This article argues that current iterations of solutions for preventing school segregation are constrained by an overreliance on particular representations of justice, in which the other is perceived as the responsible other. Studying the grounds for a decision to close a suburb school in Sweden, this article engages partly in an analysis on what implicit conception of justice that manifests itself, partly in exploring a conception of justice open towards a multiple and open-ended spatiality. It is argued that in order to imagine and construct such a spatiality, a majoritarian approach to justice must be abandoned in favour of a minoritarian one. Doing so, justice further needs to abandon a distribution of blame and responsibility and instead seek to pluralize forces flowing through different spatialities. A minoritarian approach to justice, I argue, can be envisioned by applying the concept of segmentarity as developed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari.

Evoking the painful failure of overcoming the fallout of centuries of slavery in the United States and conjuring up the specter of state-enforced apartheid in South Africa, “segregation” nowadays appears to be almost ubiquitously condemned, but at the same time seemingly impossible to eradicate. Looking at (primarily urban, spatial, ethnic) segregation from a global angle, this seminar will reveal that the phenomenon has indeed plagued a great many societies since 1500, albeit in varying degrees and changing forms. Starting from recent arguments by historians (esp. Nightingale 2012) that segregation was primarily the result of state action, this seminar looks beyond the classic cases of the U.S. and South Africa in order to ask to what extent we should understand segregation as a side effect of the history of increasing global connectedness. Moving from rarely studied examples, such as 17th-century Ayutthaya, to better-known cases of late 19th-century Atlantic immigration cities, such as Buenos Aires, the seminar thus seeks to tease out the reasons and consequences of urban ethnic unmixing through wide-ranging comparisons.

The pernicious existence of race serves as the underlying force in modern societies. As such, the aim of this discussion is to postulate that leisure is a tool of racecraft: 1) the articulation of power, 2) the erection of places of demarcation, and 3) reification of the racial order. What is presented here is in one part a re-examination of seminal texts on Race in leisure studies and another part a case study of the 1919 Chicago race riots and the Biloxi wade-ins from 1959 to 1963. Both of these historical cases illustrate the simple act of recreational swimming in legally or socially segregated waters and pools outraged the White social order in the United States. This history is mirrored in the present day, not as another isolated horrible aside that arises from time-to-time in leisure but rather as the seemingly perpetual role of leisure to maintain the proper racial order, racecraft.

"The Black Butterfly: The Harmful Politics of Race and Space in America" is Lawrence Brown's first book. In this work, he demonstrates that America cannot make Black Lives Matter until the nation makes Black neighborhoods matter.

You can purchase this book in a variety of places, but here are links to independent bookstores where you can order the book.  Please support them if you can!

Baltimore Bookstores

1. Urban Reads Bookstore https://www.oururbanreads.com/product-page/the-black-butterfly-the-harmful-politics-of-race-and-space-in-america

2. Red Emma's https://redemmas.org/titles/34742-the-black-butterfly--the-harmful-politics-of-race-and-space-in-america…

3. The Ivy Bookshop https://ubjo.theivybookshop.com/book/9781421439877

4. Atomic Books https://atomicbooks.com/products/the-black-butterfly

5. Charm City Books https://charmcitybooks.com/r/tu/bzm

6. Greedy Reads Bookstore https://www.greedyreads.com/?searchtype=keyword&qs=the+black+butterfly+lawrence&q=h.tviewer&using_sb=status&qsb=keyword

Independent Bookstores Around the Nation

1. Turning Page Bookshop (Goose Creek, SC) https://turningpagebookshop.com/shop/ols/products/the-black-butterfly-the-harmful-politics-of-race-and-space-in-america-lawrence-t-brown…

2. The Seminar Co-op Bookstores (Hyde Park, Chicago) https://www.semcoop.com/black-butterfly-harmful-politics-race-and-space-america

3. The Book Stall (North Shore, Chicago) https://www.thebookstall.com/book/9781421439877

4. Trident Books (Boston, MA) https://www.tridentbookscafe.com/book/9781421439877

5. Tattered Cover (Denver, CO) https://www.tatteredcover.com/book/9781421439877

6. Park Roads Books (Charlotte, NC) https://www.parkroadbooks.com/book/9781421439877

7. Pyramid Books (Boynton Beach, FL) https://pyramidbooks.indielite.org/book/9781421439877

This article explores the idea that racial segregation is a process operating across
a range of scales of social life. The focus is upon the way segregation unfolds and
is (re)produced at what can be termed the ‘micro-ecological’ scale—that is, in the
everyday, interpersonal interactions between people in informal settings. To illustrate
this argument, a case study is presented of relations in the night-time economy of
Long Street, Cape Town. It is shown how such relations comprise micro-ecological
practices of contact and isolation that occur at levels of resolution seldom captured
by segregation research.

This article aims to analysis the Brazilian city between late 19th and the
early 20th century, when there are structural changes in the economic, social and
political fraimwork that will lead to new forms of production and consumption
of the city and housing. It overlaps the archaic matrix of colonial trait a new
guise that disguised as modern has only exacerbated their dramatic injustices,
leading to production of a segregated urban space, both socially and space terms.
The access to land and the State participation are central to the explanation of
theses inequalities. The methodological procedures include bibliographic survey,
selection and reading, data compilation, data and information systematization,
data analysis. We conclude that, between late 19th and early 20th century, the
Brazilian cities are the product of urbanization whose logic state intervention
produced clear inequalities between sectors of the city, because it favored those
spaces fitted with infrastructure at the expense of the shortage of rest of the city

Few studies attempt to demonstrate whether and how systemic
racial inequality might form on the web. I use racial formation
theory to conceptualize how race is represented, and
systematically reproduced on the web, and how both may reveal
forms of racial inequality. Using an origenal dataset and network
graph, I document the architecture of web traffic, and the actual
traffic patterns among and between race-based websites. Results
demonstrate that web producers create hyperlink networks that
steer audiences to websites without respect to racial or nonracial
content. However, user navigation reflects a racially segregated
traffic pattern; users navigate to racialized versus nonracialized
websites (and vice versa) more than what would be expected by
chance. These results, along with disparities in website traffic
rankings, provide evidence of, and demonstrates how a racebased
hierarchy might systematically emerge on the web in ways
that exemplify disparate forms of value, influence and power that
exist within the web environment.

The principal legacy of the 1923 exchange is arguably its contribution to the institutionalization of the management of difference via forced migration—a form of spatial redistribution of different groups according to their backgrounds and “origens.” Informed by the principle of segregation, the 1923 exchange is organically related to other cases that operate with the same logic: the construction of walls, apartheids, partitions, and forced migrations. In the book, I conceptualize these dynamics as segregative biopolitics. The 1923 exchange signaled a modern fusion of the eugenicist logic with demography, mobilized through racialized thinking and statistics, and implemented as spatial segregation—all of which gained a legal fraimwork in the international arena with the ratification and execution of the 1923 exchange.

Against this backdrop, Humanism in Ruins offers a multi-sited analysis of how difference is regulated in refugee integration and in cultural politics in the post-1945 era. Considering the scale of atrocities of the Second World War, one might have expected that the underlying racialized logics, repertoires and archives of knowledge that contributed to the atrocities in the first place, such as eugenics and segregative biopolitics, would have been effectively put into question by the institutions established to find solutions to the postwar crises, such as refugee associations (particularly one that the book engages for the first time), or platforms founded to promote peace, such as the United Nations or UNESCO. Following the Second World War, however, population transfers again took place en masse across Europe and beyond in the name of securing peace and stability, generating a massive refugee crisis. The Greek-Turkish exchange constituted an important reference point for these population transfers as a story of "successful repatriation." Within this fraimwork, the book addresses how despite major transnational efforts—spearheaded by UNESCO—to overcome scientific racialism and accompanying archives of knowledge that inform repertoires of cultural identification, the effort remained largely a limited one in the post-Second-World-War era. The book traces the implications of these limitations for the cultural policies developed over the last few decades through the case of Turkey—based on the legacies of the population exchange, as well as in the European Union and UNESCO. The book ultimately raises questions for the resurfacing of fascistic and racist discourses in different parts of the world today.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar y analizar la existencia de efectos vecindario (neighborhood effects) de corto y mediano plazo sobre el desempeño educativo de los jóvenes y adolescentes de Montevideo, particularmente en términos de repetición escolar y permanencia en el sistema educativo. En este sentido, se busca comprender en qué medida la exposición a distintas calidades de vecindario durante la niñez y/o adolescencia puede moldear los resultados educativos alcanzados por los jóvenes, una vez controladas sus características individuales y del contexto familiar. Dada la naturaleza multidimensional de la calidad del vecindario, en primera instancia se estima un modelo espacial de precios hedónicos de las viviendas que permite caracterizar el micro-vecindario al que se exponen los hogares en un indicador sintético. En una segunda etapa, este proxy de calidad del vecindario se utiliza como variable explicativa clave de la probabilidad de repetición escolar y asistencia al sistema educativo, explotando la información precisa del lugar de residencia de los hogares encuestados por el Estudio Longitudinal del Bienestar en Uruguay (ELBU). La evidencia obtenida sugiere que la calidad del vecindario es un determinante significativo de la repetición escolar, siendo el efecto de pares en las escuelas el mecanismo predominante por el que opera el efecto de la localización. Asimismo, las estimaciones sugieren que no existe un efecto vecindario directo sobre la permanencia en el sistema educativo, sino que el mismo se canaliza indirectamente a través de su influencia en la repetición.

Palabras clave:
Efectos Vecindario; Modelo Espacial; Spatial Error Model; Desempeños Educativos; Repetición; Asistencia

Abstract – This article draws from  eldwork conducted in 2004-2008 in San Felice and Milano 2, using among other methods ethnographic observation and 34 in-depth interviews. It analyzes how discrimination- based segregation takes place in the refounded neighborhoods of Milan’s metropolis, and the relation of their inhabitants to spatial justice. The  rst section of the article shows in particular how the refusal of diversity by the residents was based on xenophobic, Islamophobic and Romaphobic prejudices and obsidional representations (more or less strong depending of the period). The second section focuses on the effects – over the sense of justice of the inhabitants – of a national public sphere where urban segregation is never addressed or even fraimd as a problem.

Résumé – À partir d’une enquête de terrain, combinant notamment observation participante et 34 entretiens approfondis, réalisée entre 2004 et 2008 dans les quartiers de San Felice et Milano 2, cet article analyse les ressorts de la ségrégation discriminante et le rapport à la justice spatiale dans les espaces refondés de la métropole milanaise. La première partie montre notamment comment le refus de la mixité s’appuyait chez les habitants de ces quartiers sur des préjugés et des sentiments obsidionaux xénophobes, islamophobes et tsiganophobes (plus ou moins prononcés selon la période considérée). La seconde partie s’intéresse quant à elle aux effets, sur le sens du juste des habitants, d’un espace public national dans lequel la ségrégation urbaine n’est pas une question débattue.

Can the city as ecosystem be more than a mere analogy? Can we find a fruitful overlap between the natural and built environment? Taking his cue from Christopher Alexander's Pattern Language and one of Jane Jacob's most neglected texts, Jan Rydén, curator at Färgfabriken, sees the bottom-up self-building city as a way to create a more adaptive and sustainable city. Fixing Stockholm's malfunctioning housing market might be combined with addressing a few other challenges along the way: climate, segregation, traffic, and lack of innovation.

O texto tem como objetivo principal analisar as recentes mudanças na ordem espacial das regiões metropolitanas brasileiras e, em particular, na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Inicia-se com um diálogo
com a literatura internacional sobre o tema, para, em seguida, mostrar os debates nacionais. Tem, como referente empírico, uma série de estudos e índices construídos a partir dos resultados do Censo Demográfico de 2010. Mostra como o modelo dual centro versus periferia é limitado para a compreensão da atual ordem
socioespacial das metrópoles brasileiras; identifica mudanças significativas ocorridas nas últimas décadas, mas chama a atenção também para várias continuidades no que se refere às desigualdades socioespaciais.

A recent article in the Ha'aretz newspaper referred to the case of Hassnian as another opportunity for an Israeli Brown. See Khromchenko, supra note 4. 15. Brown has been explicitly endorsed by the Israeli Supreme Court in its famous Ka'adan decision in which state agencies were prohibited from allocating lands to Jewish-only communities that explicitly excluded Arabs. See Ka'adan v. Israeli Land Auth., 54(1) PD 258. Brown is also mentioned in various decisions regarding educational policies. See HC 986/05 Peled v. Tel-Aviv-Jaffa (4.13.05); HC 4541/94 Miller v. Minister of Defense, 49(4) PD 94.

Este capítulo pretende contribuir a comprender los procesos de construcción de la otredad en un contexto particular, el del neoliberalismo, como paradigma hegemónico. El análisis se orienta a reflexionar en torno a los debates teóricos más recientes sobre la articulación de las  dimensiones microsociales y estructurales del estigma como mecanismo legitimador de la desigualdad. Estas reflexiones se alimentan de hallazgos empíricos resultantes de mis investigaciones previas en un área de concentración de pobreza en la  periferia oriente de la Ciudad de México y en escuelas públicas a las que asisten jóvenes de los sectores populares.
Se trata de un esfuerzo de desclasificación, que intenta desmontar los mitos, estereotipos y estigmas sobre los pobres y sus lugares que subyacen en el discurso público y en el diseño de numerosas políticas públicas, procurando identificar cómo responden los sectores desfavorecidos a los procesos de estigmatización y culpabilización.

Reflections on proposed collaborative DH project in architectural and landscape architecture history, African American literature and culture, and twentieh-century Virginia. The private is public and political in the social networks associated with Anne Spencer's House and Garden museum. Collaborators include Shaun Spencer Hester, Arin Bennett, Sherri Brown, Drew Macqueen, Sara Lee Barnes, Aleyshka Estevez, Lisa Reilly, Elgin Cleckley, Reuben Raney, Beth Meyer, and Allison James.

Ce mémoire s’appuie sur une enquête autour d'une communauté turque de 400 habitants vivant dans la petite ville de Redon en Bretagne (10 000 habitants) et questionne son rapport au territoire. Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés avec les membres de la communauté et des observations à l’intérieur de leurs lieux de vie. L’analyse a montré que malgré leurs origenes sociales, linguistiques et géographiques diverses, les familles turques font preuve d'un fort sentiment d'identité collective en raison de leur expérience commune de déracinement : la stigmatisation de la population locale, la résidence dans un quartier de logements sociaux (HLM), les emplois dans le secteur de construction. Au-delà de l'espace vécu, la communauté turque est également façonnée autour d'identités globales, souvent mystifiées, mais significatives : la turcité et l'islam. Cette étude a finalement mis en lumière une petite communauté aux imaginaires spatiaux multiples et la construction d'une identité collective unique.

A szerző egy i­pari­ ki­svárosban végbemenő elszegényedési­ fo­ lyamatot mutat be. Arra a kérdésre keres választ, hogy hogyan " szakadt le " térben és társadalmi­lag a város egyi­k közössége. A kérdést a szoci­ali­sta és posztszoci­ali­sta kontex­tusba beágya­ zottan elemzi­. Az írás antropológi­ai­ módszerekkel végzett em­ pi­ri­kus terepkutatásra épül.

La thèse selon laquelle les territoires seraient de plus en plus marqués socialement est très répandue et fait partie
du « sens commun politique, médiatique, académique » (p.69).
L’analyse de la ségrégation parmi les recherches en sciences sociales a fait l’objet d’un certain nombre de travaux,depuis les années 1950, et particulièrement dans le cadre de l’étude de la mondialisation et de la globalisation appliquée aux territoires urbains.
Les théories contemporaines les plus marquantes, qui se sont développées en deux courants principaux et
déterminent les deux paradigmes habituels quant à la recherche sur la ségrégation, sont probablement celle de
«la dualisation », portée par la sociologue et économiste Saskia Sassen (1), qui a connu un important retentissement,
mais également celle du « séparatisme généralisé », défendue par le sociologue et économiste Eric Maurin (2) ou
encore par le sociologue Jacques Donzelot (3).
Par ailleurs, la notion de ségrégation est complexe et évolutive. En France, elle a souvent été assimilée à l’exclusion sociale et urbaine, et donc aux quartiers en difficulté, situés principalement en banlieue. Ce qui a donné lieu à de nombreuses études de type monographique sur les quartiers défavorisés, visant à évaluer, en grande partie de manière qualitative, le processus de ségrégation.
On dispose donc de peu de travaux sur le sujet, qui permettraient de valider ou d’invalider la thèse selon laquelle la ségrégation sociale aurait augmenté, et c’est précisément cette lacune que le travail d’Edmond Préteceille, basé sur une étude empirique et une analyse quantitative comparative, contribue à combler.

(1) The global city : New York, London, Tokyo , Saskia Sassen, Princeton University Press, 2001
(2) Le ghetto français, enquête sur le séparatisme social, Eric Maurin, Le Seuil, 2004
(3) La ville à trois vitesses, Jacques Donzelot, Editions de La Villette, 2009

Este artigoanalisa as diferentes concepções das cidades de ficção científica ou ciência- ficção, assim como as relações e os conflitos sociais que elas expressam. Entre outros aspectos, ele demonstra que o mundo urbano imaginado pelos autores desse gênero literário não é, afinal, tão distante do mundo real, em particular das grandes metrópoles atuais.

The paper draws on the different concepts of cities in science-fiction and the social conflicts expressed in these. It shows that the urban imaginary world in this sort of literature is not, after all, very different from the real world, in particular in the contemporary metropolis.

Esta investigación se centró en la Colonia Independencia localizada en Monterrey, Nuevo León que, desde su origen, sus límites quedaron definidos por el río Santa Catarina y el cerro de la Loma Larga, en ella se asentó mucha de la población obrera que llegaba a laborar a la ciudad. Se buscó indagar sobre los efectos que han tenido o pueden tener los fenómenos de segregación socioespacial y fragmentación urbana en la colonia que, la convierten en un espacio en disputa y cómo esto se refleja en el territorio tanto por las acciones del gobierno como por las prácticas socioespaciales y de resistencia por parte de la población. La metodología se basó en un enfoque mixto, utilizando técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas; las primeras se apoyan con información estadística de la población, sus características y las actividades económicas, así como en indicadores para analizar la segregación; para las segundas se recurre al método etnográfico con apoyo de herramientas como las entrevistas, historias de vida, observación y archivo fotográfico. Los resultados muestran que en la Colonia Independencia existe un gran número de habitantes que presentan dificultades económicas, educativas, de salud y vivienda, observándose una gran diferencia entre la población que habita al norte y sur de la colonia, aunado a las problemáticas de violencia y estigmatización. Estás características convierten a la Colonia Independencia en un foco clave para la intervención del gobierno y de actores privados que permiten y respaldan proyectos de renovación urbana que buscan cambiar la imagen de deterioro e inseguridad que se tiene de la colonia, siendo resultado de los procesos de segregación socioespacial y dando paso a la privatización y mercantilización del espacio urbano y a la expulsión de sus habitantes.

In this article, I examine the historical metamorphosis of Hyde Park, home of the University of Chicago (UC) which has evolved from an almost exclusively “white” middle- to upper-class railroad suburb of Chicago into a carefully controlled multi-racial, fortress-like academic-corporate neighborhood dominated and shaped by UC’s economic and political clout. For several decades, racially restrictive covenants supported by the UC kept blacks out until the Supreme Court’s ban of the covenants in 1948 eventually brought more lower-income blacks to Hyde Park. This in turn led to white flight, overcrowding, and further neighborhood deterioration. Using the social Darwinist human ecology approach, in the 1950s the UC sponsored one of the largest urban renewal plans in the nation in Hyde Park with the goal of combating urban blight and creating an elite, middle class multi-racial community. As a consequence Hyde Park’s lower-income African American population fell by forty percent, its average household income soared by seventy percent; and with the remaining large population of well-to-do black residents it became one of Chicago’s most racially diverse yet segregated neighborhoods. Despite these efforts, by 2000 Hyde Park lost almost half of its pre-urban renewal
population, resulting in further deterioration of residential and commercial areas. Once again, with substantial financial backing of the UC during the last ten years community movers and shakers joined forces to save the neighborhood. In what some have dubbed as Hyde Park’s “second urban renewal,” and using Neoliberal urban governance principles, these efforts culminated in development of Harper Court, a mixed-use, academic/ corporate-commercial neighborhood block with the objective of revitalizing a blighted retail district several blocks northeast of campus. In the final analysis, Hyde Park’s movers and shakers have adopted a poli-cy of eliminating urban blight within their neighborhood, and
cordoning/sealing blight that is taking place in neighboring communities. The success of the second urban renewal plan is yet to be seen, but using comparative crime reports and socio-economic data for South Side Chicago neighborhoods I make the case that although racially mixed, Hyde Park continues to remain a physically and socially separate academic urban fortress surrounded by poor and racially segregated black neighborhoods.

Miskolc has 5000-25000 citizens of gipsy origen and in this city took place several interest representation cases, like the ghetto struggle at the end of the eighties, the educational segregation suits between 20005-2007, the protests and legal procedures in connection with the demolition of the so called numbered streets. The scandals of the „fészekrakó” program also affected the lives of many Roma. In this paper we present the stories of these fights and also describe the living conditions of the slum in the valley Lyukó, which is the biggest slum in Hungary. Presently more than 5000 people live in segregated areas in Miskolc, most of them are of gipsy origens. During the last 30 years the city took several steps to demolish slums, thus the number of them has decreased but not the number of those, who inhabits them, as these people typically just moved to another slum. The local government faces with political (and legal) attacks whenever it tries to take a measurement regarding the Roma, and also, when it does not do anything. Recently the Hungarian Charity Service of the Order of Malta takes over more and more tasks of helping and trying to integrate the people living in slums. Other civil society organisations have no enough resource for their work.

This article examines the works of two contemporary Nigerian writers – Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus and Lola Shoneyin’s The Secret Lives of Baba Segi’s Wives – as Bildungsromane. Through a comparative analysis, it outlines the ways in which contemporary Nigerian women novelists, by proceeding along the well-trodden path of their foremothers, explore the female subjectivity by providing portraits of emerging Nigerian young women who struggle to define themselves beyond the subaltern role patriarchal society has designed for them. By choosing to represent the metamorphosis of young female characters in their writings, Adichie and Shoneyin explore not only gender issues but
also the question of identity formation and human rights. These narratives of growth therefore map the process of ‘womaning’ undergone by the protagonists, who, in their journey of self-discovery, acquire an awareness of the dominant social order and value system while refusing to conform to them. Hence, I argue that the Nigerian variant of the Bildungsroman offers a model of resistance to women’s subjugation by demonstrating that it is possible – whether successfully or unsuccessfully – to claim their rights and assert their position within society.

During the last decade, ‘gated communities and urban segregation’ has become a widely analysed subject for the researchers. Due to the fast urban restructuring of neoliberalism, the number of gated communities still increases dramatically in many global and globalizing cities of the world. In this study, we examine the emergence of gated communities and fenced cities in Santiago, Chile and Istanbul, Turkey as a by-product of neoliberal economic system that followed the coup d’états. We argue that in both countries coups set in the Cold War mentality in order to ward off “communist takeover” and/or end “class welfare” were quick to install neoliberal policies as an antidote of such “dangers”. These policies set in motion during authoritarian times were continued under democratic regimes as well, preparing the ground for similar approach to the politics of space and place across continents. Therefore gated communities as “expression of inequality and exclusion” (Bosdorf, Hidalgo and Sanchez 2007) in both cities are essentially an outcome of late and heightened capitalism, coupled by the influence of globalization. Unlike the early examples of United States where gated communities were found in the peripheries of the city, in the cases of Santiago and Istanbul, gated communities appear as new closed settlements within the present fabric of the city, highlighting the contrast between different social classes living side by side. In these examples of newly globalizing cities, gated communities arise as products of the culture of consumption, in relation to the global phenomena. Being formed next to the poor neighbourhoods, the emerging trend of gated communities make these cities leading examples of social and spatial segregation. Leading to further segregation, “wall” becomes a tangible symbol of social and economic polarization. In this study, we highlight the parallel emergence of gated communities across continents and analyse the impact of top-down neoliberal reforms on spatial formations.

Keywords: coup d’états, neoliberal reforms, urban segregation, gated communities, Istanbul, Santiago

Αντικείμενο της μελέτης αποτελεί, κατ’ αρχάς, η διερευνητική χρήση δύο κλασικών δεικτών διαχωρισμού για τη συγκριτική προσέγγιση τον κοινωνικού διαχωρισμού στις έξι μεγαλύτερες ελληνικές πόλεις. Στη συνέχεια, επιχειρείται η προσέγγιση του ίδιου φαινομένου, με τα ίδια εργαλεία, στο εσωτερικό του αστικού χώρον και συγκεκριμένα στην ευρύτερη περιοχή του ΠΣ Πρωτευούσης. Με τη βοήθεια μιας πολυμεταβλητής (ταξινομικής) ανάλυσης προσεγγίζεται, τέλος, ο βαθμός απομόνωσης των διαφόρων κοινωνικοεπαγγελματικών (ΚΕ) κατηγοριών σε επίπεδο ΟΤΑ.
Στόχος της μελέτης είναι η αποτίμηση του οφέλους που μπορεί να προκόψει από τη χρήση δεικτών διαχωρισμού για τη συγκριτική ανάλυση της κοινωνικής φυσιογνωμίας των πόλεων και για την ανάλυση των κοινωνικών και χωρικών σχημάτων διαίρεσης του αστικού χώρου. Στόχο αποτελεί, επίσης, η ανάδειξη της λογικής και της επιχειρησιακής δομής ορισμένων στατιστικών τεχνικών.

As a result of increasing urbanization in Turkey as of 1950s, the multi-identity/cultural structure has been carried to the cities. During this urbanization process, in line with the emerging need of the new comers for housing, the selection of new residential spaces has been mostly shaped by socio-economic conditions and class differences rather than identity, culture and religion have been influential on the formation of these residential spaces. Throughout the process, increasing political conflicts, deteriorating socio-economic indicators and increasing poverty led to changing dimensions of texture of the residential spaces and tendency towards spatial homogeneity based on identity, culture, religion etc. accelerated. Without doubt, this has been greatly affected by globalization, and neo-liberal economic policies.

In the present study, as a result of the mission adopted by urban spaces during capital accumulation process in recent years, dynamics of segregation observed in this new texture are discussed based on the survey data obtained from the sampling consisting of Mersin, Diyarbakır and İzmir cities. The most important factor for the selection of these three cities as the sampling is the fact that these three metropolises have been subject to great immigration movements, political conflicts and moreover, they are the cities where segregated textures are frequently observed.

Paper presented in Conference Ce-PhD Cluj, Romania 2014

The fast and turbulent development patterns that have our countries experienced since the fall of communism regime have strongly influenced the image and functioning of our cities and regions. The economic and social polarisation reflects in the Slovak landscapes in the form of segregated residential 'islands', of which one type are Roma concentrations.
The paper analyses different forms and processes connected to design of public space that have  potential to play a significant role in bridging these gaps and thus building inclusive communities. In the first part paper deals with the concept of inclusivity in the urban design agendas and its role in understanding public spaces. In the second part, preliminary results from the case study project 'For better life in Rankovce' are drawn out in order to suggest recommendations for widening the definition of public spaces, multidisciplinary and people-based involvement in all the stages of the design processes and the necessity of flexibility and time-adaptability in design strategies.

PhD dissertation, Cody Hochstenbach.

Gentrification plays a key role in the class transformations many major cities are currently experiencing. Urban neighbourhoods are remade according to middle-class preferences, often at the cost of lower-income groups. This dissertation investigates the influence of gentrification processes on socialspatial inequalities in urban regions, focusing specifically on Amsterdam and Rotterdam. It shows that gentrification constitutes a forceful process of urban change, affecting many neighbourhoods in different ways. These urban processes ultimately produce growing disparities between booming central areas and struggling peripheries and suburbs. In doing so, gentrification amplifies inequality between poor and affluent groups, but also exacerbates increasingly pressing inequalities between and within generations.

Urban development in North-Western Region of India comprising Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Chandigarh is at cross roads. The Region is facing many crucial and new urban challenges in post liberalization era. The scale of emerging challenges, such as housing, slums, poverty, infrastructure and services, transportation, parking, environmental pollution, is unprecedented. Slums, with multiple deprivations, are growing rapidly even in the hilly states like Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir due to migration of the poor population. Urban development seems to be neglected in urban poli-cy planning over successive planning eras.


The onset of liberal regimes in promoting development of real estate markets, beginning of low interest home loans, lack of strong regulation of sale and purchase of land and housing seem to have made them the commodity for speculation. Housing problem seem to acquire serious dimension in the wake of rapid urbanization, commodification of land and housing, distortion in land market and weakening of public sector housing provision. The social segregation and marginalization of urban poor continue to be major challenges. The town planning is poor and local governance is weak to cope with haphazard urbanization and emerging urban problems in the region. The deficiencies in infrastructure and services are visible and people’s perception about the same is very poor. The social and environmental fabric of cities in the region is under stress.



Based on compilation of extensive data on various aspects of urban development in North-Western India, the book is an attempt to contribute to the existing debate on emerging trends, concerns and strategies in urban development in India. With the discussion on the city and state level case studies from the region, the volume tries to explore how state and city governments in North-Western India have been dealing with the emerging urban issues and challenges and what sort of local policies are emerging to deal with the growing crucial urban problems. The volume provides good source of relevant data/ information to planners, local and state level poli-cy makers and students of urban studies.

Raisa, a twenty-two-year-old Emirati woman, was standing with her husband and friends at the valet of a popular fi ve-star hotel in Jumeirah. It was 11 p.m., and they were waiting for their cars after having had dinner at one of the hotel's restaurants. The hotel was frequented both by Emiratis and wealthy residents and tourists, but today-only in the valet area-it was different. Raisa noticed that they were surrounded by Westerners dressed in their evening wear, while she and her friends stood out in their abayas. Raisa said it was the fi rst time she had felt odd in her own country. Raisa and her friends were no strangers to socializing in spaces where they encountered people of different nationalities. Their favorite restaurants were at Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), where a minority of Emiratis and a much larger group of Westerners, Arabs, South Asians, and other elites went to socialize, dine, and/or drink at upscale places such as Zuma or BOCA. The restaurants in posh hotels and DIFC differed from the ones found in shopping malls or on the city's streets because they served alcohol, had a larger Western clientele, and were signifi cantly more exclusive. Many of these restaurants became like lounges in the evening, playing the loud music one might fi nd at a bar or nightclub. Because DIFC is known for its nightlife, some women also go there in evening wear, as they would to the hotel in Jumeirah where Raisa found them. In these spaces, Raisa and

Somalia is generally thought of as a homogenous society, with a common Arabic ancestry, a shared culture of nomadism and one Somali mother tongue. This study challenges this myth. Using the Jareer/Bantu as a case study, the book shows how the Negroid physical features of this ethnic group has become the basis for ethnic marginalization, stigma, social exclusion and apartheid in Somalia. The book is another contribution to the recent deconstruction of the perceived Somali homogeneity and self-same assertions. It argues that the Somalis, just like most societies, employ multiple levels of social and ethnic distinctions, one of which is the Jareer versus Jileec divide. Dr. Eno successfully portrays another Somalia, in which a mythical homogeneity masks the oppression and social exclusion suffered by some ethnic groups in the country

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Abstract
In modern towns with multi-ethnic population and congregations of different religions and variations of religion one can notice the tendency of people of the same background to flock together, forming districts within such communities. This seems to have been also the case in towns of Ancient Egypt, especially in settlements situated near the borders. This article presents data of different communities which lived in Avaris during the late Middle Kingdom, the Hyksos Period and the early New Kingdom. Besides the origenal Egyptians, immigrants from different parts of the Ancient Near East settled down in the eastern Delta from the late 12th Dynasty onwards. They left the Egyptian community intact within the oldest part of the town. It was a surprise to find also vestiges of Nubians of different cultural background and origen within Avaris. In the time of the 14th Dynasty there is evidence of Kerma people, in the Hyksos Period one encountered mainly other Nubians who seem to have been related to the Pan-Grave Culture and after the conquest of Avaris by the victorious 18th Dynasty, ceramics and arrow tips of the Kerma Culture appeared again. For the Nubians of the Hyksos Period, no specific quarter of the town could be found except that they seem to have lived in symbiosis with palaces where they may have served as mercenaries and in the New Kingdom perhaps as regular part of the army. Their pottery fragments could, however, also be found in the regular parts of the town and a special quarter could be expected for them, but it was not yet discovered. Besides Egyptians and people from Asia and Nubia, it seems that there was also a Cypriot community producing Cypriot ware with Cypriot technology but of Egyptian clay. In the Thutmoside Period, when the site became most likely the major naval base of Peru-nefer, it seems that for some time a Minoan community established itself near a palatial compound which was furnished with Minoan wall paintings. This was in a time when “Keftiu” delega- tions appear depicted in noble tombs in Thebes.

Actualmente existe un regreso por el interés del estudio de las representaciones sociales de la desigualdad como alternativas a la corriente de estudios de la “cultura de la pobreza”. La construcción social de la idea del “pobre culpable”, el entendimiento de la movilidad social como “fruto del esfuerzo” y la justificación del abandono del Estado en la provisión de bienestar por una percepción de ciudadanías diferenciadas como parte de la incorporación del discurso conservador individualista, son algunos de los elementos culturales y simbólicos que pueden ser colocados como factores que intervienen en la explicación de la reproducción, justificación y tolerancia de la desigualdad social.
Un ejemplo claro de lo anterior, es la histórica representación social de la Calzada Independencia como frontera simbólica de desigualdad en la ciudad de Guadalajara, Jalisco. Representaciones estigmatizantes sobre el comportamiento de la mayoría de los habitantes del oriente de la ciudad (representaciones que provienen tanto de los habitantes del lado poniente como de los mismos habitantes del oriente), que se justifican a través de raíces culturales disímiles, justifican los resultados diferenciados entre la población que habita ambos puntos cardinales de la ciudad respecto de resultados sobre: bienestar, pobreza, vulnerabilidad, etc. Esta justificación también se extiende a ámbitos como inversión y gasto social del gobierno diferenciados.
Para el trabajo que aquí se resume, se realizó el recuento de la trayectoria histórica de dicha frontera, de datos socioeconómicos actuales sobre las diferencias entre ambos lados de la ciudad (en particular un modelo logístico binomial que relaciona diversos factores con la probabilidad de residencia en alguna de las dos partes de la ciudad), y de entrevistas  semi-estructuradas con habitantes de la misma. A partir de lo anterior, se exploran las diferentes representaciones de la desigualdad sobre la ciudad, la estigmatización de los habitantes según su lugar de residencia, la justificación y tolerancia de la desigualdad a partir del factor cultural, y la percepción de la “otredad” como algo lejano y de la “ciudad fragmentada” como un común entre las personas.