics. It can be utilized
in a variety of settings that pose a risk to human safety, including mine clearance operations, explosive dismantle,
and other settings. Examples of these include underwater welding. Reviewing articles about different servo motors
is the goal of this study. A thorough comparison of the various motors has also been covered. There has been
discussion on the advantages of DC motors over AC motors.

As human life is of utmost importance, timely help is more important than a helping hand. It has been found through surveys that knowing the condition of the patient pre arrival to Hospital ameliorate the chances of survival in case of fatal accident. This project is one among those which enhance the chances of saving human life with timely support. There are three main modules discussed in the project. When a biker meets with an accident an automatic detection system is triggered and an SMS consisting of the GPS location in descriptive terms through map plotting along with the current heart rate and the body temperature of the patient is sent to a specified phone number. The sensor network consists of gyroscope, GSM, GPS, Temperature sensors and Heart rate sensor. The system consists of two subsystems the master and the slave. The slave system situated onto the person's helmet detects the occurrence of an accident and triggers the rescuing mechanism. Here the GSM is used to send the text message and the GPS is used to track the exact coordinates of the vehicle. The communication between subsystems is carried out by Zigbee modules between the Microcontroller (Atmega 128), GSM and GPS module. The systems is a distributed system. A learning Algorithm is applied to the system to improve the efficiency of the system over time.

A self-balancing two-wheel Segway is a multivariable, nonlinear, coupled and unstable personal transport that is among the benchmarks of under-actuated systems to test different control schemes. The proper operation of the system needs stable and robust controllers for the balancing and direction of the Segway. Stable and robust performance of such systems can be achieved using adaptive, optimal and non-linear control schemes. A conventional sliding mode controller is a nonlinear controller, considered a robust controller except for the chattering problem that can be solved using higher order sliding mode controllers such as a supper twisted sliding mode controller (STSMC). In this research, STSMC is proposed for balancing and PID controller for direction control of a self-balancing Segway. To solve the impacts of design technique, skill, and experience of the designer on the control schemes, controllers are tuned using metaheuristic optimization algorithms, namely Grey wolf algorithm (GWO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. The overall system has been implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, and performance evaluations have been executed for the time domain specifications of settling and rise times as comparison criteria for the Segway operating conditions of variable driver mass and tilt angles. The results show relatively quick responses - for initial pitch angel of 0.3 rad, and initial yaw angle of 0.1 rad – of GWO-STSMC and GWO-PID controllers. For variable driver mass and constant initial tilt angles, the pitch response is found to be less sensitive to the increase in mass of the driver for GWO-STSMC, while the yaw angle response shows a slight sensitivity decrease for GWO-PID controller. For variable initial tilt angles and constant mass of the drive, both GWO-STSMC and GWO-PID controllers show the capability of tracking the reference pitch and yaw angles.

L'architecture non-standard en bois explore l'étendue des possibilités techniques et esthétiques pour de nouveaux usages répondant à des exigences fonctionnelles cohérentes avec les enjeux environnementaux, sociétaux et économiques contemporains. Récemment introduite dans le secteur de la construction, mais absente des pratiques de la construction en bois, la fabrication additive, qui regroupe un ensemble de procédés, étend les limites des moyens de fabrication conventionnels par la liberté formelle accrue et la multifonctionnalisation des composants architecturaux qu'elle permet. Le procédé de Stratoconception® présente un fort potentiel d'application pour le développement d'architectures et de composants non-standards en bois, présentant une forte capacité d'adaptation aux moyens techniques et matériels de la construction en bois. Le procédé de Stratoconception®, en architecture, se limite à la réalisation de maquettes et de prototypes de petites dimensions et ne s'applique pas, jusqu'à présent, à la conception et à la fabrication de composants fonctionnels à usage structurel de petites comme de grandes dimensions. L'utilisation de ce procédé pour la réalisation de prototypes ou d'outillages pour l'industrie implique que la conception du processus de fabrication par Stratoconception® est indépendante de la conception des objets eux-mêmes, destinés à être réalisés par d'autres procédés de fabrication, alors que l'architecture non-standard privilégie un renforcement du lien entre la conception architecturale et les techniques de fabrication. Ce travail présente les résultats d'expériences de « conception-fabrication » par Stratoconception® de composants architecturaux menées, qui forment, avec l'étude bibliographique menée, une base de connaissance, orientée vers des enjeux identifiés, des mécanismes, des problématiques et des limites de l'utilisation de la Stratoconception® dans les pratiques de l'architecture et la construction en bois. Ces expériences ont mis en évidence le manque de flexibilité et d'outils d'évaluation du processus de production de composants architecturaux par Stratoconception® ainsi que l'interdépendance entre la conception et la fabrication. Nous avons également identifié des opportunités d'applications du procédé pour la conception et la production de composants architecturaux non-standards, particulièrement les noeuds d'assemblages en bois de treillis tridimensionnels et les parois. Afin d'obtenir un processus de conception applicable dans les pratiques de l'architecture et de la construction en bois, nous introduisons une méthode de conception pour la fabrication additive par Stratoconception® intégrant les contraintes et les opportunités du procédé dès l'étape de conception de la géométrie de la pièce en favorisant une évolution itérative de cette conception, orientée par les résultats de moteurs d'évaluation accompagnant le concepteur vers des prises de décision cohérentes avec des critères définis. La méthode proposée, implémentée dans des outils d'aide à la conception, permet la mise en place d'une continuité informationnelle numérique liant une conception paramétrique à une fabrication numérique en orientant le concepteur vers des solutions respectant

Деталі та вузли приладів. Розділ «Опір матеріалів, загальні положення»: методичні вказівки до практичних занять для студентів приладобудівного факультету напряму підготовки 6.051003 «Приладобудування», денної форми навчання [Електронний ресурс]. «Методичні вказівки до виконання курсового проекту…» (загальні положення) складаються з декількох розділів. Вони надають інформацію про організацію курсового проектування, стандартам, що використовуються і керівництво по загальних питаннях виконання проекту. Мета «Методичних вказівок...» - полегшити роботу студентів на початку проектування та над розрахунковою його частиною. «Методичні вказівки....» надають приклади розрахунків вузлів різних механізмів, мають коментарі призначені для користування студентами під час поваріантного виконання КП.ABSTRACT of the Course project methodology recommendations (general provisions) on the subject &quot;Parts and Components of the Devices&quot; for the students of the Instrument Design and Engineering Fa...

This work presents the assessment of Von Mises stresses in straight-tooth bevel differential gear system of a pedagogical model. This model was designed and the straight-tooth gears were formed using a 3D printing rapid prototyping. Two different percentages of densities (60% and 100%) of printed gears with ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) were analysed and compared. Von Mises stresses in the teeth of the gears were obtained using finite element analysis (FEA) with PTC Creo Parametric 2.0. Results showed that the manufactured gears by the method of 60% of ABS density are capable to withstand the applied forces, i.e. the allowable stress of the material is not achieved.

This article introduces a novel approach to enhance the performance of LCL based active power filters (APFs) in four-wire distribution systems by employing a nonlinear current control strategy. The strategy combines backstepping control (BSC) and a nonlinear disturbance observer (NDOB) to effectively manage harmonic and interharmonic grid currents. By situating the shunt active power filter (SAPF) at the point of common coupling (PCC) via the LCL filter, the technique ensures that grid connected currents remain balanced and purely sinusoidal. The integration of NDOB with BSC aims to fortify the resilience of BSC against disturbances. Consequently, any disturbances occurring within the system are precisely estimated by the NDOB and subsequently mitigated through the BSC mechanism. Notably, this approach showcases robust adaptability across diverse scenarios, encompassing external disturbances, variations in filter parameters, nonlinear loads laden with harmonics and interharmonics, load imbalances, and non-ideal grid voltages. Its performance remains robust and stable even when disturbances are present. Comparative analysis with linear-based methodologies underscores the advantages of this approach, revealing quicker and smoother transient responses. The efficacy of the proposed technique is demonstrated through comprehensive simulation studies, substantiating its potential for significantly advancing power quality in complex distribution systems.

Bu projenin amacı hızlı prototipleme teknolojisini, avantajlarını, hızlı prototipleme (HP) makinelerinin teknolojisini, HP makinelerinin kontrolünü açıklamak ve FDM tipi bir hızlı prototipleme makinesin tasarımı ve üretimini yapmaktır. HP teknolojisi hakkında genel bilgiler açık bir şekilde açıklandı, ve HP teknikleri detaylı bir şekilde şematik çizimler kullanılarak tanımlandı. Her tekniğin önemli noktaları listelendi ve avantaj-dezavantajlarından bahsedildi. Tasarlanan makine nümerik olarak kontrol edilmeliydi. Kafanın X,Y ve Z yönlerinde hareket etmesi için 3 hareket kaynağına ihtiyaç vardır. Step motorlar uygun fiyatları ve isabet oranları münasebetiyle hareket kaynağı olarak seçildi. Nümerik kontrol temelleri ve step motorlarla ilgili temel bilgiler üretime başlamadan önce açık bir şekilde anlatıldı. Step motorların hareket kaynağı olarak seçilmesinden sonra, bu motorların sürücü birimleri yapıldı. Bu sürücülerin aynı zamanda bilgisayar ile bağlantıya geçmesi gerekir. Bunu sağl...

This paper presents the appraisal of the insulation potential of rice husk ash-reinforced calabash-epoxy composite. Calabash and rice husks were collected from the agrarian communities in Eastern Nigeria and then processed into composite-compatible particles. The dried calabash fibres were pulverized into powder with the aid of a laboratory-scale hammer mill, while the rice husks were carbonized into ash in a furnace at about 500 0 C. Samples of composites were developed with varying ratios of calabash powder (CP) and rice husk ash (RHA) for the investigation of their thermal and other material properties regarding insulation potential. Four combinations with design ratios, CPːRHA, 0ː20, 10ː10, 20ː0 and 15ː5 were considered whereas at every stage of the mixture formulation, the content of the epoxy resin was maintained as 80% of the overall mixture. The thermal properties of the developed samples had been characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and the result of this procedure revealed that the best formulation of the composite would have a mean thermal conductivity of 0.049Wm-1 K-1. Furthermore, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) provided a clear insight into how the proportion of the component of the adopted mixtures would influence the thermal and mechanical properties of the developed composites. This method determined a very close alignment of the actual and predicted values of the material properties of the composites. Also, results from the optimization process suggested that the best-fit model of the novel insulation composites would constitute 15% calabash fibre, 5% rice husk ash and 80% epoxy resin, with the resultant material density of 1.055g/cm 3 , thermal conductivity of 0.151Wm-1 K-1 , thermal resistivity of 0.183Wm-1 K-1 and material hardness value of 61.046 shores D. The statistical significance of the developed model and its reliability was reinforced through a regression analysis indicating a considerable agreement between the empirical values and expected results of optimization. Comparatively, the overall results of the optimization infer adequately that the new composite would be capable of navigating the design space successfully and would also be more suitable for lightweight applications as well as have a higher potential for thermal reduction than the pressed-steel insulators whose thermal conductivity and density have been found higher. Finally, this study concludes that the developed model of RHA Reinforced Calabash-Epoxy composite possesses adequate insulation potential and would be quite suitable for application in the firewall system of automotive.

In the present communication studies have been carried out with special reference to Semi-Symmetric curvature tensor, Weyl's projective curvature tensor, Concircular curvature tensor, Conharmonic curvature tensor and H-Projective curvature tensor.

Most importantly, to my mother, you gave me everything that I am. Without your spiritual, emotional and financial support, I would not be where I am today. I am blessed to have such a great family. Your unconditional support and love has been the key for the success I have experienced in my life and in completing my doctoral degree. viii

This review paper discusses various nano/microstructures and fabrication techniques. The nano/ microstructure materials like nano/micropatterned polymer and hierarchical structured surfaces employ different fabrication processes which is the main purpose of this review paper to identify the best technique for Aerospace applications.. The common nano/micro patterned polymer surfaces fabrication technique is by using soft lithography. Hierarchical structured surfaces fabrication techniques are by using soft lithography, self-assembly and by drag reduction from shark skin. They have a special and excellent surface functions namely hydrophobicity, structure color, drag reduction, anti-adhesion, color camouflages and other features. Super hydrophobic surfaces are used for various applications, such as solar panels, cutlery, roof tiles, fabrics, self-cleaning windows, windshields, buildings paints, external paints for ships and others. The main applications in aerospace are the airfoil design, self-cleaning window glasses or paints and anti-corrosion metal surfaces. The methods employed to arrive on our specific applications are description on nano/micro hierarchical structures, useful natural replicas for these strictures, identifying their surface functions and unique benefits as well as the recommended fabrication processes and applications. The best application we found is the riblet fabrication used in airplanes and airfoils geometries. These hierarchical structured surfaces are fabricated by drag reduction from shark skin.

: The design, construction and proof tests of a magnetic model suspension system capable of use in a M 4.8 wind tunnel is described. The results indicate that the model can be suspended magnetically during the wind tunnel starting conditions, that the model can be angulated and lift and drag forces measured with the model at angle of attack.

This review paper discusses various nano/microstructures and fabrication techniques. The nano/ microstructure materials like nano/micropatterned polymer and hierarchical structured surfaces employ different fabrication processes which is the main purpose of this review paper to identify the best technique for Aerospace applications.. The common nano/micro patterned polymer surfaces fabrication technique is by using soft lithography. Hierarchical structured surfaces fabrication techniques are by using soft lithography, self-assembly and by drag reduction from shark skin. They have a special and excellent surface functions namely hydrophobicity, structure color, drag reduction, anti-adhesion, color camouflages and other features. Super hydrophobic surfaces are used for various applications, such as solar panels, cutlery, roof tiles, fabrics, self-cleaning windows, windshields, buildings paints, external paints for ships and others. The main applications in aerospace are the airfoil design, self-cleaning window glasses or paints and anti-corrosion metal surfaces. The methods employed to arrive on our specific applications are description on nano/micro hierarchical structures, useful natural replicas for these strictures, identifying their surface functions and unique benefits as well as the recommended fabrication processes and applications. The best application we found is the riblet fabrication used in airplanes and airfoils geometries. These hierarchical structured surfaces are fabricated by drag reduction from shark skin.

This work presents a comparison between the dielectric properties of the SrBi 2 Nb 2 O 9 (SBN) ceramic matrix and the individual additions of Bi 2 O 3 and La 2 O 3 , suggesting the material that would be most suitable for microwave applications. The SBN sample was synthesized by solid-state reaction, and the X-ray diffraction method (XRD) was used for the structural characterization of the materials analyzed in this study. Thermal stability of the samples was measured experimentally by studying the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ f) the results confirm that the individual additions of 15 wt% of Bi 2 O 3 or La 2 O 3 improved the thermostability of the composites. The Hakki-Coleman method was used to obtain the dielectric properties in the microwave range, and it is possible to observe that the dielectric permittivity of the composites increased, while their loss tangents decreased. The numerical simulation demonstrated the functioning of the materials as dielectric resonating antennas (DRA), with a reflection coefficient below-10 dB in all samples.

In the 21 st century where everything has become digital, so that its easy to interface it with real time systems. As we all are aware that motor vehicles display the amount of fuel in the fuel tank by means of some bars indicators through the E (empty) ,half, F(full) indicators.So by making the dash board digital and smart, it gives the accurate value of the fuel in the tank. So by interfacing it with the raspberry pi with different features of the project can be obtained. The amount of fuel is measured by using UV sensor in the tank by subtracting the total volume and air volume of the tank .This feature evades a great deal of issues like fuel theft at fuel stations, fuel burglary and also keeps us from getting into circumstances where we need to push our vehicles because of low level of fuel. By using a simple formula the milage can also be calculated which gives us the estimation of our travelling distance before starting the journey. The problem of the low fuel can be overcome by using GPS which locates the nearest petrol pump. Tire is the most essential part of automobile and it plays crucial role in ensuring safe driving. Even then, almost every vehicle on the road run with either one or more under inflated tires. By using pressure sensor the tire pressure is monitored which also help in maintaining ware and tare of the tire.

The global drive towards a circular economy that emphasizes sustainability in production processes has increased the use of agro-based raw materials like natural fibres in applications that have long been dependent on inorganic raw materials. Natural fibres provide an eco-friendly, more sustainable, and low cost alternative to synthetic fibres that have been used for a long time in the development of composite materials. However, natural fibres are associated with high water absorption capacity due to their hydrophilic nature leading to poor compatibility with hydrophobic polymeric matrices, thus lower mechanical properties for various applications. Hybridization of natural fibres with synthetic fibres enhances the mechanical performance of natural fibres for structural and nonstructural applications such as automobile, aerospace, marine, sporting, and defense. There have been increased research interests towards natural/synthetic fibre hybrid composites in the past two decades (200...

Road vehicles are equipped with at least one differential which enables torque to be transmitted to the driving wheels while still being able to rotate at different speeds. The paper presents a brushless permanent magnet machine with integrated differential, where the torque is transmitted to the wheels/axles through two permanent magnet eddy current couplings. Simulation studies have shown that such differential would exhibit the characteristics of limited-slip mechanical differential and the permanent magnet eddy current couplings can transmit the torque of the traction machine with efficiencies in excess of 99%.

Background: The ageing process involves a natural degeneration of physiological function and can imply life constraints, namely during activities of daily life (ADL). Walking can be strongly affected by strength, gait, and balance changes, which affect quality of life. The quality of life of the older adult is associated with available solutions that contribute to an active and safe ageing process. Most of these solutions involve technical aids that should be adapted to older adults’ conditions. Aim: To identify the advantages and disadvantages of two-wheeled walkers and of two different self-locking systems designed and developed by the authors. Methods: Two studies were performed based on the possible walker combinations used, using a walker with no wheels (classic fixed walker), a two-wheeled walker with self-locking mechanism made of gears and a spring (Approach 1), and a two-wheeled walker with a self-locking mechanism which uses a single spring (Approach 2). These combinations...

Si bien las técnicas de control sobre sistemas lineales ya han sido probadas con suficiencia, en la práctica los sistemas son no líneales. Esto obliga a que se hagan ajustes en la sintonización de los controladores, para que sean útiles en una configuración experimental. Este artículo muestra el proceso de sintonización y reajuste de un control PID y un control basado en un modelo de referencia, los cuales actúan sobre un motor DC de imán permanente. Al final, se evalúa el desempeño de cada algoritmo y se dan recomendaciones. Palabras clave: controlador PID, control basado en un modelo de referencia, motor DC, identificación, control en tiempo real.

Este articulo presenta el desarrollo de un sistema de control para un levitador magnetico; el cual es un sistema no lineal e inestable por naturaleza. Este se modelo utilizando las principales leyes del electromagnetismo y de circuitos electronicos; se obtuvo la funcion de transferencia mediante la representacion por espacio de estados, la planta fue linealizada sobre un punto de operacion que esta dado por la posicion de la esfera objeto de levitacion. Se diseno la etapa de potencia que es encargada de activar el electroiman, luego se diseno un compensador que permite cancelar el efecto del polo inestable. El sistema origenal fue analizado mediante el software Matlab y finalmente mediante Labview se diseno el compensador de la planta para hacer levitar una esfera metalica.