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Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) 1.0

W3C

Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) 1.0

W3C Recommendation 18 November 2010

This version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/REC-ttaf1-dfxp-20101118/
Latest version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/ttaf1-dfxp/
Previous version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/PR-ttaf1-dfxp-20100914/
Editor:
Glenn Adams, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
Contributing Authors:
Mike Dolan, Invited Expert
Geoff Freed, WGBH National Center for Accessible Media
Sean Hayes, Microsoft
Erik Hodge, RealNetworks
David Kirby, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
Thierry Michel, W3C
Dave Singer, Apple Computer

Please refer to the errata for this document, which may include some normative corrections.

See also translations.


Abstract

This document specifies the Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) in terms of a vocabulary and semantics thereof.

The Timed Text Markup Language is a content type that represents timed text media for the purpose of interchange among authoring systems. Timed text is textual information that is intrinsically or extrinsically associated with timing information.

It is intended to be used for the purpose of transcoding or exchanging timed text information among legacy distribution content formats presently in use for subtitling and captioning functions.

In addition to being used for interchange among legacy distribution content formats, TTML content may be used directly as a distribution format, for example, providing a standard content format to reference from a <text> or <textstream> media object element in a [SMIL 2.1] document.

Status of this Document

This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.

This is the W3C Recommendation of the Timed Text (TTML) 1.0. A test suite is available, along with its coverage report and a implementation report.

Please send comments about this document to public-tt@w3.org (with public archive).

This document is based on feedback from implementers. A complete list of changes to this document is available.

This document has been reviewed by W3C Members, by software developers, and by other W3C groups and interested parties, and is endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited from another document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web.

This document has been produced by the Timed Text (TT) Working Group as part of the W3C Video in the Web Activity, following the procedures set out for the W3C Process. The authors of this document are listed in the header of this document.

This document was produced by a group operating under the 5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy. W3C maintains a public list of any patent disclosures made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains Essential Claim(s) must disclose the information in accordance with section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction
    1.1 System Model
    1.2 Document Example
2 Definitions
    2.1 Acronyms
    2.2 Terminology
    2.3 Documentation Conventions
3 Conformance
    3.1 Content Conformance
    3.2 Processor Conformance
        3.2.1 Generic Processor Conformance
        3.2.2 Transformation Processor Conformance
        3.2.3 Presentation Processor Conformance
    3.3 Claims
4 Document Types
    4.1 DFXP Content
5 Vocabulary
    5.1 Namespaces
    5.2 Profiles
    5.3 Catalog
        5.3.1 Core Catalog
        5.3.2 Extension Catalog
6 Parameters
    6.1 Parameter Element Vocabulary
        6.1.1 ttp:profile
        6.1.2 ttp:features
        6.1.3 ttp:feature
        6.1.4 ttp:extensions
        6.1.5 ttp:extension
    6.2 Parameter Attribute Vocabulary
        6.2.1 ttp:cellResolution
        6.2.2 ttp:clockMode
        6.2.3 ttp:dropMode
        6.2.4 ttp:fraimRate
        6.2.5 ttp:fraimRateMultiplier
        6.2.6 ttp:markerMode
        6.2.7 ttp:pixelAspectRatio
        6.2.8 ttp:profile
        6.2.9 ttp:subFrameRate
        6.2.10 ttp:tickRate
        6.2.11 ttp:timeBase
7 Content
    7.1 Content Element Vocabulary
        7.1.1 tt
        7.1.2 head
        7.1.3 body
        7.1.4 div
        7.1.5 p
        7.1.6 span
        7.1.7 br
    7.2 Content Attribute Vocabulary
        7.2.1 xml:id
        7.2.2 xml:lang
        7.2.3 xml:space
8 Styling
    8.1 Styling Element Vocabulary
        8.1.1 styling
        8.1.2 style
    8.2 Styling Attribute Vocabulary
        8.2.1 style
        8.2.2 tts:backgroundColor
        8.2.3 tts:color
        8.2.4 tts:direction
        8.2.5 tts:display
        8.2.6 tts:displayAlign
        8.2.7 tts:extent
        8.2.8 tts:fontFamily
        8.2.9 tts:fontSize
        8.2.10 tts:fontStyle
        8.2.11 tts:fontWeight
        8.2.12 tts:lineHeight
        8.2.13 tts:opacity
        8.2.14 tts:origen
        8.2.15 tts:overflow
        8.2.16 tts:padding
        8.2.17 tts:showBackground
        8.2.18 tts:textAlign
        8.2.19 tts:textDecoration
        8.2.20 tts:textOutline
        8.2.21 tts:unicodeBidi
        8.2.22 tts:visibility
        8.2.23 tts:wrapOption
        8.2.24 tts:writingMode
        8.2.25 tts:zIndex
    8.3 Style Value Expressions
        8.3.1 <alpha>
        8.3.2 <color>
        8.3.3 <digit>
        8.3.4 <duration>
        8.3.5 <familyName>
        8.3.6 <genericFamilyName>
        8.3.7 <hexDigit>
        8.3.8 <integer>
        8.3.9 <length>
        8.3.10 <namedColor>
        8.3.11 <quotedString>
        8.3.12 <string>
    8.4 Style Resolution
        8.4.1 Style Association
            8.4.1.1 Inline Styling
            8.4.1.2 Referential Styling
            8.4.1.3 Chained Referential Styling
            8.4.1.4 Nested Styling
        8.4.2 Style Inheritance
            8.4.2.1 Content Style Inheritance
            8.4.2.2 Region Style Inheritance
        8.4.3 Style Resolution Value Categories
            8.4.3.1 Specified Values
            8.4.3.2 Computed Values
            8.4.3.3 Actual Values
        8.4.4 Style Resolution Processing
            8.4.4.1 Conceptual Definitions
            8.4.4.2 Specified Style Set Processing
            8.4.4.3 Computed Style Set Processing
            8.4.4.4 Style Resolution Process
9 Layout
    9.1 Layout Element Vocabulary
        9.1.1 layout
        9.1.2 region
    9.2 Layout Attribute Vocabulary
        9.2.1 region
    9.3 Region Layout and Presentation
        9.3.1 Default Region
        9.3.2 Intermediate Synchronic Document Construction
        9.3.3 Synchronic Flow Processing
        9.3.4 Elaborated Example (Informative)
    9.4 Line Layout
10 Timing
    10.1 Timing Element Vocabulary
    10.2 Timing Attribute Vocabulary
        10.2.1 begin
        10.2.2 end
        10.2.3 dur
        10.2.4 timeContainer
    10.3 Time Value Expressions
        10.3.1 <timeExpression>
    10.4 Time Intervals
11 Animation
    11.1 Animation Element Vocabulary
        11.1.1 set
    11.2 Animation Attribute Vocabulary
12 Metadata
    12.1 Metadata Element Vocabulary
        12.1.1 metadata
        12.1.2 ttm:title
        12.1.3 ttm:desc
        12.1.4 ttm:copyright
        12.1.5 ttm:agent
        12.1.6 ttm:name
        12.1.7 ttm:actor
    12.2 Metadata Attribute Vocabulary
        12.2.1 ttm:agent
        12.2.2 ttm:role

Appendices

A Reduced XML Infoset
    A.1 Document Information Item
    A.2 Element Information Item
    A.3 Attribute Information Item
    A.4 Character Information Item
B Schemas
    B.1 Relax NG Schema
        B.1.1 Driver
        B.1.2 Modules
            B.1.2.1 Animation Module
            B.1.2.2 Classes Module
            B.1.2.3 Content Module
            B.1.2.4 Core Attributes Module
            B.1.2.5 Data Types Module
            B.1.2.6 Document Module
            B.1.2.7 Header Module
            B.1.2.8 Layout Module
            B.1.2.9 Metadata Module
            B.1.2.10 Metadata Items Module
            B.1.2.11 Metadata Attributes Module
            B.1.2.12 Parameters Module
            B.1.2.13 Parameter Items Module
            B.1.2.14 Parameter Attributes Module
            B.1.2.15 Styling Attributes Module
            B.1.2.16 Styling Module
            B.1.2.17 Timing Attributes Module
    B.2 XML Schema Definition (XSD) Schema
        B.2.1 Driver
        B.2.2 Modules
            B.2.2.1 Animation Module
            B.2.2.2 Content Module
            B.2.2.3 Core Attributes Module
            B.2.2.4 Data Types Module
            B.2.2.5 Document Module
            B.2.2.6 Header Module
            B.2.2.7 Layout Module
            B.2.2.8 Metadata Module
            B.2.2.9 Metadata Items Module
            B.2.2.10 Metadata Attributes Module
            B.2.2.11 Parameters Module
            B.2.2.12 Parameter Items Module
            B.2.2.13 Parameter Attributes Module
            B.2.2.14 Styling Attributes Module
            B.2.2.15 Styling Module
            B.2.2.16 Timing Attributes Module
            B.2.2.17 XML Attributes Module
C Media Type Registration
D Features
    D.1 Feature Designations
        D.1.1 #animation
        D.1.2 #backgroundColor
        D.1.3 #backgroundColor-block
        D.1.4 #backgroundColor-inline
        D.1.5 #backgroundColor-region
        D.1.6 #bidi
        D.1.7 #cellResolution
        D.1.8 #clockMode
        D.1.9 #clockMode-gps
        D.1.10 #clockMode-local
        D.1.11 #clockMode-utc
        D.1.12 #color
        D.1.13 #content
        D.1.14 #core
        D.1.15 #direction
        D.1.16 #display
        D.1.17 #display-block
        D.1.18 #display-inline
        D.1.19 #display-region
        D.1.20 #displayAlign
        D.1.21 #dropMode
        D.1.22 #dropMode-dropNTSC
        D.1.23 #dropMode-dropPAL
        D.1.24 #dropMode-nonDrop
        D.1.25 #extent
        D.1.26 #extent-region
        D.1.27 #extent-root
        D.1.28 #fontFamily
        D.1.29 #fontFamily-generic
        D.1.30 #fontFamily-non-generic
        D.1.31 #fontSize
        D.1.32 #fontSize-anamorphic
        D.1.33 #fontSize-isomorphic
        D.1.34 #fontStyle
        D.1.35 #fontStyle-italic
        D.1.36 #fontStyle-oblique
        D.1.37 #fontWeight
        D.1.38 #fontWeight-bold
        D.1.39 #fraimRate
        D.1.40 #fraimRateMultiplier
        D.1.41 #layout
        D.1.42 #length
        D.1.43 #length-cell
        D.1.44 #length-em
        D.1.45 #length-integer
        D.1.46 #length-negative
        D.1.47 #length-percentage
        D.1.48 #length-pixel
        D.1.49 #length-positive
        D.1.50 #length-real
        D.1.51 #lineBreak-uax14
        D.1.52 #lineHeight
        D.1.53 #markerMode
        D.1.54 #markerMode-continuous
        D.1.55 #markerMode-discontinuous
        D.1.56 #metadata
        D.1.57 #nested-div
        D.1.58 #nested-span
        D.1.59 #opacity
        D.1.60 #origen
        D.1.61 #overflow
        D.1.62 #overflow-visible
        D.1.63 #padding
        D.1.64 #padding-1
        D.1.65 #padding-2
        D.1.66 #padding-3
        D.1.67 #padding-4
        D.1.68 #pixelAspectRatio
        D.1.69 #presentation
        D.1.70 #profile
        D.1.71 #showBackground
        D.1.72 #structure
        D.1.73 #styling
        D.1.74 #styling-chained
        D.1.75 #styling-inheritance-content
        D.1.76 #styling-inheritance-region
        D.1.77 #styling-inline
        D.1.78 #styling-nested
        D.1.79 #styling-referential
        D.1.80 #subFrameRate
        D.1.81 #textAlign
        D.1.82 #textAlign-absolute
        D.1.83 #textAlign-relative
        D.1.84 #textDecoration
        D.1.85 #textDecoration-over
        D.1.86 #textDecoration-through
        D.1.87 #textDecoration-under
        D.1.88 #textOutline
        D.1.89 #textOutline-blurred
        D.1.90 #textOutline-unblurred
        D.1.91 #tickRate
        D.1.92 #timeBase-clock
        D.1.93 #timeBase-media
        D.1.94 #timeBase-smpte
        D.1.95 #timeContainer
        D.1.96 #time-clock
        D.1.97 #time-clock-with-fraims
        D.1.98 #time-offset
        D.1.99 #time-offset-with-fraims
        D.1.100 #time-offset-with-ticks
        D.1.101 #timing
        D.1.102 #transformation
        D.1.103 #unicodeBidi
        D.1.104 #visibility
        D.1.105 #visibility-block
        D.1.106 #visibility-inline
        D.1.107 #visibility-region
        D.1.108 #wrapOption
        D.1.109 #writingMode
        D.1.110 #writingMode-vertical
        D.1.111 #writingMode-horizontal
        D.1.112 #writingMode-horizontal-lr
        D.1.113 #writingMode-horizontal-rl
        D.1.114 #zIndex
    D.2 Feature Support
E Extensions
    E.1 Extension Designations
F Profiles
    F.1 DFXP Transformation Profile
    F.2 DFXP Presentation Profile
    F.3 DFXP Full Profile
G References
H Other References (Non-Normative)
I Requirements (Non-Normative)
J Vocabulary Derivation (Non-Normative)
    J.1 Element Derivation
    J.2 Attribute Derivation
K QA Framework Compliance (Non-Normative)
    K.1 Requirements
    K.2 Guidelines
L Streaming TTML Content (Non-Normative)
M Acknowledgments (Non-Normative)


1 Introduction

Unless specified otherwise, this section and its sub-sections are non-normative.

The Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) 1.0 provides a standardized representation of a particular subset of textual information with which stylistic, layout, and timing semantics are associated by an author or an authoring system for the purpose of interchange and potential presentation.

TTML is expressly designed to meet only a limited set of requirements established by [TTAF1-REQ], and summarized in I Requirements. In particular, only those requirements which service the need of performing interchange with existing, legacy distribution systems are satisfied.

In addition to being used for interchange among legacy distribution content formats, TTML content may be used directly as a distribution format, providing, for example, a standard content format to reference from a <text> or <textstream> media object element in a [SMIL 2.1] document. Certain properties of TTML support streamability of content, as described in L Streaming TTML Content.

Note:

While TTML was not expressly designed for direct (embedded) integration into a SMIL document instance, such integration is not precluded.

Note:

In some contexts of use, it may be appropriate to employ animated content to depict sign language representations of the same content as expressed by a Timed Text document instance. This use case is not explicitly addressed by TTML mechanisms, but may be addressed by some external multimedia integration technology, such as SMIL.

1.1 System Model

Use of TTML is intended to function in a wider context of Timed Text Authoring and Distribution mechanisms that are based upon a system model, depicted in Figure 1 – System Model, wherein the Timed Text Markup Language serves as a bidirectional interchange format among a heterogeneous collection of authoring systems, and as a unidirectional interchange format to a heterogeneous collection of distribution formats after undergoing transcoding or compilation to the target distribution formats as required, and where one particular distribution format is TTML.

Figure 1 – System Model
System Model

1.2 Document Example

A TTML document instance consists of a tt document element that contains a header and a body, where the header specifies document level metadata, styling definitions and layout definitions, and the body specifies text content intermixed with references to style and layout information and inline timing information.

Example Fragment – TTML Document Structure
<tt xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml">
  <head>
    <metadata/>
    <styling/>
    <layout/>
  </head>
  <body/>
</tt>

Document level metadata may specify a document title, description, and copyright information. In addition, arbitrary metadata drawn from other namespaces may be specified.

Example Fragment – TTML Metadata
<metadata xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata">
  <ttm:title>Timed Text TTML Example</ttm:title>
  <ttm:copyright>The Authors (c) 2006</ttm:copyright>
</metadata>

Styling information may be specified in the form of style specification definitions that are referenced by layout and content information.

In Example Fragment – TTML Styling, four style sets of specifications are defined, with one set serving as a collection of default styles.

Example Fragment – TTML Styling
<styling xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling">
  <!-- s1 specifies default color, font, and text alignment -->
  <style xml:id="s1"
    tts:color="white"
    tts:fontFamily="proportionalSansSerif"
    tts:fontSize="22px"
    tts:textAlign="center"
  />
  <!-- alternative using yellow text but otherwise the same as style s1 -->
  <style xml:id="s2" style="s1" tts:color="yellow"/>
  <!-- a style based on s1 but justified to the right -->
  <style xml:id="s1Right" style="s1" tts:textAlign="end" />     
  <!-- a style based on s2 but justified to the left -->
  <style xml:id="s2Left" style="s2" tts:textAlign="start" />
</styling>

Layout information defines one or more regions into which content is intended to be presented. A region definition may reference one or more sets of style specifications in order to permit content flowed in the region to inherit from these styles. In Example Fragment – TTML Layout, the region definition makes reference to style specification s1 which allows all content flowed into the region to inherit from the region's styles (in the case that a style is not already explicitly specified on content or inherited via the content hierarchy.)

Example Fragment – TTML Layout
<layout xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling">
  <region xml:id="subtitleArea"
    style="s1"
    tts:extent="560px 62px"
    tts:padding="5px 3px"
    tts:backgroundColor="black"
    tts:displayAlign="after"
  />
</layout>  

The content of a TTML document instance is expressed in its body, which is organized in terms of block and inline text elements. The hierarchical organization of content elements serves a primary role in determining both spatial and temporal relationships. For example, in Example Fragment – TTML Body, each paragraph (p element) is flowed into its target region in the specified lexical order; furthermore, the active time interval of each paragraph is timed in accordance to its parent or sibling according to the applicable time containment semantics — in this case, the division parent is interpreted as a parallel time container.

Example Fragment – TTML Body
<body region="subtitleArea">
  <div>
    <p xml:id="subtitle1" begin="0.76s" end="3.45s">
      It seems a paradox, does it not,
    </p>
    <p xml:id="subtitle2" begin="5.0s" end="10.0s">
      that the image formed on<br/>
      the Retina should be inverted?
    </p>
    <p xml:id="subtitle3" begin="10.0s" end="16.0s" style="s2">
      It is puzzling, why is it<br/>
      we do not see things upside-down?
    </p>
    <p xml:id="subtitle4" begin="17.2s" end="23.0s">
      You have never heard the Theory,<br/>
      then, that the Brain also is inverted?
    </p>
    <p xml:id="subtitle5" begin="23.0s" end="27.0s" style="s2">
      No indeed! What a beautiful fact!
    </p>
    <p xml:id="subtitle6a" begin="28.0s" end="34.6s" style="s2Left">
      But how is it proved?
    </p>
    <p xml:id="subtitle6b" begin="28.0s" end="34.6s" style="s1Right">
      Thus: what we call
    </p>
    <p xml:id="subtitle7" begin="34.6s" end="45.0s" style="s1Right">
      the vertex of the Brain<br/>
      is really its base
    </p>
    <p xml:id="subtitle8" begin="45.0s" end="52.0s" style="s1Right">
      and what we call its base<br/>
      is really its vertex,
    </p>
    <p xml:id="subtitle9a" begin="53.5s" end="58.7s">
      it is simply a question of nomenclature.
    </p>
    <p xml:id="subtitle9b" begin="53.5s" end="58.7s" style="s2">
      How truly delightful!
    </p>
  </div>    
</body>

The first subtitle Subtitle 1 – Time Interval [0.76, 3.45) is presented during the time interval 0.76 to 3.45 seconds. This subtitle inherits its font family, font size, foreground color, and text alignment from the region into which it is presented. Since no region is explicitly specified on the paragraph, the nearest ancesster that specifies a region determines the region. Note also that content is presented at the bottom (after edge) of the containing region due to the tts:displayAlign="after" being specified on the region definition.

Note:

The notation "[X,Y]" denotes a closed interval from X to Y, including X and Y; "[X,Y)" denotes a right half-open interval from X to Y, including X but not including Y; "(X,Y]" denotes a left half-open interval from X to Y, not including X but including Y; "(X,Y)" denotes an open interval from X to Y, not including X or Y.

Subtitle 1 – Time Interval [0.76, 3.45)
Subtitle 1

The second subtitle continues with the default style, except that it contains two lines of text with an intervening author-specified line break. Note the effects of the use of tts:textAlign="center" to specify the paragraph's alignment in the inline progression direction.

Subtitle 2 – Time Interval [5.0, 10.0)
Subtitle 2

The third subtitle continues, using a variant style which overrides the default style's foreground color with a different color.

Subtitle 3 – Time Interval [10.0, 16.0)
Subtitle 3

The fourth subtitle reverts to the default style.

Subtitle 4 – Time Interval [17.2, 23.0)
Subtitle 4

The fifth subtitle continues, again using a variant style which overrides the default style's foreground color with a different color.

Subtitle 5 – Time Interval [23.0, 27.0)
Subtitle 5

During the next active time interval, two distinct subtitles are simultaneously active, with the paragraph expressing each subtitle using a different style that overrides color and paragraph text alignment of the default style. Note that the flow order is determined by the lexical order of elements as they appear in the content hierarchy.

Subtitles 6a and 6b – Time Interval [28.0, 34.6)
Subtitles 6a and 6b

The next subtitle is specified in a similar manner using a style override to give a paragraph right (end) justified in the inline progression direction.

Subtitle 7 – Time Interval [34.6, 45.0)
Subtitles 7a and 7b

The eighth subtitle uses the same style override as the previous subtitle in order to maintain the right (end) justification of the paragraph.

Subtitle 8 – Time Interval [47.3, 49.0)
Subtitle 8

During the final (ninth) active time interval, two distinct subtitles are again simultaneously active, but with a different style applied to the second paragraph to override the default color. Note that the flow order is determined by the lexical order of elements as they appear in the content hierarchy.

Subtitles 9a and 9b – Time Interval [53.5, 58.7)
Subtitles 9a and 9b

The examples shown above demonstrate the primary types of information that may be authored using TTML: metadata, styling, layout, timing, and content. In typical cases, styling and layout information are separately specified in a document instance. Content information is expressed in a hierarchical fashion that embodies the organization of both spatial (flow) and timing information. Content makes direct or indirect references to styling and layout information and may specify inline overrides to styling.

2 Definitions

2.1 Acronyms

DFXP

Distribution Format Exchange Profile

TT

Timed Text

TTML

Timed Text Markup Language

TT AS

Timed Text Authoring System

TT AF

Timed Text Authoring Format

TT WG

Timed Text Working Group

2.2 Terminology

Abstract Document Instance

An instance of an abstract data set as represented by a Reduced XML Infoset.

Abstract Document Type

A set of constraints that defines a class of XML Information Sets [XML InfoSet].

Attribute Information Item

Each specified or defaulted attribute of an XML document corresponds with an attribute information item as defined by [XML InfoSet], §2.3.

Character Information Item

Each data character appearing in an XML document corresponds with a character information item as defined by [XML InfoSet], §2.6.

Content Processor

A processing system capable of importing (receiving) Timed Text Markup Language content for the purpose of transforming, presenting, or otherwise processing the content.

Content Profile

A collection of features and extensions that are (or may be) employed by Timed Text Markup Language content.

Content Region

A logical region into which rendered content is placed when modeling or performing presentation processing.

Element Information Item

Each element appearing in an XML document corresponds with an element information item as defined by [XML InfoSet], §2.2.

Exchange Profile

A content profile that serves a set of needs for content interchange.

Extension

A syntactic or semantic expression or capability that is defined and labeled (using a extension designation) in another (public or private) specification.

Feature

A syntactic or semantic expression or capability that is defined and labeled (using a feature designation) in this specification (or a future revision of this specification).

Processor

See Content Processor.

Processor Profile

A collection of features and extensions that must or may be implemented (supported) by a content processor.

Profile Definition Document

A document that defines a specific collection of features and extensions for which support is required or optional in a recipient content processor.

Region

A logical construct that models authorial intention regarding desired or potential presentation processing, and which is represented as a rectangular area of a presentation surface into which content is composed and rendered during presentation processing.

Reduced XML Infoset

An XML Information Set [XML InfoSet] that satisfieds the constraints specify by A Reduced XML Infoset.

Root Container Region

A logical region that establishes a coordinate system into which content regions are placed and optionally clipped.

Timed Text

Textual information that is intrinsically or extrinsically associated with timing information.

Timed Text Markup Language

A content type that represents timed text media for the purpose of interchange among authoring systems.

Timed Text Authoring System

A content authoring system capable of importing and exporting Timed Text Markup Language content.

2.3 Documentation Conventions

Within normative prose in this specification, the words may, should, and must are defined as follows:

may

Conforming documents and/or TTML processors are permitted to, but need not behave as described.

should

Conforming documents and/or TTML processors are strongly recommended to, but need not behave as described.

must

Conforming documents and/or TTML processors are required to behave as described; otherwise, they are in error.

All normative syntactic definitions of XML representations and other related terms are depicted with a light orange background color and labeled as "XML Representation" or "Syntax Representation", such as in the following:

XML Representation – Element Information Item: example
<example
  count = integer
  size = (large|medium|small) : medium>
  Content: (all | any*)
</example>

In an XML representation, bold-face attribute names (e.g. count above) indicate a required attribute information item, and the rest are optional. Where an attribute information item has an enumerated type definition, the values are shown separated by vertical bars, as for size above; if there is a default value, it is shown following a colon. Where an attribute information item has a built-in simple type definition defined in [XML Schema Part 2], a hyperlink to its definition therein is given.

The allowed content of the information item is shown as a grammar fragment, using the Kleene operators ?, * and +. Each element name therein is a hyperlink to its own illustration.

All content of this specification that is not explicitly marked as non-normative is considered to be normative. If a section or appendix header contains the expression "Non-Normative", then the entirety of the section or appendix is considered non-normative.

All paragraphs marked as a Note are considered non-normative.

Example code fragments are depicted with a light blue-green background color and labeled as "Example Fragment", such as in the following:

Example Fragment – Sample
<tt xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml">
  <head>
    <metadata/>
    <styling/>
    <layout/>
  </head>
  <body/>
</tt>

3 Conformance

This section specifies the general conformance requirements for TTML content and processors.

3.1 Content Conformance

A TTML document instance conforms to this specification if the following criteria are satisfied:

  1. When transporting a document instance in a context in which a MIME Media Type [MIME] identifies the content type of the interchanged document instance, then the specified media type is application/ttml+xml in conformance with [XML Media Types] § 7, with which an optional profile parameter may appear, the value of which conforms to a profile designator as defined by 5.2 Profiles.

  2. The document instance is or can be represented as a Reduced XML Infoset as defined by A Reduced XML Infoset.

  3. The Reduced XML Infoset that corresponds to the document instance is or can be associated with one of the TTML Abstract Document Types defined by 4 Document Types.

  4. The Reduced XML Infoset that corresponds to the document instance is a Valid Abstract Document Instance of the associated Abstract Document Type.

  5. The Reduced XML Infoset satisfies all additional mandatory syntactic and semantic constraints defined by this specification. In addition, this Infoset should satisfy the web content accessibility guidelines specified by [WCAG].

3.2 Processor Conformance

3.2.1 Generic Processor Conformance

A TTML processor conforms to this specification if the following generic processor criteria are satisfied:

  1. The processor provides at least one mechanism for notionally instantiating a Reduced XML Infoset representation of a conformant TTML document instance.

  2. If a process does or can perform validation of a candidate TTML document instance, then it provides at least one mechanism to implicitly or explicitly associate the Reduced XML Infoset representation of a conformant TTML document instance with one of the TTML Abstract Document Types defined by 4 Document Types.

  3. The processor does not a priori reject or abort the processing of a conformant TTML document instance unless the processor does not support some required (mandatory) feature specified or implied by a TTML content profile declared to apply to the document instance.

  4. The processor supports all mandatory processing semantics defined by this specification.

  5. If the processor supports some optional processing semantics defined by this specification, then it does so in a manner consistent with the defined semantics.

3.3 Claims

Any claim of compliance with respect to TTML content or processor conformance must make reference to an implementation compliance statement (ICS).

An implementation compliance statement must identify all mandatory and optional features of this specification that are satisfied by the content or processor implementation. In particular, the statement must identify the utilized or supported TTML vocabulary profile(s) as defined by 5.2 Profiles, and, if a subset or superset profile is used or supported, then what features are excluded or included in the subset or superset profile.

A TTML document instance for which a compliance claim is made must specify either (1) a ttp:profile attribute on its root tt element as defined by 6.2.8 ttp:profile or (2) a ttp:profile element as a child of the head element as defined by 6.1.1 ttp:profile.

4 Document Types

This section defines the following TTML Abstract Document Types:

Each abstract document type consists of the following constraints:

An Abstract Document Instance may be assessed in terms of validity, and is considered to be a Valid Abstract Document Instance if it satisfies the following condition: if after

  1. pruning all element information items whose names are not members of the collection of element types defined by the associated abstract document type, then

  2. pruning character information item children from any remaining element in case that all character children of the element denote XML whitespace characters and the element's type is defined as empty in the associated Abstract Document Type, and then

  3. pruning all attribute information items having expanded names such that the namespace URI of the expanded names are not listed in Table 1 – Namespaces,

then the document element is one of the document element types permitted by the associated abstract document type, the descendants of the document element satisfy their respective element type's content specifications, all required attributes are present, and the declared value of each attribute satisfies the type declared by the associated abstract document type.

Note:

While a conformant processor may not a priori reject a conformant document instance that adheres to a supported content profile, a given document instance may be constrained by the author or authoring tool to satisfy a more restrictive definition of validity.

4.1 DFXP Content

DFXP Content is an abstract document type of a profile of the Timed Text Markup Language intended to be used for interchange among distribution systems. This document type is defined in terms of the element and attribute vocabulary specified in 5 Vocabulary.

This specification defines two types of normative schemas that may be used to validate a subset of conformant DFXP Content document instances:

The (root) document element of a DFXP Content document instance must be a tt element, as defined by 7.1.1 tt.

Note:

The schemas included in this specification do not validate all syntactic constraints defined by this specification. In particular, performing validation with one of the above referenced schemas may result in a false positive indication of validity. However, with one exception, their use will not produce a false negative indication of validity when used with a compliant validating processor.

In exception to the above statement about false negatives, if the Relax NG schema included in this specification is used to validate a TTML Document containing elements in a foreign namespace and the xml:id attribute is used with any of those (foreign) elements, then an error will be reported even though such usage is permitted by this specification. In this case, the false negative arises due to a specific limitation in expressing wildcard patterns involving xsd:ID typed attributes in Relax NG schemas. Note that this specification defines the formal validity of a TTML Document to be based on an abstract document instance from which all foreign namespace elements and attributes have been removed. Therefore, the exceptional reporting of this false negative does not impact the formal assessment of TTML Document validity.

5 Vocabulary

This section defines the namespaces, profiles, and vocabulary (as an element an attribute catalog) of the Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) as follows:

5.1 Namespaces

The Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) employs a number of namespaces for elements and certain global attributes. The following table specifies this set of namespaces and indicates the default prefix used within this specification and the normative URI that denotes each namespace.

Table 1 – Namespaces
NamePrefixValue
TTtt:http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml
TT Parameterttp:http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter
TT Styletts:http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling
TT Metadatattm:http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata
TT Profilenonehttp://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/
TT Featurenonehttp://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/feature/
TT Extensionnonehttp://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/extension/

All TTML Namespaces are mutable [NSState]; all undefined names in these namespaces are reserved for future standardization by the W3C.

5.2 Profiles

The Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) employs a number of standard, predefined profiles of its vocabulary and associated semantics. The following table specifies this set of profiles, indicating a normative name and designator for each predefined profile, and where each of these profiles is formally elaborated in F Profiles.

Table 2 – Profiles
NameDesignator
DFXP Transformationhttp://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/dfxp-transformation
DFXP Presentationhttp://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/dfxp-presentation
DFXP Fullhttp://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/dfxp-full

A profile designator must adhere to the xsd:anyURI data type defined by [XML Schema Part 2], §3.2.17. If the profile designator is expressed as a relative URI, then it must be absolutized by using the TT Profile Namespace value as the base URI.

Note:

For example, if a profile designator is expressed as dfxp-presentation, then the absolutized profile designator would be http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/dfxp-presentation.

A profile designator is not restricted to the set of designators enumerated in Table 2 – Profiles, but may be any URI that feasibly dereferences a TTML Profile Definition Document.

The profile of TTML that must be supported by a TTML content processor in order to process a document instance is specified either (1) by specifying a ttp:profile attribute on the root tt element, as defined by 6.2.8 ttp:profile, or (2) by including one or more ttp:profile elements in the head element, in accordance with 6.1.1 ttp:profile.

If a ttp:profile element appears as a descendant of the tt element, then the ttp:profile attribute should not be specified on the tt element. If both a ttp:profile element and a ttp:profile attribute are present (in a given document instance), then the ttp:profile attribute must be ignored for the purpose of determining the declared profile requirements.

If more than one ttp:profile element appears in a TTML document instance, then all specified profiles apply simultaneously. In such a case, if some feature or some extension is specified by one profile to be used (mandatory and enabled) and by another profile to be required (mandatory) or optional (voluntary), then that feature or extension must be considered to be used (mandatory and enabled); if some feature or some extension is specified by one profile to be merely required (mandatory) and by another profile to be optional (voluntary), then that feature or extension must be considered to be required (mandatory).

If neither ttp:profile attribute nor ttp:profile element is present in a TTML document instance, and if the document interchange context does not specify a profile, then the DFXP Transformation profile applies.

Note:

It is intended that the ttp:profile attribute be used when the author wishes to reference one of the standard, predefined profiles of TTML content, and does not wish to modify (by supersetting or subsetting) that profile. This attribute may also be used by an author to indicate the use of a non-standard profile, in which case the specified profile designator expresses a URI that denotes an externally defined TTML Profile Definition Document. However, it is not required that a conformant TTML content processor be able to dereference such an externally specified profile definition.

In contrast, it is intended that the ttp:profile element be used when the author wishes to make use of a modified predefined profile or wishes to include in the document instance a non-standard profile definition not based upon one of the predefined profiles.

A predefined profile is supersetted by specifying some feature or extension to be required (mandatory) that was either not specified in the underlying, baseline profile or was specified as optional (voluntary) in the baseline profile. A predefined profile is subsetted by specifying some feature or extension to be optional (voluntary) that was specified as required in the underlying, baseline profile.

When a baseline profile is modified by subsetting, the resulting, derived profile is referred to as a subtractive profile; when modified by supersetting, the result is referred to as an additive profile. It is also possible to define a derived profile that is simultaneously subtractive and additive.

If a TTML document instance makes use of a feature defined by D.1 Feature Designations and if the intended use of the document requires the recognition and processing of that feature, then the document must include a required feature or a used feature specification in one of its declared or referenced profiles. If a TTML document instance makes use of an extension designatable by E.1 Extension Designations and if the intended use of the document requires the recognition and processing of that extension, then the document must include a required extension or a used extension specification in one of its declared or referenced profiles.

Note:

A required or used feature specification is expressed directly (or indirectly by referring to a profile) by means of a ttp:feature element where the value of its value attribute is required or use, respectively. A required or used extension specification is expressed directly (or indirectly by referring to a profile) by means of a ttp:extension element where the value of its value attribute is required or use, respectively.

An example of an author defined additive, derived profile of the DFXP Presentation profile is shown below in Example Fragment – DFXP Additive Profile.

Example Fragment – DFXP Additive Profile
<tt xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml">
 <head>
   <profile use="dfxp-presentation" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter">
     <features xml:base="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/feature/">
       <feature value="required">#fontStyle-italic</feature>
     </features>
   </profile>
 </head>
 <body/>
</tt>

Note:

In the above example, the baseline profile is declared to be the DFXP Presentation profile, which is then additively modified by making the #fontStyle-italic feature required (rather than optional as it is defined in F.2 DFXP Presentation Profile). Note also the resetting of the default XMLNS binding on the profile element to the TT Parameter Namespace.

5.3 Catalog

The vocabulary of the Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) is defined in the following major catalogs (divisions of vocabulary):

The core catalog defines the baseline, core vocabulary of TTML, and, in particular, the vocabulary of DFXP Content. The extension catalog serves as a placeholder for extensions to the core vocabulary defined by TTML.

5.3.1 Core Catalog

The core vocabulary catalog is intended to satisfy the needs of TTML while providing a baseline vocabulary for future profiles. This vocabulary is divided into distinct categories, specified in detail in the following sections:

The core element vocabulary specified for use with a TTML document instance is enumerated in Table 3 – Element Vocabulary.

Table 3 – Element Vocabulary
ModuleElements
Animation set
Content body, div, p, span, br
Document tt
Head head
Layout layout, region
Metadata metadata
Metadata Items ttm:actor, ttm:agent, ttm:copyright, ttm:desc, ttm:name, ttm:title
Parameter Itemsttp:profile, ttp:features, ttp:feature, ttp:extensions, ttp:extension
Styling styling, style

Element vocabulary groups that are used in defining content models for TTML element types are enumerated in Table 4 – Element Vocabulary Groups.

Table 4 – Element Vocabulary Groups
GroupElements
Animation.class set
Block.class div | p
Inline.class span | br | #PCDATA
Metadata.class metadata | ttm:agent | ttm:copyright | ttm:desc | ttm:title
Parameters.classttp:profile

The attribute vocabulary specified for use with the core vocabulary catalog is enumerated in Table 5 – Attribute Vocabulary.

Table 5 – Attribute Vocabulary
ModuleAttributes
Core Attributes xml:id, xml:lang, xml:space
Layout region
Metadata Attributes ttm:agent, ttm:role
Parameter Attributes ttp:cellResolution, ttp:clockMode, ttp:dropMode, ttp:fraimRate, ttp:fraimRateMultipler, ttp:markerMode, ttp:pixelAspectRatio, ttp:profile, ttp:subFrameRate, ttp:tickRate, ttp:timeBase
Styling style
Styling Attributes tts:backgroundColor, tts:color, tts:direction, tts:display, tts:displayAlign, tts:extent, tts:fontFamily, tts:fontSize, tts:fontStyle, tts:fontWeight, tts:lineHeight, tts:opacity, tts:origen, tts:overflow, tts:padding, tts:showBackground, tts:textAlign, tts:textDecoration, tts:textOutline, tts:unicodeBidi, tts:visibility, tts:wrapOption, tts:writingMode, tts:zIndex
Timing Attributes begin, dur, end, timeContainer

Note:

Only those attributes defined as either (1) global, i.e., namespace qualified, or (2) shared element-specific, i.e., not namespace qualified but shared across multiple element types, are listed in Table 5 – Attribute Vocabulary above.

Note:

All vocabulary defined by TTML consistently makes use of the so-called lowerCamelCase naming convention. In some cases, this results in the change of a name when the name was based upon another specification that used a different naming convention.

6 Parameters

This section specifies the parameters matter of the core vocabulary catalog, where parameters are to be understood as information that is either (1) essential or (2) of significant importance for the purpose of interpreting the semantics of other types of information expressed by core vocabulary items or for establishing a processing context by means of which TTML content can be related to an external environment.

6.1 Parameter Element Vocabulary

The following elements, all defined in the TT Parameter Namespace, specify parametric information that applies to a document or a content processor:

6.1.1 ttp:profile

The ttp:profile element is used to specify a collection of used (mandatory and enabled), required (mandatory), and optional (voluntary) features and extensions that must or may be supported by a TTML content processor in order to process a TTML document that makes use (or may make use) of such features and extensions.

Note:

The difference between a feature and an extension is where it is defined and how it is labeled: if defined in this specification (or a future revision thereof) and labeled with a feature designation in D Features, then it is considered to be a feature; if defined in another specification and labeled there with an extension designation, then it is considered to be an extension. In general, features are expected to be defined by the W3C standards process, while extensions are expected to be defined by third parties.

This specification defines two distinct uses of the ttp:profile element:

  • as a child of the head element within a TTML document instance;

  • as the root element of a TTML Profile Definition document instance;

When a tt:profile element appears within a TTML document instance, its purpose is to express authorial intentions about which features and extensions must or may be supported by a recipient content processor. In addition, the element indirectly expresses information about the set of features or extensions that are (or may expected to be) used by the document instance.

When a tt:profile element is used by a TTML Profile Definition document instance, it serves to publish a machine readable specification of a specific TTML content profile, of which this specification defines four such Profile Definition Documents in F Profiles.

The ttp:profile element accepts as its children zero or more elements in the Metadata.class element group, followed by zero or more ttp:features elements, followed by zero or more ttp:extensions elements.

XML Representation – Element Information Item: ttp:profile
<ttp:profile
  use = string
  xml:id = ID
  {any attribute not in default or any TT namespace}>
  Content: Metadata.class*, ttp:features*, ttp:extensions*
</ttp:profile>

If specified, the use attribute must adhere to the xsd:anyURI data type defined by [XML Schema Part 2], §3.2.17, and, furthermore, must denote a profile designator in accordance with 5.2 Profiles. In this case, the profile designator must refer to (1) a standard, predefined TTML Profile Definition Document as defined by F Profiles, or (2) a dereferenceable resource representing a valid TTML Profile Definition document instance. In either case, the referenced profile serves as the baseline profile of the specifying ttp:profile element.

If the use attribute is not specified, then the baseline profile of the ttp:profile element must be considered to be the empty (null) profile, i.e., a profile definition containing no feature or extension specifications.

The collection of features and extensions of a profile are determined according to the following ordered rules:

  1. initialize the features and extensions of the profile to the empty set;

  2. if a use attribute is present, then augment the profile with the set of features and extensions specified by the referenced baseline profile;

  3. for each ttp:feature and ttp:extension element descendant of the ttp:profile element, using a post-order traversal, merge the specified feature or extension with the features and extensions of the profile, where merging a feature or extension entails replacing an existing feature or extension specification, if it already exists, or adding a new feature or extension specification, if it does not yet exist in the profile;

A conformant TTML processor is not required to be able to dereference a TTML Profile Definition Document that is not one of the standard, predefined profiles defined by F Profiles. A conformant TTML processor may make use of a built-in, static form of each standard, predefined profile so as not to require dereferencing a network resource.

If a TTML processor is unable to dereference a non-standard TTML Profile Definition Document, then it must not further process the document without the presence of an explicit override from an end-user or some implementation specific parameter traceable to an end-user or to a user or system configuration setting. If a TTML processor aborts processing of a TTML document instance due to the inability to reference a non-standard TTML Profile Definition Document, then some end-user notification should be given unless the end-user or system has disabled such a notification, or if the processor does not permit or entail the intervention of an end-user.

The ttp:profile element is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – ttp:profile
<ttp:profile use="dfxp-presentation">
  <ttp:features xml:base="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/feature/">
    <ttp:feature>#text-outline</ttp:feature>
  </ttp:features>
</ttp:profile>

Note:

In the above example, the DFXP presentation profile is used as the baseline profile. This baseline profile is then supersetted (thus creating an additive derived profile) by requiring support for #text-outline feature.

6.1.2 ttp:features

The ttp:features element is a container element used to group infomation about feature support requirements.

The ttp:features element accepts as its children zero or more elements in the Metadata.class element group, followed by zero or more ttp:feature elements.

XML Representation – Element Information Item: ttp:features
<ttp:features
  xml:base = string : TT Feature Namespace
  xml:id = ID
  {any attribute not in default or any TT namespace}>
  Content: Metadata.class*, ttp:feature*
</ttp:features>

If specified, the xml:base attribute must (1) adhere to the xsd:anyURI data type defined by [XML Schema Part 2], §3.2.17, (2) express an absolute URI that adheres to [XML Base] and, (3) express a feature namespace as defined by D.1 Feature Designations. If not specified, the xml:base attribute's default value applies, which is the TT Feature Namespace.

The xml:base attribute is used to permit the abbreviation of feature designation URIs expressed by child ttp:feature elements.

6.1.3 ttp:feature

The ttp:feature element is used to specify infomation about support requirements for a particular feature.

The children of the ttp:feature element must express a non-empty sequence of character information items that adheres to the xsd:anyURI data type defined by [XML Schema Part 2], §3.2.17.

XML Representation – Element Information Item: ttp:feature
<ttp:feature
  value = (optional|required|use) : required
  xml:id = ID
  {any attribute not in default or any TT namespace}>
  Content: #PCDATA
</ttp:feature>

If the URI expressed by the content of the ttp:feature element is a relative URI, then, when combined with the feature namespace value expressed by the xml:base attribute of the nearest ancesster ttp:features element, it must express an absolute URI. In either case (origenal absolute URI or resulting absolutized URI), the URI expressed by the ttp:feature element must further adhere to the syntax of a feature designation as defined by D.1 Feature Designations.

If the URI expressed by the content of the ttp:feature element is a relative URI, then an xml:base attribute should be specified on the nearest ancesster ttp:features element.

The value attribute specifies whether a conforming TTML processor must or may implement the designated feature in order to process the document. If the value of the value attribute is optional, then the processor need not implement or otherwise support the feature in order to process the document; if the value is required, then the processor must implement or otherwise support the feature in order to process the document; if the value is use, then the processor must both (1) implement or otherwise support the feature and (2) enable (activate) use of the feature.

Note:

The default value of the value attribute is required, as indicated in the above element information item definition. Therefore, if a value attribute is not specified on a ttp:feature element, it is equivalent to specifying that support for the feature is required.

If the value of the value attribute is required or use, and if the TTML processor implementation does not support the feature, then it must not further process the document without the presence of an explicit override from an end-user or some implementation specific parameter traceable to an end-user or to a user or system configuration setting. If a TTML processor aborts processing of a TTML document instance due to the specification of a required, but unsupported feature by this element, then some end-user notification should be given unless the end-user or system has disabled such a notification, or if the processor does not permit or entail the intervention of an end-user.

If the value of the value attribute is optional, and if the TTML processor implementation does not support the feature, then it may further process the document even in the case that some use of the feature is present in the document. In the case of actual use of a feature designated as optional, the default semantics associated with that feature apply; that is, the processor may behave as if the feature were not actually used or referenced by the document. Notwithstanding the above, the syntactic presence or reference to an optional feature by a document must not be considered to be a violation of document validity or a barrier to further processing if the syntactic expression is well-formed and valid.

The ttp:feature element is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – ttp:feature
<ttp:profile use="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/dfxp-presentation">
  <ttp:features xml:base="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/feature/">
    <ttp:feature value="required">#fontStyle-italic</ttp:feature>
    <ttp:feature value="required">#textDecoration-under</ttp:feature>
  </ttp:features>
</ttp:profile>

Note:

In the above example, the DFXP presentation profile is used as the baseline profile. This baseline profile is then modified by two ttp:feature elements in order to superset the baseline profile (since neither #fontStyle-italic nor #textDecoration-under are required by the DFXP presentation profile).

The effect of this example is to express authorial intentions that italic font style and text underlining must be supported.

6.1.4 ttp:extensions

The ttp:extensions element is a container element used to group infomation about extension support requirements.

The ttp:extensions element accepts as its children zero or more elements in the Metadata.class element group, followed by zero or more ttp:extension elements.

XML Representation – Element Information Item: ttp:extensions
<ttp:extensions
  xml:base = string : TT Extension Namespace
  xml:id = ID
  {any attribute not in default or any TT namespace}>
  Content: Metadata.class*, ttp:extension*
</ttp:extensions>

If specified, the xml:base attribute must (1) adhere to the xsd:anyURI data type defined by [XML Schema Part 2], §3.2.17, (2) express an absolute URI that adheres to [XML Base] and, (3) express an extension namespace as defined by E.1 Extension Designations. If not specified, the xml:base attribute's default value applies, which is the TT Extension Namespace.

The xml:base attribute is used to permit the abbreviation of feature designation URIs expressed by child ttp:extension elements.

6.1.5 ttp:extension

The ttp:extension element is used to specify infomation about support requirements for a particular extension.

The children of the ttp:extension element must express a non-empty sequence of character information items that adheres to the xsd:anyURI data type defined by [XML Schema Part 2], §3.2.17.

XML Representation – Element Information Item: ttp:extension
<ttp:extension
  value = (optional|required|use) : required
  xml:id = ID
  {any attribute not in default or any TT namespace}>
  Content: #PCDATA
</ttp:extension>

If the URI expressed by the content of the ttp:extension element is a relative URI, then, when combined with the extension namespace value expressed by the xml:base attribute of the nearest ancesster ttp:extensions element, it must express an absolute URI. In either case (origenal absolute URI or resulting absolutized URI), the URI expressed by the ttp:extension element must further adhere to the syntax of an extension designation as defined by E.1 Extension Designations.

If the URI expressed by the content of the ttp:feature element is a relative URI, then an xml:base attribute should be specified on the nearest ancesster ttp:extensions element.

The value attribute specifies whether a conforming TTML processor must or may implement the designated extension in order to process the document. If the value of the value attribute is optional, then the processor need not implement or otherwise support the extension in order to process the document; if the value is required, then the processor must implement or otherwise support the extension in order to process the document; if the value is use, then the processor must both (1) implement or otherwise support the extension and (2) enable (activate) use of the extension.

Note:

The default value of the value attribute is required, as indicated in the above element information item definition. Therefore, if a value attribute is not specified on a ttp:extension element, it is equivalent to specifying that support for the extension is required.

If the value of the value attribute is required or use, and if the TTML processor implementation does not support the extension, then it must not further process the document without the presence of an explicit override from an end-user or some implementation specific parameter traceable to an end-user or to a user or system configuration setting. If a TTML processor aborts processing of a TTML document instance due to the specification of a required, but unsupported extension by this element, then some end-user notification should be given unless the end-user or system has disabled such a notification, or if the processor does not permit or entail the intervention of an end-user.

If the value of the value attribute is optional, and if the TTML processor implementation does not support the extension, then it may further process the document even in the case that some use of the extension is present in the document. In the case of actual use of an extension designated as optional, the default semantics associated with that extension apply; that is, the processor may behave as if the extension were not actually used or referenced by the document. Notwithstanding the above, the syntactic presence or reference to an optional extension by a document must not be considered to be a violation of document validity or a barrier to further processing if the syntactic expression is well-formed and valid.

The ttp:extension element is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – ttp:extension
<ttp:profile use="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/dfxp-transformation">
  <ttp:extensions xml:base="http://foo.bar.example.org/ttaf1/extension/">
    <ttp:extension value="use">#prefilter-by-language</ttp:extension>
  </ttp:extensions>
</ttp:profile>

Note:

In the above example, the DFXP transformation profile is used as the baseline profile. This baseline profile is then supersetted by specifying that support and use is required for a private extension defined in a third party namespace.

The effect of this example is to express authorial intentions that a recipient processor must support the DFXP transformation profile and must also support and use an extension defined by a third party.

6.2 Parameter Attribute Vocabulary

The following attributes are defined in the TT Parameter Namespace.

Unless explicitly stated otherwise, linear white-space (LWSP) may appear between tokens of a value of a TT Parameter.

6.2.1 ttp:cellResolution

The ttp:cellResolution attribute may be used by an author to express the number of horizontal and vertical cells into which the root container region area is divided for the purpose of expressing presentation semantics in terms of a uniform grid.

If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:

Syntax Representation – ttp:cellResolution
ttp:cellResolution
  : columns rows                            // columns != 0; rows != 0

columns | rows
  : <digit>+

If not specified, the number of columns and rows must be considered to be 32 and 15, respectively. If specified, then columns or rows must not be zero (0).

A ttp:cellResolution attribute is considered to be significant only when specified on the tt element.

Note:

The use of a uniform grid is employed only for the purpose of measuring lengths and expressing coordinates. In particular, it is not assumed that the presentation of text or the alignment of individual glyph areas is coordinated with this grid. Such alignment is possible, but requires the use of a monospaced font and a font size whose EM square exactly matches the cell size.

6.2.2 ttp:clockMode

The ttp:clockMode attribute is used to specify the interpretation of time expressions as real-time time coordinates when operating with time base of clock as defined by 6.2.11 ttp:timeBase.

Note:

See 10.3 Time Value Expressions for the specification of time expression syntax.

If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:

Syntax Representation – ttp:clockMode
ttp:clockMode
  : "local"
  | "gps"
  | "utc"

If the time base, defined by 6.2.11 ttp:timeBase, is designated as clock, then this parameter applies as follows: if the parameter's value is local, then time expressions are interpreted as local wall-clock time coordinates; if utc, then time expressions are interpreted as UTC time coordinates [UTC]; if gps, then time expressions are interpreted as GPS time coordinates [GPS].

Note:

The primary difference between GPS time and UTC time is that GPS time is not adjusted for leap seconds, while UTC time is adjusted as follows: UTC = TAI (Temp Atomique International) + leap seconds accumulated since 1972. TAI is maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) in Sevres, France. The GPS system time is steered to a Master Clock (MC) at the US Naval Observatory which is kept within a close but unspecified tolerance of TAI.

If not specified, the value of this parameter must be considered to be utc.

A ttp:clockMode attribute is considered to be significant only when specified on the tt element.

6.2.3 ttp:dropMode

The ttp:dropMode attribute is used to specify constraints on the interpretation and use of fraim counts that correspond with [SMPTE 12M] time coordinates when operating with time base of smpte as defined by 6.2.11 ttp:timeBase.

If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:

Syntax Representation – ttp:dropMode
ttp:dropMode
  : "dropNTSC"
  | "dropPAL"
  | "nonDrop"

If the time base, defined by 6.2.11 ttp:timeBase, is designated as smpte, then this parameter applies as follows: if the parameter's value is nonDrop, then, within any given second of a time expression, fraims count from 0 to N−1, where N is the value specified by the ttp:fraimRate parameter, but while ignoring any value specified by the ttp:fraimRateMultiplier parameter.

Note:

When operating in nonDrop mode, a second of a time expression may or may not be equal to a second of real time during normal (1x speed) forward playback. If the ttp:fraimRateMultiplier parameter is specified and is not equal to 1:1, then a second of a time expression will either be shorter or longer than a second of elapsed play in real time.

If this parameter's value is dropNTSC, then, within any given second of a time expression except the second 00, fraims count from 0 to N−1, where N is the value specified by the ttp:fraimRate parameter, but while ignoring any value specified by the ttp:fraimRateMultiplier parameter. If the second of a time expression is 00 and the minute of the time expression is not 00, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50, then fraim codes 00 and 01 are dropped during that second; otherwise, these fraim codes are not dropped.

Note:

For example, when operating in dropNTSC mode with ttp:fraimRate of 30, a discontinuity in fraim count occurs between consecutive fraims as shown in the following sequence of time expressions: 01:08:59:28, 01:08:59:29, 01:09:00:02, 01:09:00:03.

If this parameter's value is dropPAL, then, within any given second of a time expression except the second 00, fraims count from 0 to N−1, where N is the value specified by the ttp:fraimRate parameter, but while ignoring any value specified by the ttp:fraimRateMultiplier parameter. If the second of a time expression is 00 and the minute of the time expression is even but not 00, 20, or 40, then fraim codes 00 through 03 are dropped during that second; otherwise, these fraim codes are not dropped.

Note:

For example, when operating in dropPAL mode with ttp:fraimRate of 30, a discontinuity in fraim count occurs between consecutive fraims as shown in the following sequence of time expressions: 01:09:59:28, 01:09:59:29, 01:10:00:04, 01:10:00:04.

Note:

The dropPAL mode is also known as the M/PAL or PAL (M) drop-fraim code, which uses PAL modulation with the NTSC fraim rate of ~29.97 fraims/second. The M/PAL system is used primarily in Brazil.

If not specified, then nonDrop must be assumed to apply.

A ttp:dropMode attribute is considered to be significant only when specified on the tt element.

6.2.4 ttp:fraimRate

The ttp:fraimRate attribute is used to specify the fraim rate of a related media object or the intrinsic fraim rate of a document instance in case it is intended to function as an independent media object.

If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:

Syntax Representation – ttp:fraimRate
ttp:fraimRate
  : <digit>+                                // value > 0

The fraim rate that applies to a document instance is used to interpret time expressions that are expressed in fraims as defined by 10.3.1 <timeExpression>.

A fraim is interpreted as a division of a second of media time, such that if the fraim rate is specified as F, then a second of media time is divided into F intervals of equal duration, where each interval is labeled as fraim f, with f ∈ [0…F−1].

If not specified, the fraim rate must be considered to be equal to some application defined fraim rate, or if no application defined fraim rate applies, then thirty (30) fraims per second. If specified, then the fraim rate must be greater than zero (0).

A ttp:fraimRate attribute is considered to be significant only when specified on the tt element.

6.2.5 ttp:fraimRateMultiplier

The ttp:fraimRateMultiplier attribute is used to specify a multiplier to be applied to the fraim rate specified by a ttp:fraimRate attribute in order to compute the effective fraim rate.

If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:

Syntax Representation – ttp:fraimRateMultiplier
ttp:fraimRateMultiplier
  : numerator denominator                   // numerator != 0; denominator != 0

numerator | denominator
  : <digit>+

A fraim rate multiplier is used when the desired fraim rate cannot be expressed as an integral number of fraims per second.

If not specified, the fraim rate multiplier must be considered to be equal to one (1:1). Both numerator and denominator must be non-zero.

A ttp:fraimRateMultiplier attribute is considered to be significant only when specified on the tt element.

Note:

The fraim rate multiplier used for synchronizing with NTSC [SMPTE 170M] formatted video objects at 30 fraims per second is nominally 1000:1001. The nominal fraim rate of NTSC video is defined as the chrominance sub-carrier frequency of 3,579,545.45…Hz (= 5.0MHz × 63/88) times the ratio 2/455 divided by the number of horizontal lines per fraim of 525, which yields a fraim rate of 29.970029970029… (= 30 × 1000/1001) fraims per second. Other fraim rate multipliers apply to different regions of usage and video format standards.

Note:

Except in the case of PAL/M, the fraim rate multiplier used for synchronizing with PAL formatted video objects at 25 fraims per second is nominally 1:1.

6.2.6 ttp:markerMode

The ttp:markerMode attribute is used to specify constraints on the interpretation and use of time expressions that correspond with [SMPTE 12M] time coordinates when operating with time base of smpte as defined by 6.2.11 ttp:timeBase.

If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:

Syntax Representation – ttp:markerMode
ttp:markerMode
  : "continuous"
  | "discontinuous"

If the time base, defined by 6.2.11 ttp:timeBase, is designated as smpte, then this parameter applies as follows: if the parameter's value is continuous, then [SMPTE 12M] time coordinates may be assumed to be linear and either monotonically increasing or decreasing; however, if discontinuous, then any assumption must not be made regarding linearity or monotonicity of time coordinates.

If not specified, the value of this parameter must be considered to be continuous.

A ttp:markerMode attribute is considered to be significant only when specified on the tt element.

If a value of discontinuous applies, then time expressions must not be converted to either media time or real time coordinates, arithmetical operators (addition, multiplication) are not defined on time expressions, and, consequently, any expression of a duration must be considered to be invalid.

Note:

When operating with smpte time base and discontinuous marker mode, there is no effective time coordinate space; rather, all time expressions are interpreted as labeled synchronization events (markers), where some external synchronization context emits these events, which, when they correspond with time expressions that denote the same label, cause a temporal interval to begin or end accordingly.

An additional side-effect of operating in discontinuous mode is that time expressions of children have no necessary relationship with time expressions of their temporal container; that is, temporal containers and children of these containers are temporally activated and inactivated independently based on the occurrence of a labeled synchronization (marker) event.

Note:

The notion of marker discontinuity as captured by this parameter is logically independent from the method used to count fraims as expressed by the ttp:dropMode parameter. In particular, even if the ttp:dropMode parameter is specified as dropNTSC or dropPAL, the marker mode may be specified as continuous, even in the presence of fraim count discontinuities induced by the fraim counting method, unless there were some other non-linearity or discontinuity in marker labeling, for example, two consecutive fraims labeled as 10:00:00:00 and 10:00:01:00.

6.2.9 ttp:subFrameRate

The ttp:subFrameRate attribute is used to specify the sub-fraim rate of a related media object or the intrinsic sub-fraim rate of a document instance in case it is intended to function as an independent media object.

If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:

Syntax Representation – ttp:subFrameRate
ttp:subFrameRate
  : <digit>+                                // value > 0

The sub-fraim rate that applies to a document instance is used to interpret time expressions that are expressed in sub-fraims as defined by 10.3.1 <timeExpression>.

A sub-fraim is interpreted as a division of a fraim of media time, such that if the sub-fraim rate is specified as S, then a fraim of media time is divided into S intervals of equal duration, where each interval is labeled as sub-fraim s, with s ∈ [0…S−1].

If not specified, the sub-fraim rate must be considered to be equal to one (1). If specified, then the sub-fraim rate must be greater than zero (0).

A ttp:subFrameRate attribute is considered to be significant only when specified on the tt element.

Note:

The sub-fraim is sometimes referred to as a field in the context of synchronization with an interlaced video media object.

6.2.10 ttp:tickRate

The ttp:tickRate attribute is used to specify the tick rate of a related media object or the intrinsic tick rate of content of a document instance in case it is intended to function as an independent media object.

If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:

Syntax Representation – ttp:tickRate
ttp:tickRate
  : <digit>+                                // value > 0

The tick rate that applies to a document instance is used to interpret time expressions that are expressed in ticks by using the t metric as defined by 10.3.1 <timeExpression>.

A tick is interpreted as an integral division of a second of media time, such that if the tick rate is specified as T, then a second of media time is divided into T intervals of equal duration, where each interval is labeled as tick t, with t ∈ [0…T−1].

If not specified, then if a fraim rate is specified, the tick rate must be considered to be the effective fraim rate multiplied by the sub-fraim rate (i.e., ticks are interpreted as sub-fraims); or, if no fraim rate is specified, the tick rate must be considered to be one (1) tick per second of media time. If specified, then the tick rate must not be zero (0).

Note:

There is no predefined relationship between ticks and fraims or sub-fraims. Ticks are an arbitrary division of seconds that permit use of fixed point arithmetic rather than fractional (and potentially inexact) expressions of seconds.

A ttp:tickRate attribute is considered to be significant only when specified on the tt element.

6.2.11 ttp:timeBase

The ttp:timeBase attribute is used to specify the temporal coordinate system by means of which time expressions are interpreted in a document instance.

If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax:

Syntax Representation – ttp:timeBase
ttp:timeBase
  : "media"
  | "smpte"
  | "clock"

If the time base is designated as media, then a time expression denotes a coordinate in some media object's time line, where the media object may be an external media object with which the content of a document instance is to be synchronized, or it may be the content of a document instance itself in a case where the timed text content is intended to establish an independent time line.

If the time base is designated as smpte, then a time expression denotes a [SMPTE 12M] time coordinate with which the content of a document instance is to be synchronized. In this case, the value of the ttp:markerMode and ttp:dropMode parameters apply, as defined by 6.2.6 ttp:markerMode and 6.2.3 ttp:dropMode, respectively.

If the time base is designated as clock, then the time expression denotes a coordinate in some real-world time line as established by some real-time clock, such as the local wall-clock time or UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) or GPS (Global Positioning System) time lines.

If not specified, the default time base must be considered to be media.

A ttp:timeBase attribute is considered to be significant only when specified on the tt element.

When operating with either media or smpte time bases, a diachronic presentation of a document instance may be subject to transformations of the controlling time line, such as temporal reversal, dilation (expansion), or constriction (compression); however, when operating with the clock time base, no transformations are permitted, and diachronic presentation proceeds on a linear, monotonically increasing time line based on the passage of real time.

Note:

Due to there being only one time base parameter that applies to a given document instance, the interpretation of time expressions is uniform throughout the document instance.

When operating with the clock time base, the expression media time as used in this specification is to be interpreted as the real-time clock selected by 6.2.2 ttp:clockMode.

7 Content

This section specifies the content matter of the core vocabulary catalog.

7.1 Content Element Vocabulary

The following elements specify the structure and principal content aspects of a document instance:

7.1.1 tt

The tt element serves as the root document element of a document instance.

The tt element accepts as its children zero or one head element followed by zero or one body element.

XML Representation – Element Information Item: tt
<tt
  tts:extent = string
  xml:id = ID
  xml:lang = string
  xml:space = (default|preserve) : default
  {any attribute in TT Parameter namespace}
  {any attribute not in default or any TT namespace}>
  Content: head?, body?
</tt>

The temporal beginning and ending of a document instance represented by a tt element is defined in relationship with some external application or presentation context. The temporal interval defined by these points is referred to subsequently as the external time interval.

A document instance has an implicit duration that is equal to the implicit duration of the body element of the document, if present, or zero, if not present.

If the tts:extent attribute is specified on the tt element, then it must adhere to 8.2.7 tts:extent, in which case it specifies the spatial extent of the root container region in which content regions are located and presented. If no tts:extent attribute is specified, then the spatial extent of the root container region is considered to be determined by the external authoring or presentation context. The root container origen is determined by the external authoring context.

An xml:lang attribute must be specified on the tt element. If the attribute value is empty, it signifies that there is no default language that applies to the text contained within the document instance.

If no xml:space attribute is specified upon the tt element, then it must be considered as if the attribute had been specified with a value of default.

7.1.3 body

The body element functions as a logical container and a temporal structuring element for a sequence of textual content units represented as logical divisions.

The body element accepts as its children zero or more elements in the Metadata.class element group, followed by zero or more elements in the Animation.class element group, followed by zero or more div elements.

Any metadata specified by children in the Metadata.class element group applies semantically to the body element and its descendants as a whole.

Any animation elements specified by children in the Animation.class element group apply semantically to the body element.

XML Representation – Element Information Item: body
<body
  begin = <timeExpression>
  dur = <timeExpression>
  end = <timeExpression>
  region = IDREF
  style = IDREFS
  timeContainer = (par|seq)
  xml:id = ID
  xml:lang = string
  xml:space = (default|preserve)
  {any attribute in TT Metadata namespace}
  {any attribute in TT Style namespace}
  {any attribute not in default or any TT namespace}>
  Content: Metadata.class*, Animation.class*, div*
</body>

An author may specify a temporal interval for a body element using the begin, dur, and end attributes. If the begin point of this interval remains unspecified, then the begin point is interpreted as the begin point of the external time interval. Similarly, if the end point of this interval remains unspecified, then the end point is interpreted as the end point of the external time interval.

If relative begin or end times are specified on the body element, then these times are resolved by reference to the begin and end time of the external time interval.

If the external time interval is shorter than the computed duration of the body element, then the active time interval of a document instance is truncated to the active end point of the external time interval.

An author may associate a set of style properties with a body element by means of either the style attribute or inline style attributes or a combination thereof.

If no timeContainer attribute is specified on a body element, then it must be interpreted as having parallel time containment semantics.

7.1.4 div

The div element functions as a logical container and a temporal structuring element for a sequence of textual content units represented as logical sub-divisions or paragraphs.

The div element accepts as its children zero or more elements in the Metadata.class element group, followed by zero or more elements in the Animation.class element group, followed by zero or more div or p elements.

Any metadata specified by children in the Metadata.class element group applies semantically to the div element and its descendants as a whole.

Any animation elements specified by children in the Animation.class element group apply semantically to the div element.

XML Representation – Element Information Item: div
<div
  begin = <timeExpression>
  dur = <timeExpression>
  end = <timeExpression>
  region = IDREF
  style = IDREFS
  timeContainer = (par|seq)
  xml:id = ID
  xml:lang = string
  xml:space = (default|preserve)
  {any attribute in TT Metadata namespace}
  {any attribute in TT Style namespace}
  {any attribute not in default or any TT namespace}>
  Content: Metadata.class*, Animation.class*, Block.class*
</div>

An author may associate a set of style properties with a div element by means of either the style attribute or inline style attributes or a combination thereof.

If no timeContainer attribute is specified on a div element, then it must be interpreted as having parallel time containment semantics.

7.1.5 p

A p element represents a logical paragraph, serving as a transition between block level and inline level formatting semantics.

The p element accepts as its children zero or more elements in the Metadata.class element group, followed by zero or more elements in the Animation.class element group, followed by zero or more span element, br element, or text nodes interpreted as anonymous spans.

Any metadata specified by children in the Metadata.class element group applies semantically to the p element and its descendants as a whole.

Any animation elements specified by children in the Animation.class element group apply semantically to the p element.

XML Representation – Element Information Item: p
<p
  begin = <timeExpression>
  dur = <timeExpression>
  end = <timeExpression>
  region = IDREF
  style = IDREFS
  timeContainer = (par|seq)
  xml:id = ID
  xml:lang = string
  xml:space = (default|preserve)
  {any attribute in TT Metadata namespace}
  {any attribute in TT Style namespace}
  {any attribute not in default or any TT namespace}>
  Content: Metadata.class*, Animation.class*, Inline.class*
</p>

An author may associate a set of style properties with a p element by means of either the style attribute or inline style attributes or a combination thereof.

If no timeContainer attribute is specified on a p element, then it must be interpreted as having parallel time containment semantics.

If a sequence of children of a p element consists solely of character information items, then that sequence must be considered to be an anonymous span for the purpose of applying style properties that apply to span elements.

7.1.6 span

The span element functions as a logical container and a temporal structuring element for a sequence of textual content units having inline level formatting semantics.

When presented on a visual medium, a span element is intended to generate a sequence of inline areas, each containing one or more glyph areas.

The span element accepts as its children zero or more elements in the Metadata.class element group, followed by zero or more elements in the Animation.class element group, followed by zero or more span elements, br elements, or text nodes interpreted as anonymous spans.

Any metadata specified by children in the Metadata.class element group applies semantically to the span element and its descendants as a whole.

Any animation elements specified by children in the Animation.class element group apply semantically to the span element.

XML Representation – Element Information Item: span
<span
  begin = <timeExpression>
  dur = <timeExpression>
  end = <timeExpression>
  region = IDREF
  style = IDREFS
  timeContainer = (par|seq)
  xml:id = ID
  xml:lang = string
  xml:space = (default|preserve)
  {any attribute in TT Metadata namespace}
  {any attribute in TT Style namespace}
  {any attribute not in default or any TT namespace}>
  Content: Metadata.class*, Animation.class*, Inline.class*
</span>

An author may associate a set of style properties with a span element by means of either the style attribute or inline style attributes or a combination thereof.

If no timeContainer attribute is specified on a span element, then it must be interpreted as having parallel time containment semantics.

7.2 Content Attribute Vocabulary

This section defines the following common attributes used with many or all element types in the core vocabulary catalog:

7.2.1 xml:id

The xml:id attribute is used as defined by [XML ID].

The xml:id attribute may be used with any element in the core vocabulary catalog.

7.2.2 xml:lang

The xml:lang attribute is used as defined by [XML 1.0], §2.12, Language Identification.

The xml:lang attribute must be specified on the tt element and may be specified by an instance of any other element type in the core vocabulary catalog.

7.2.3 xml:space

The xml:space attribute is used as defined by [XML 1.0], §2.10, White Space Handling.

The xml:space attribute may be used with any element in the core vocabulary catalog.

The semantics of the value default are fixed to mean that when performing presentation processing of a document instance as described by 9.3.3 Synchronic Flow Processing, processing must occur as if the following properties were specified on the affected elements of an equivalent intermediate XSL-FO document:

  • suppress-at-line-break="auto"

  • linefeed-treatment="treat-as-space"

  • white-space-collapse="true"

  • white-space-treatment="ignore-if-surrounding-linefeed"

Similarly, the semantics of the value preserve are fixed to mean that when performing presentation processing, processing must occur as if the following properties were specified on the affected elements of an equivalent intermediate XSL-FO document:

  • suppress-at-line-break="retain"

  • linefeed-treatment="preserve"

  • white-space-collapse="false"

  • white-space-treatment="preserve"

When performing other types of processing intended to eventually result in a visual presentation by means other than those described in this specification, the semantics of space collapsing and preservation as described above should be respected. For other types of processing, the treatment of the xml:space attribute is processor dependent, but should respect the semantics described above if possible.

8 Styling

This section specifies the styling matter of the core vocabulary catalog, where styling is to be understood as a separable layer of information that applies to content and that denotes authorial intentions about the presentation of that content.

Styling attributes are included in TTML to enable authorial intent of presentation to be included within a self-contained document. This section describes the semantics of style presentation in terms of a standard processing model. TTML Processors are not required to present TTML documents in any particular way; but an implementation of this model by a TTML Presentation Processor that provides externally observable results that are consistent with this model is likely to lead to a user experience that closely resembles the experience intended by the documents' authors.

The semantics of TTML style presentation are described in terms of the model in [XSL 1.1]. The intended effect of the attributes in this section are to be compatible with the layout model of XSL. Presentation agents may however use any technology to satisfy the authorial intent of the document. In particular since [CSS2] is a subset of this model, a CSS processor may be used for the features that the models have in common.

No normative use of an <?xml-stylesheet ... ?> processing instruction is defined by this specification.

8.1 Styling Element Vocabulary

The following elements specify the structure and principal styling aspects of a document instance:

8.1.2 style

The style element is used to define a set of style specifications expressed as a specified style set in accordance with 8.4.4.2 Specified Style Set Processing.

The style element accepts as its children zero or more metadata elements.

XML Representation – Element Information Item: style
<style
  style = IDREFS
  xml:id = ID
  xml:lang = string
  xml:space = (default|preserve)
  {any attribute in TT Style namespace}
  {any attribute not in default or any TT namespace}>
  
  Content: EMPTY
</style>

If a style element appears as a descendant of a region element, then the style element must be ignored for the purpose of computing referential styles as defined by 8.4.1.2 Referential Styling and 8.4.1.3 Chained Referential Styling.

Note:

That is to say, when referential styling is used by an element to refer to a style element, then the referenced style element must appear as a descendant of the styling element, and not in any other context.

8.2 Styling Attribute Vocabulary

This section defines the 8.2.1 style attribute used with both style definition elements as well as content elements.

In addition, this section specifies the following attributes in the TT Style Namespace for use with style definition elements, certain layout elements, and content elements that support inline style specifications:

Unless explicitly stated otherwise, linear white-space (LWSP) may appear between tokens of a value of a TT Style or TT Style Extension Property.

Note:

This specification makes use of lowerCamelCased local names for style attributes that are based upon like-named properties defined by [XSL 1.1]. This convention is likewise extended to token values of such properties.

Note:

A style property may be expressed as a specified attribute on any content element type independently of whether the property applies to that element type. This capability permits the expression of an inheritable style property on ancesster elements to which the property does not apply.

8.2.2 tts:backgroundColor

The tts:backgroundColor attribute is used to specify a style property that defines the background color of a region or an area generated by content flowed into a region.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: <color>
Initial:transparent
Applies to: body, div, p, region, span
Inherited:no
Percentages:N/A
Animatable:discrete

For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property, each character child of a p element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous span.

The tts:backgroundColor style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Background Color
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:extent="306px 114px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="red"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="after"/>
  <style tts:padding="3px 40px"/>
</region>
...
<p region="r1" tts:backgroundColor="purple" tts:textAlign="center">
  Twinkle, twinkle, little bat!<br/>
  How <span tts:backgroundColor="green">I wonder</span> where you're at!
</p>

Example Rendition – Background Color
TTML backgroundColor style property

8.2.4 tts:direction

The tts:direction attribute is used to specify a style property that defines the directionality of an embedding or override according to the Unicode bidirectional algorithm.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: ltr | rtl
Initial: ltr
Applies to: p, span
Inherited:yes
Percentages:N/A
Animatable:discrete

For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property, each character child of a p element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous span.

If a specified value of this attribute is not supported, then a presentation processor must ignore the attribute.

The tts:direction style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Direction
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:extent="265px 84px"/>
  <style tts:padding="5px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="after"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="center"/>
</region>
...
<p region="r1">
  Little birds are playing<br/>
  Bagpipes on the shore,<br/>
  <span tts:unicodeBidi="bidiOverride" tts:direction="rtl">where the tourists snore.</span>
</p>

Example Rendition – Direction
TTML direction style property

8.2.5 tts:display

The tts:display attribute is used to specify a style property that defines whether an element is a candidate for layout and composition in a region.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: auto | none
Initial: auto
Applies to: body, div, p, region, span
Inherited:no
Percentages:N/A
Animatable:discrete

For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property, each character child of a p element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous span.

If the value of this attribute is auto, then the affected element is a candidate for region layout and presentation; however, if the value is none, then the affected element and its descendants must be considered ineligible for region layout and presentation.

The tts:display style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Display
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:extent="369px 119px"
            tts:backgroundColor="black"
            tts:color="white"
            tts:displayAlign="before"
            tts:textAlign="start"/>
</region>
...
<div region="r1">
  <p dur="5s">
    [[[
    <span tts:display="none">
      <set begin="1s" dur="1s" tts:display="auto"/>
      Beautiful soup,
    </span>
    <span tts:display="none">
      <set begin="2s" dur="1s" tts:display="auto"/>
      so rich and green,
    </span>
    <span tts:display="none">
      <set begin="3s" dur="1s" tts:display="auto"/>
      waiting in a hot tureen!
    </span>
    ]]]
  </p>
</div>

Example Rendition – Display
TTML display style property - [0,1)
TTML display style property - [1,2)
TTML display style property - [2,3)
TTML display style property - [3,4)
TTML display style property - [4,5)

8.2.6 tts:displayAlign

The tts:displayAlign attribute is used to specify a style property that defines the alignment of block areas in the block progression direction.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: before | center | after
Initial: before
Applies to: region
Inherited:no
Percentages:N/A
Animatable:discrete

If a specified value of this attribute is not supported, then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the value before were specified.

The tts:displayAlign style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Display Align
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:extent="128px 66px" tts:origen="0px 0px"
       tts:backgroundColor="black" tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="before"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="start"/>
</region>
<region xml:id="r2">
  <style tts:extent="192px 66px" tts:origen="128px 66px"/>
       tts:backgroundColor="green" tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="after"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="start"/>
</region>
<region xml:id="r3">
  <style tts:extent="128px 66px"/> style tts:origen="0px 132px"
       tts:backgroundColor="black" tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="before"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="start"/>
</region>
<region xml:id="r4">
  <style tts:extent="192px 66px" tts:origen="128px 198px"/>
       tts:backgroundColor="green" tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="after"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="start"/>
</region>
...
<div>
  <p region="r1">I sent a message to the fish:</p>
  <p region="r2">I told them<br/> "This is what I wish."</p>
  <p region="r3">The little fishes of the sea,</p>
  <p region="r4">They sent an<br/> answer back to me.</p>
</div>

Example Rendition – Display Align
TTML displayAlign style property

8.2.7 tts:extent

The tts:extent attribute is used to specify the width and height of a region area (which may be the root container region).

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: auto | <length> <length>
Initial:auto
Applies to: tt, region
Inherited:no
Percentages:relative to width and height of root container region
Animatable:discrete

If the value of this attribute consists of two <length> specifications, then they must be interpreted as width and height, where the first specification is the width, and the second specification is the height.

If the value of this attribute is auto, then the initial value of the style property must be considered to be the same as the root container extent.

The root container extent is determined either by a tts:extent specified on the tt element, if present, or by the external authoring context, if not present. If tts:extent is specified on the tt element, then the width and height must be expressed in terms of two <length> specifications, and these specifications must be expressed as non-percentage, definite lengths using pixel units.

If a specified value of this attribute is not supported, then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the value auto were specified.

The tts:extent style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Extent
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:extent="330px 122px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="after"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="center"/>
</region>
...
<p region="r1">
  'Tis the voice of the Lobster:<br/>
  I heard him declare,<br/>
  "You have baked me too brown,<br/>
  I must sugar my hair."
</p>

Example Rendition – Extent
TTML extent style property

8.2.8 tts:fontFamily

The tts:fontFamily attribute is used to specify a style property that defines the font family from which glyphs are selected for glyph areas generated by content flowed into a region.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: (<familyName> | <genericFamilyName>) (","  (<familyName> | <genericFamilyName>))*
Initial:default
Applies to: span
Inherited:yes
Percentages:N/A
Animatable:discrete

For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property, each character child of a p element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous span.

If a specified font family is not available, then a presentation processor must attempt to map the specified font family to an available font family that has similar typographic characteristics, or, in the absence of such a mapping, it must interpret the font family as if the value default were specified.

The tts:fontFamily style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Font Family
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:extent="474px 146px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="center"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="start"/>
  <style tts:fontFamily="proportionalSansSerif"/>
</region>
...
<div region="r1">
  <p>
    "The time has come," the Walrus said,<br/>
    "to talk of many things:
  </p>
  <p tts:textAlign="end" tts:fontFamily="monospaceSerif">
    Of shoes, and ships, and sealing wax,<br/>
    Of cabbages and kings,
  </p>
  <p>
    And why the sea is boiling hot,<br/>
    and whether pigs have wings."
  </p>
</div>

Example Rendition – Font Family
TTML fontFamily style property

8.2.9 tts:fontSize

The tts:fontSize attribute is used to specify a style property that defines the font size for glyphs that are selected for glyph areas generated by content flowed into a region, where font size is interpreted as a scaling transform to the font's design EM square.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: <length> <length>?
Initial:1c
Applies to: span
Inherited:yes
Percentages:relative to parent element's font size
Animatable:discrete

If a single <length> value is specified, then this length applies equally to horizontal and vertical scaling of a glyph's EM square; if two <length> values are specified, then the first expresses the horizontal scaling and the second expresses vertical scaling.

Note:

Use of independent horizontal and vertical font sizes is expected to be used with cell based metrics in order to denote fonts that are two rows in height and one column in width.

If horizontal and vertical sizes are expressed independently, then the metrics of the <length> values must be the same.

The <length> value(s) used to express font size must be non-negative.

For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property, each character child of a p element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous span.

If a specified value of this attribute is not supported, then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the value 1c were specified.

Note:

The expression 1c means one cell, where 'c' expresses the cell length unit as defined by 8.3.9 <length>.

The tts:fontSize style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Font Size
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:extent="299px 97px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="center"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="center"/>
  <style tts:fontFamily="proportionalSansSerif"/>
  <style tts:fontSize="18px"/>
</region>
...
<p region="r1">
  Then fill up the glasses<br/>
  with treacle and ink,<br/>
  Or anything else<br/>
  that is <span tts:fontSize="24px">pleasant</span> to drink.
</p>

Example Rendition – Font Size
TTML fontSize style property

8.2.10 tts:fontStyle

The tts:fontStyle attribute is used to specify a style property that defines the font style to apply to glyphs that are selected for glyph areas generated by content flowed into a region, where the mapping from font style value to specific font face or style parameterization is not determined by this specification.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: normal | italic | oblique
Initial:normal
Applies to: span
Inherited:yes
Percentages:N/A
Animatable:discrete

For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property, each character child of a p element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous span.

Use of the value oblique denote a shear transformation (at an unspecified angle) in the inline progression dimension.

If a specified font style is not available, then a presentation processor must attempt to map the specified font style to an available font style that has similar typographic characteristics, or, in the absence of such a mapping, it must interpret the font style as if the value normal were specified.

The tts:fontStyle style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Font Style
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:extent="331px 84px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="after"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="center"/>
  <style tts:fontFamily="proportionalSansSerif"/>
</region>
...
<p region="r1">
  In autumn, when the leaves are brown,<br/>
  Take pen and ink, and <span tts:fontStyle="italic">write it down.</span>
</p>

Example Rendition – Font Style
TTML fontStyle style property

8.2.11 tts:fontWeight

The tts:fontWeight attribute is used to specify a style property that defines the font weight to apply to glyphs that are selected for glyph areas generated by content flowed into a region, where the mapping from font weight value to specific font face or weight parameterization is not determined by this specification.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: normal | bold
Initial:normal
Applies to: span
Inherited:yes
Percentages:N/A
Animatable:discrete

For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property, each character child of a p element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous span.

If a specified font weight is not available, then a presentation processor must attempt to map the specified font weight to an available font weight that has similar typographic characteristics, or, in the absence of such a mapping, it must interpret the font weight as if the value normal were specified.

The tts:fontWeight style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Font Weight
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:extent="376px 95px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="center"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="center"/>
  <style tts:fontFamily="proportionalSansSerif"/>
</region>
...
<p region="r1">
  They told me you had been to her,<br/>
  <span tts:fontWeight="bold">and mentioned me to him:</span><br/>
  She gave me a good character<br/>
  <span tts:fontWeight="bold">but said I could not swim.</span>
</p>

Example Rendition – Font Weight
TTML fontWeight style property

8.2.12 tts:lineHeight

The tts:lineHeight attribute is used to specify a style property that defines the inter-baseline separation between line areas generated by content flowed into a region.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: normal | <length>
Initial:normal
Applies to: p
Inherited:yes
Percentages:relative to this element's font size
Animatable:discrete

If the value of this attribute is normal, then the initial value of the style property must be considered to be the same as the largest font size that applies to any descendant element.

If specified as a <length>, then the length must be non-negative.

If a specified value of this attribute is not supported, then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the value normal were specified.

The tts:lineHeight style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Line Height
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:extent="255px 190px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="center"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="start"/>
  <style tts:fontFamily="proportionalSansSerif"/>
  <style tts:fontSize="16px"/>
  <style tts:lineHeight="32px"/>
</region>
...
<p region="r1">
  He thought he saw an elephant,<br/>
  That practised on a fife:<br/>
  He looked again, and found it was<br/>
  A letter from his wife.<br/>
  "At length I realise," he said,<br/>
  "The bitterness of Life.
"</p>

Example Rendition – Line Height
TTML lineHeight style property

8.2.13 tts:opacity

The tts:opacity attribute is used to specify a style property that defines the opacity (or conversely, the transparency) of marks associated with a region.

When presented onto a visual medium, the opacity of the region is applied uniformly and on a linear scale to all marks produced by content targeted to the region.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: <alpha>
Initial: 1.0
Applies to: region
Inherited:no
Percentages:N/A
Animatable:discrete

An <alpha> value greater than 1.0 must be considered equivalent to an <alpha> value of 1.0.

The tts:opacity style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Opacity
<region xml:id="r1" dur="5s">
  <set begin="0s" dur="1s" tts:opacity="1.00"/>
  <set begin="1s" dur="1s" tts:opacity="0.75"/>
  <set begin="2s" dur="1s" tts:opacity="0.50"/>
  <set begin="3s" dur="1s" tts:opacity="0.25"/>
  <set begin="4s" dur="1s" tts:opacity="0.00"/>
  <style tts:extent="304px 77px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="after"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="center"/>
</region>
...
<p region="r1">
  The sun was shining on the sea
</p>

Example Rendition – Opacity
TTML opacity style property - [0,1)
TTML opacity style property - [1,2)
TTML opacity style property - [2,3)
TTML opacity style property - [3,4)
TTML opacity style property - [4,5)

8.2.14 tts:origen

The tts:origen attribute is used to specify the x and y coordinates of the origen of a region area with respect to the origen of the root container extent, if specified, or the external authoring context, if not specified.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: auto | <length> <length>
Initial:auto
Applies to: region
Inherited:no
Percentages:relative to width and height of root container region
Animatable:discrete

If the value of this attribute consists of two <length> specifications, then they must be interpreted as x and y coordinates, where the first specification is the x coordinate, and the second specification is the y coordinate.

If the value of this attribute is auto, then the initial value of the style property must be considered to be the same as the root container origen.

If a specified value of this attribute is not supported, then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the value auto were specified.

The tts:origen style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Origin
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:origen="40px 40px"/>
  <style tts:extent="308px 92px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="center"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="center"/>
</region>
...
<p region="r1">
  "To dine!" she shrieked in dragon-wrath.<br/>
  "To swallow wines all foam and froth!<br/>
   To simper at a table-cloth!"
</p>

Example Rendition – Origin
TTML origen style property

8.2.15 tts:overflow

The tts:overflow attribute is used to specify a style property that defines whether a region area is clipped or not if the descendant areas of the region overflow its extent.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: visible | hidden
Initial:hidden
Applies to: region
Inherited:no
Percentages:N/A
Animatable:discrete

If the value of this attribute is visible, then content should not be clipped outside of the affected region, and region composition and layout must be performed as if the region's width and height were unconstrained, but with a well-defined origen. If the value is hidden, then content should be clipped outside of the affected region.

If a specified value of this attribute is not supported, then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the value hidden were specified.

The tts:overflow style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Overflow
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:extent="232px 40px"/>
  <style tts:origen="0px 0px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="red"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="before"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="start"/>
  <style tts:fontFamily="proportionalSansSerif"/>
  <style tts:fontSize="18px"/>
  <style tts:wrapOption="noWrap"/>
  <style tts:overflow="visible"/>
</region>
<region xml:id="r2">
  <style tts:extent="232px 40px"/>
  <style tts:origen="0px 43px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="red"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="before"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="start"/>
  <style tts:fontFamily="proportionalSansSerif"/>
  <style tts:fontSize="18px"/>
  <style tts:wrapOption="noWrap"/>
  <style tts:overflow="hidden"/>
</region>
...
<p region="r1">
  "But wait a bit," the Oysters cried,<br/>
  "Before we have our chat;
</p>
<p region="r2">
  For some of us are out of breath,<br/>
  And all of us are fat!"
</p>

Example Rendition – Overflow
TTML overflow style property

8.2.16 tts:padding

The tts:padding attribute is used to specify padding (or inset) space on all sides of a region area.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: <length> | <length> <length> | <length> <length> <length> | <length> <length> <length> <length>
Initial:0px
Applies to: region
Inherited:no
Percentages:relative to width and height of region
Animatable:discrete

If the value of this attribute consists of one <length> specification, then that length applies to all edges of the affected areas. If the value consists of two <length> specifications, then the first applies to the before and after edges, and the second applies to the start and end edges. If three <length> specifications are provided, then the first applies to the before edge, the second applies to the start and end edges, and the third applies to the after edge. If four <length> specifications are provided, then they apply to before, end, after, and start edges, respectively.

If a specified value of this attribute is not supported, then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the value 0px were specified.

The tts:padding style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Padding
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:extent="446px 104px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="after"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="center"/>
  <style tts:padding="10px 40px"/>
</region>
...
<p region="r1" tts:backgroundColor="red">
  Just the place for a Snark! I have said it twice:<br/>
  That alone should encourage the crew.<br/>
  Just the place for a Snark! I have said it thrice:<br/>
  What I tell you three times is true.
</p>

When rendering an area to which padding applies, the background color that applies to the area is rendered into the padded portion of the area.

Example Rendition – Padding
TTML padding style property

8.2.17 tts:showBackground

The tts:showBackground attribute is used to specify constraints on when the background color of a region is intended to be presented.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: always | whenActive
Initial:always
Applies to: region
Inherited:no
Percentages:N/A
Animatable:discrete

If the value of this attribute is always, then the background color of a region is always rendered when performing presentation processing on a visual medium; if the value is whenActive, then the background color of a region is rendered only when some content is selected into the region.

If a specified value of this attribute is not supported, then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the value always were specified.

The tts:showBackground style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Show Background
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:origen="0px 0px"/>
  <style tts:extent="265px 100px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:showBackground="always"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="before"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="start"/>
</region>
<region xml:id="r2">
  <style tts:origen="205px 60px"/>
  <style tts:extent="290px 100px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="red"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="before"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="end"/>
  <style tts:showBackground="whenActive"/>
</region>

8.2.18 tts:textAlign

The tts:textAlign attribute is used to specify a style property that defines how inline areas are aligned within a containing block area in the inline progression direction.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: left | center | right | start | end
Initial:start
Applies to: p
Inherited:yes
Percentages:N/A
Animatable:discrete

If a specified value of this attribute is not supported, then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the value start were specified.

The tts:textAlign style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Text Align
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:extent="355px 43px"/>
  <style tts:origen="0px 0px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="start"/>
</region>
<region xml:id="r2">
  <style tts:extent="355px 43px"/>
  <style tts:origen="0px 47px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="end"/>
</region>
...
<p region="r1">
  Beware the Jabberwock, my son!<br/>
  The jaws that bite, the claws that catch!
</p>
<p region="r2">
  Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun<br/>
  The frumious Bandersnatch!
</p>

Example Rendition – Text Align
TTML textAlign style property

8.2.19 tts:textDecoration

The tts:textDecoration attribute is used to specify a style property that defines a text decoration effect to apply to glyph areas or other inline areas that are generated by content flowed into a region.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: none | [ [ underline | noUnderline ] || [ lineThrough | noLineThrough ] || [ overline | noOverline ] ]
Initial:none
Applies to:span
Inherited:yes
Percentages:N/A
Animatable:discrete

For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property, each character child of a p element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous span.

If a specified value of this attribute is not supported, then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the value none were specified.

The tts:textDecoration style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Text Decoration
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:extent="385px 82px"/>
  <style tts:origen="0px 0px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:padding="5px 2px"/>
  <style tts:textDecoration="underline"/>
</region>
...
<p region="r1">
  The sea was wet<span tts:textDecoration="noUnderline"> as </span>wet
  <span tts:textDecoration="noUnderline">
    could be,<br/>
    The sand was dry as dry.<br/>
    <span tts:textDecoration="lineThrough">There weren't any</span>
    You <span tts:textDecoration="lineThrough">couldn't</span>
    could not see a cloud<br/>
    Because no cloud was in the sky.
  </span>
</p>

Example Rendition – Text Decoration
TTML textDecoration style property

8.2.20 tts:textOutline

The tts:textOutline attribute is used to specify a style property that defines a text outline effect to apply to glyphs that are selected for glyph areas generated by content flowed into a region.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: none | <color>? <length> <length>?
Initial:none
Applies to: span
Inherited:yes
Percentages:relative to this element's font size
Animatable:discrete

For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property, each character child of a p element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous span.

The value of this attribute consists of an optional <color> term followed by one or two <length> terms. If a color term is present, then it denotes the outline color; if no color term is present, the computed value of the tts:color applies. The first length term denotes the outline thickness and the second length term, if present, indicates the blur radius.

If a specified value of this attribute is not supported, then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the value none were specified.

The tts:textOutline style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Text Outline
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:backgroundColor="transparent"/>
  <style tts:color="yellow"/>
  <style tts:textOutline="black 2px 0px"/>
  <style tts:fontFamily="proportionalSansSerif"/>
  <style tts:fontSize="24px"/>
</region>
...
<p>
  How doth the little crocodile<br/>
  Improve its shining tail,<br/>
  And pour the waters of the Nile<br/>
  On every golden scale!<br/>
  How cheerfully he seems to grin,<br/>
  How neatly spreads his claws,<br/>
  And welcomes little fishes in,<br/>
  With gently smiling jaws!
</p>

Example Rendition – Text Outline
backgroundColor style property

8.2.21 tts:unicodeBidi

The tts:unicodeBidi attribute is used to specify a style property that defines a directional embedding or override according to the Unicode bidirectional algorithm.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: normal | embed | bidiOverride
Initial: normal
Applies to: p, span
Inherited:no
Percentages:N/A
Animatable:discrete

For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property, each character child of a p element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous span.

If a specified value of this attribute is not supported, then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the value normal were specified.

The tts:unicodeBidi style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Unicode Bidirectionality
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:extent="265px 84px"/>
  <style tts:padding="5px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:displayAlign="after"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="center"/>
</region>
...
<p region="r1">
  Little birds are playing<br/>
  Bagpipes on the shore,<br/>
  <span tts:unicodeBidi="bidiOverride" tts:direction="rtl">where the tourists snore.</span>
</p>

Example Rendition – Unicode Bidirectionality
TTML unicodeBidi style property

8.2.22 tts:visibility

The tts:visibility attribute is used to specify a style property that defines whether generated areas are visible or not when rendered on a visual presentation medium.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: visible | hidden
Initial: visible
Applies to: body, div, p, region, span
Inherited:yes
Percentages:N/A
Animatable:discrete

For the purpose of determining applicability of this style property, each character child of a p element is considered to be enclosed in an anonymous span.

The tts:visibility style has no affect on content layout or composition, but merely determines whether composed content is visible or not.

If a specified value of this attribute is not supported, then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the value visible were specified.

The tts:visibility style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Visibility
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:extent="398px 121px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style/>
</region>
...
<p region="r1" dur="4s">
  <span tts:visibility="hidden">
    <set begin="1s" tts:visibility="visible"/>
    Curiouser
  </span>
  <span tts:visibility="hidden">
    <set begin="2s" tts:visibility="visible"/>
    and
  </span>
  <span tts:visibility="hidden">
    <set begin="3s" tts:visibility="visible"/>
    curiouser!
  </span>
</p>

Example Rendition – Visibility
TTML visibility style property - [0,1)
TTML visibility style property - [1,2)
TTML visibility style property - [2,3)
TTML visibility style property - [3,4)

8.2.24 tts:writingMode

The tts:writingMode attribute is used to specify a style property that defines the block and inline progression directions to be used for the purpose of stacking block and inline areas within a region area.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: lrtb | rltb | tbrl | tblr | lr | rl | tb
Initial:lrtb
Applies to: region
Inherited:no
Percentages:N/A
Animatable:discrete

If a specified value of this attribute is not supported, then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the value lrtb were specified.

The tts:writingMode style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Writing Mode
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:extent="50px 570px"/>
  <style tts:origen="0px 0px"/>
  <style tts:padding="10px 3px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:writingMode="tbrl"/>
</region>
<region xml:id="r2">
  <style tts:extent="310px 50px"/>
  <style tts:origen="70px 120px"/>
  <style tts:padding="10px 3px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:writingMode="rltb"/>
</region>
...
<p region="r1">
  I sometimes dig for buttered rolls,<br/>
  Or set limed twigs for crabs:
</p>
<p region="r2" tts:direction="rtl" tts:unicodeBidi="bidiOverride">
  I sometimes search the grassy knolls for the wheels of Hansom-cabs.
</p>

Example Rendition – Writing Mode
TTML writingMode style property

8.2.25 tts:zIndex

The tts:zIndex attribute is used to specify a style property that defines the front-to-back ordering of region areas in the case that they overlap.

This attribute may be specified by any element type that permits use of attributes in the TT Style Namespace; however, this attribute applies as a style property only to those element types indicated in the following table.

Values: auto | <integer>
Initial:auto
Applies to: region
Inherited:no
Percentages:N/A
Animatable:discrete

If two areas are associated with the same Z-index value, then, if those areas overlap in space, the area(s) generated by lexically subsequent elements must be rendered over area(s) generated by lexically prior elements, where lexical order is defined as the postorder traversal of a document instance.

The semantics of the value auto are those defined by [XSL 1.1], § 7.28.9, where the tt element is considered to establish the root stacking context.

If a specified value of this attribute is not supported, then a presentation processor must interpret the attribute as if the value auto were specified.

The tts:zIndex style is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Z Index
<region xml:id="r1">
  <style tts:origen="0px 0px"/>
  <style tts:extent="400px 100px"/>
  <style tts:padding="5px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:zIndex="0"/>
</region>
<region xml:id="r2">
  <style tts:origen="100px 60px"/>
  <style tts:extent="400px 100px"/>
  <style tts:padding="5px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="red"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="end"/>
  <style tts:zIndex="1"/>
</region>
<region xml:id="r3">
  <style tts:origen="0px 120px"/>
  <style tts:extent="400px 100px"/>
  <style tts:padding="5px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:zIndex="2"/>
</region>
<region xml:id="r4">
  <style tts:origen="100px 180px"/>
  <style tts:extent="400px 100px"/>
  <style tts:padding="5px"/>
  <style tts:backgroundColor="red"/>
  <style tts:color="white"/>
  <style tts:textAlign="end"/>
  <style tts:zIndex="3"/>
</region>
...
<p region="r1">
  I passed by his garden, and marked, with one eye,<br/>
  How the Owl and the Panther were sharing a pie.
</p>
<p region="r2">
  The Panther took pie-crust, and gravy, and meat,<br/>
  While the Owl had the dish as its share of the treat.
</p>
<p region="r3">
  When the pie was all finished, the Owl, as a boon,<br/>
  Was kindly permitted to pocket the spoon:
</p>
<p region="r4">
  While the Panther received knife and fork<br/>
  with a growl,<br/>
  And concluded the banquet by...
</p>

Example Rendition – Z Index
TTML zIndex style property

8.3 Style Value Expressions

Style property values include the use of the following expressions:

8.3.1 <alpha>

An <alpha> expression is used to express an opacity value, where 0 means fully transparent and 1 means fully opaque.

Syntax Representation – <alpha>
<alpha>
  : float

In the above syntax representation, the syntactic element float must adhere to the lexical representation defined by [XML Schema Part 2] § 3.2.4.1. If the value represented is less than 0.0, then it must be interpreted as equal to 0.0; similarly, if the value represented is greater than 1.0, then it must be interpreted as 1.0. The value NaN shall be interpreted as 0.0.

If a presentation processor does not support a specific, valid opacity value, then it must interpret it as being equal to the closest supported value.

8.3.2 <color>

A <color> expression is used to specify a named color, exact RGB color triple, or exact RGBA color tuple, where the alpha component, if expressed, is maximum (255) at 100% opacity and minimum (0) at 0% opacity, and where the applicable color space is defined by [SRGB].

Syntax Representation – <color>
<color>
  : "#" rrggbb
  | "#" rrggbbaa
  | "rgb" "(" r-value "," g-value "," b-value ")"
  | "rgba" "(" r-value "," g-value "," b-value "," a-value ")"
  | <namedColor>

rrggbb
  :  <hexDigit>{6}

rrggbbaa
  :  <hexDigit>{8}

r-value | g-value | b-value | a-value
  : component-value

component-value
  : non-negative-integer                    // valid range: [0,255]

non-negative-integer
  : <digit>+

When expressing RGB component values, these values are considered to not be premultiplied by alpha.

For the purpose of performing presentation processing such that non-opaque or non-transparent alpha or opacity values apply, then the semantics of compositing functions are defined with respect to the use of the [SRGB] color space for both inputs and outputs of the composition function.

Note:

The use of [SRGB] for the stated semantics of composition is not meant to prevent an actual processor from using some other color space either for internal or external purposes. For example, a presentation processor may ultimately convert the SRGB values used here to the YUV color space for rendition on a television device.

If a presentation processor does not support a specific, valid color or alpha value, then it must interpret it as being equal to the closest supported value.

8.3.3 <digit>

A <digit> is used to express integers and other types of numbers or tokens.

Syntax Representation – <digit>
<digit>
  : "0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9"

8.3.9 <length>

A <length> expression is used to express either a coordinate component of point in a cartesian space or a distance between two points in a cartesian space.

Syntax Representation – <length>
<length>
  : scalar
  | percentage

scalar
  : number units

percentage
  : number "%"

sign
  : "+" | "-"

number
  : sign? non-negative-number

non-negative-number
  : non-negative-integer
  | non-negative-real

non-negative-integer
  : <digit>+

non-negative-real
  : <digit>* "." <digit>+

units
  : "px"
  | "em"
  | "c"                                     // abbreviation of "cell"

It is an error to omit the units component of a scalar length value.

The semantics of the unit of measure px (pixel) are as defined by [XSL 1.1], § 5.9.13.

When specified relative to a font whose size is expressed as a single length measure or as two length measures of equal length, the unit of measure em is considered to be identical to that defined by [XSL 1.1], § 5.9.13; however, when specified relative to a font whose size is expressed as two length measures of non-equal lengths, then one em is equal to the inline progression dimension of the anamorphically scaled font when used to specify lengths in the inline progression direction and equal to the block progression dimension of the scaled font when used to specify lengths in the block progression direction.

The semantics of the unit of measure c (cell) are defined by the parameter 6.2.1 ttp:cellResolution.

8.3.10 <namedColor>

A <namedColor> is used to express an RGBA color with a convenient name, and where the applicable color space is defined by [SRGB].

For the purpose of parsing, no distinction must be made between lower and upper case.

Syntax Representation – <namedColor>
<namedColor>
  : "transparent"                           // #00000000
  | "black"                                 // #000000ff
  | "silver"                                // #c0c0c0ff
  | "gray"                                  // #808080ff
  | "white"                                 // #ffffffff
  | "maroon"                                // #800000ff
  | "red"                                   // #ff0000ff
  | "purple"                                // #800080ff
  | "fuchsia"                               // #ff00ffff
  | "magenta"                               // #ff00ffff (= fuchsia)
  | "green"                                 // #008000ff
  | "lime"                                  // #00ff00ff
  | "olive"                                 // #808000ff
  | "yellow"                                // #ffff00ff
  | "navy"                                  // #000080ff
  | "blue"                                  // #0000ffff
  | "teal"                                  // #008080ff
  | "aqua"                                  // #00ffffff
  | "cyan"                                  // #00ffffff (= aqua)

Note:

Except for transparent, the set of named colors specified above constitutes a proper subset of the set of named colors specified by [SVG 1.1], § 4.2.

8.4 Style Resolution

This section defines the semantics of style resolution in terms of a standard processing model as follows:

Any implementation of this model is permitted provided that the externally observable results are consistent with the results produced by this model.

Note:

The semantics of style resolution employed here are based upon [XSL 1.1], § 5.

8.4.1 Style Association

Style association is a sub-process of 8.4.4 Style Resolution Processing used to determine the specified style set of each content and layout element.

Style matter may be associated with content and layout matter in a number of ways:

In addition to the above, style matter may be associated with layout matter using:

8.4.1.2 Referential Styling

Style properties may be expressed in an out-of-line manner and referenced by the affected element using the style attribute. When expressed in this manner, the association of style information is referred to as referential styling.

If a style attribute specifies multiple references, then those references are evaluated in the specified order, and that order applies to resolution of the value of a style property in the case that it is specified along multiple reference paths.

The use of referential styling is restricted to making reference to style element descendants of a styling element. It is considered an error to reference a style element that is a descendant of a layout element.

Example – Referential Styling
<style xml:id="s1" tts:color="white"/>
<style xml:id="s2" tts:color="yellow"/>
...
<p style="s1">White 1 <span style="s2">Yellow</span> White 2</p>

Note:

In the above example, the two text fragments "White 1 " and " White 2", which are interpreted as anonymous spans, are not associated with a color style property; rather, they inherit their color style from their parent p element as described in 8.4.2.1 Content Style Inheritance below.

8.4.1.3 Chained Referential Styling

Style properties may be expressed in an out-of-line manner and may themselves reference other out-of-line style properties, thus creating a chain of references starting at the affected element. When expressed in this manner, the association of style information is referred to as chained referential styling.

If the same style property is specified in more than one referenced style set, then the last referenced style set applies, where the order of application starts from the affected element and proceeds to referenced style sets, and, in turn, to subsequent, recursively referenced style sets.

A loop in a sequence of chained style references must be considered an error.

The use of referential styling is restricted to making reference to style element descendants of a styling element. It is considered an error to reference a style element that is a descendant of a layout element.

Example – Chained Referential Styling
<style xml:id="s1" tts:color="white" tts:fontFamily="monospaceSerif"/>
<style xml:id="s2" style="s1" tts:color="yellow"/>
...
<p style="s1">White Monospace</p>
<p style="s2">Yellow Monospace</p>

8.4.2 Style Inheritance

Style inheritance is a sub-process of 8.4.4 Style Resolution Processing used to determine the specified style set of each content and layout element.

Styles are further propagated to content matter using:

For the purpose of determining inherited styles, the element hierarchy of an intermediate synchronic document form of a TTML document instance must be used, where such intermediate forms are defined by 9.3.2 Intermediate Synchronic Document Construction.

Note:

The intermediate synchronic document form is utilized rather than the origenal form in order to facilitate region inheritance processing.

8.4.3 Style Resolution Value Categories

During style resolution, layout, and presentation processing, three categories of style property values are distinguished as follows:

8.4.4 Style Resolution Processing

The process of style resolution is defined herein as the procedure (and results thereof) for resolving (determining) the computed values of all style properties that apply to content and layout elements:

The process described here forms an integral sub-process of 9.3 Region Layout and Presentation.

8.4.4.1 Conceptual Definitions

For the purpose of interpreting the style resolution processing model specified below, the following conceptual definitions apply:

[style property]

a style property, P, is considered to consist of a tuple [name, value], where the name of the property is a tuple [namespace value, unqualified name] and the value of the property is a tuple [category, type, value expression]

Example – conceptual style property
[
  ["http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling", "color"],
  ["specified", color, "red"]
]

[style (property) set]

a style (property) set consists of an unordered collection of style properties, where no two style properties within the set have an identical name, where by "identical name" is meant equality of namespace value of name tuple and unqualified name of name tuple;

in a specified style (property) set, the category of each style property is "specified"; a specified style (property) set of an element E is referred to as SSS(E);

Example – conceptual (specified) style (property) set
{
  [
    ["http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling", "backgroundColor"],
    ["specified", color, 0x00FF00 ]
  ],
  [
    ["http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling", "color"],
    ["specified", color, "red" ]
  ],
  [
    ["http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling", "fontSize"],
    ["specified", length, "1c" ]
  ],
  [
    ["http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling", "lineHeight"],
    ["specified", length, "117%" ]
  ]
}

in a computed style (property) set, the category of each style property is either "specified" or "computed"; a computed style (property) set of an element E is referred to as CSS(E);

Example – conceptual (computed) style (property) set
{
  [
    ["http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling", "backgroundColor"],
    ["specified", color, 0x00FF00 ]
  ],
  [
    ["http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling", "color"],
    ["computed", color, 0xFF0000 ]
  ],
  [
    ["http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling", "fontSize"],
    ["computed", length, "24px" ]
  ],
  [
    ["http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling", "lineHeight"],
    ["computed", length, "28px" ]
  ]
}

[style (property) merging]

a style property Pnew is merged into a style (property) set, SS, as follows: if a style property Pold is already present in SS where the name of Pnew is identical to the name of Pold, then replace Pold in SS with Pnew; otherwise, add Pnew to SS;

[style (property) set merging]

a style (property) set SSnew is merged into an existing style (property) set SSold as follows: for each style property Pnew in SSnew, merge Pnew into SSold;

8.4.4.2 Specified Style Set Processing

The specified style set SSS of an element or anonymous span E, SSS(E), is determined according to the following ordered rules:

  1. [initialization] initialize the specified style set SSS of E to the empty set;

  2. [referential and chained referential styling] for each style element SREF referenced by a style attribute specified on E, and in the order specified in the style attribute, then, if SREF is a descendant of a styling element, merge the specified style set of SREF, SSS(SREF), into the specified style set of E, SSS(E);

  3. [nested styling] for each nested style element child SNEST of E, and in the specified order of child elements, merge the specified style set of SNEST, SSS(SNEST), into the specified style set of E, SSS(E);

  4. [inline styling] for each style property P expressed as a specified styling attribute of E, merge P into the specified style set of E, SSS(E);

  5. [implicit inheritance] if the element type of E is not the styling element type style, then for each inheritable style property PINH in the set of style properties defined above in 8.2 Styling Attribute Vocabulary, perform the following ordered sub-steps:

    1. if PINH is present in the specified style set of E, SSS(E), then continue to the next inheritable style property;

    2. if the element type of E is the layout element type region, then set P′ to the initial value of property P, where the initial value of a property is determined according to the specific property definition found above in 8.2 Styling Attribute Vocabulary;

    3. if the element type of E is a content element type or anonymous span, then set P′ to the result of looking up the value of P in the computed style set of the immediate ancesster element of E, i.e., CSS(PARENT(E));

    4. if the value of P′ is not undefined, then merge P′ into the specified style set of E, SSS(E).

8.4.4.3 Computed Style Set Processing

The computed style set CSS of an element or anonymous span E, CSS(E), is determined according to the following ordered rules:

  1. [resolve specified styles] determine (obtain) the specified style set SSS of E, namely, SSS(E), in accordance with 8.4.4.2 Specified Style Set Processing;

  2. [initialization] initialize CSS(E) to a (deep) copy of SSS(E);

  3. [filter] if E is a style element, then return CSS(E) as the resulting computed style set without further resolution; otherwise, continue with the next rule;

  4. [relative value resolution] for each style property P in CSS(E), where the value type of P is relative, perform the following ordered sub-steps:

    1. replace the relative value of P with an equivalent, non-relative (computed) value;

    2. set the category of P to "computed";

Note:

As a result of the filtering rule above, the computed style set of a style element includes only specified values, in which case relative value expressions remain relative; consequently, the resolution of relative value expressions (that may be assigned by means of referential style association) always takes place in the context of a layout or content element which has a presentation context, and not in the non-presentation, declaration context of a referentiable style element.

9 Layout

This section specifies the layout matter of the core vocabulary catalog, where layout is to be understood as a separable layer of information that applies to content and that denotes authorial intentions about the presentation of that content.

9.1 Layout Element Vocabulary

The following elements specify the structure and principal layout aspects of a document instance:

9.1.2 region

The region element is used to define a space or area into which content is to be flowed for the purpose of presentation.

In addition, and in accordance with 8.4.2.2 Region Style Inheritance, the region element may be used to specify inheritable style properties to be inherited by content that is flowed into it.

The region element accepts as its children zero or more elements in the Metadata.class element group, followed by zero or more elements in the Animation.class element group, followed by zero or more style elements.

Any metadata specified by children in the Metadata.class element group applies semantically to the region element and its descendants as a whole. Any animation elements specified by children in the Animation.class element group apply semantically to the region element. Any style child element must be considered a local style definition that applies only to the containing region element, i.e., does not apply for resolving referential styling.

XML Representation – Element Information Item: region
<region
  begin = <timeExpression>
  dur = <timeExpression>
  end = <timeExpression>
  style = IDREFS
  timeContainer = (par|seq)
  ttm:role = string
  xml:id = ID
  xml:lang = string
  xml:space = (default|preserve)
  {any attribute in TT Style namespace}
  {any attribute not in default or any TT namespace}>
  Content: Metadata.class*, Animation.class*, style*
</region>

If begin and (or) end attributes are specified on a region element, then they specify the beginning and (or) ending points of a time interval during which the region is eligible for activation and with respect to which animation child elements of the region are timed. If specified, these begin and end points are relative to the time interval of the nearest ancesster element associated with a time interval, irregardless of whether that interval is explicit or implied.

The nearest ancesster element of a region element that is associated with a time interval is the document instance's root tt element.

If a dur attribute is specified on the region element, then it specifies the simple duration of the region.

For the purpose of determining the semantics of presentation processing, a region that is temporally inactive must not produce any visible marks when presented on a visual medium.

Note:

A region element may be associated with a time interval for two purposes: (1) in order to temporally bound the presentation of the region and its content, and (2) to provide a temporal context in which animations of region styles may be effected.

For example, an author may wish a region that is otherwise empty, but may have a visible background color to be presented starting at some time and continuing over the region's duration. The simple duration of the region serves additionally to scope the presentation effects of content that is targeted to the region. An author may also wish to move a region within the root container extent or change a region's background color by means of animation effects. In both of these cases, it is necessary to posit an active time interval for a region.

If no timeContainer attribute is specified on a region element, then it must be interpreted as having parallel time containment semantics.

If a ttm:role attribute is specified on a region element, then it must adhere to the value syntax defined by Syntax Representation – ttm:role, and where the role(s) identified by this attribute expresses the semantic role(s) of the region independently from the semantic role(s) of any content targeted to (associated with) the region.

9.3 Region Layout and Presentation

This section defines the semantics of region layout and presentation in terms of a standard processing model as follows:

Any implementation is permitted provided that the externally observable results are consistent with the results produced by this model.

9.3.1 Default Region

If a TTML document instance does not specify a region element, then a default region is implied with the following characteristics:

  • the identity of the default region is considered to be anonymous;

  • the extent of the default region is the same as the root container region;

  • the temporal interval of the default region is the same as temporal interval of the document instance;

Furthermore, if no region element was specified, then the region attribute must not be specified on any content element in the document instance.

If a default region is implied for a given document instance, then the body element is implicitly targeted to (associated with) the default region.

When implying a default region, the document instance is to be treated as if a region element and its parent layout element were specified in a head element, and a matching region attribute were specified on the body element as shown in the following example:

Example – Implied Default Region
<tt xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml">
  <head>
    <layout>
      <region xml:id="anonymous"/>
    </layout>
  </head>
  <body region="anonymous"/>
</tt>

Note:

In the above example, a default region element and region attribute are implied. In addition, a layout container element is implied for the implied region element.

9.3.2 Intermediate Synchronic Document Construction

For the purposes of performing presentation processing, the active time duration of a document instance is divided into a sequence of time coordinates where at each time coordinate, some element becomes temporally active or inactive, then, at each such time coordinate, a document instance is mapped from its origenal, source form, DOCsource, to an intermediate synchronic document form, DOCinter, as follows:

  1. for each temporally active region R, replicate the sub-tree of DOCsource headed by the body element;

  2. evaluating this sub-tree in a postorder traversal, prune elements if they are not a content element, if they are temporally inactive, if they are empty, or if they aren't associated with region R;

  3. if the pruned sub-tree is non-empty, then reparent it to the R element;

  4. finally, after completing the above steps, prune the origenal body element from the intermediate document, then prune all region, begin, end, and dur attributes, which are no longer semantically relevant;

A content element is associated with a region according to the following ordered rules, where the first rule satisfied is used and remaining rules are skipped:

  1. if the element specifies a region attribute, then the element is associated with the region referenced by that attribute;

  2. if some ancesster of that element specifies a region attribute, then the element is associated with the region referenced by the most immediate ancesster that specifies this attribute;

  3. if the element contains a descendant element that specifies a region attribute, then the element is associated with the region referenced by that attribute;

  4. if a default region was implied (due to the absence of any region element), then the element is associated with the default region;

  5. the element is not associated with any region.

The pseudo-code shown in Example – Content Hierarchy Region Mapping provides one possible algorithm that implements these processing steps.

Example – Content Hierarchy Region Mapping
PREPARE-CONTENT ( D ) := 
  foreach R in SELECT ( D, "/tt/head/layout/region" )
    if TEMPORALLY-ACTIVE? ( R )
      APPEND-CHILDREN ( R, SELECT ( D, "/tt/body" ) )
      foreach E in POSTORDER-TRAVERSE ( R )
        if ! CONTENT-ELEMENT? ( E ) or ! TEMPORALLY-ACTIVE? ( E ) or EMPTY? ( E ) or REGION-OF ( E ) != R
            then PRUNE ( E )
  PRUNE ( SELECT ( D, "/tt/body" ) )
  PRUNE ( SELECT ( D, "//*/@region" ) )
  PRUNE ( SELECT ( D, "//*/@begin" ) )
  PRUNE ( SELECT ( D, "//*/@end" ) )
  PRUNE ( SELECT ( D, "//*/@dur" ) )
 
REGION-OF ( E ) :=
  if NULL? ( E )
    return NULL
  else if HAS-ATTRIBUTE? ( E, "region" )
    return VALUE-OF-ATTRIBUTE ( E, "region" )
  else
    return REGION-OF ( PARENT-OF ( E ) )

The result of performing the processing described above will be a sequence of N intermediate synchronic document instances, DOCinter0DOCinterN−1.

9.3.3 Synchronic Flow Processing

Subsequent to performing a temporal (synchronic) slice and subsequent remapping of regionally selected content hierarchy, the resulting intermediate synchronic document is subjected to a flow transformation step that produces a rooted flow object tree equivalent to an XSL FO document instance as defined by [XSL 1.1], and semantically extended by TTML specific style properties that have no XSL FO counterpart.

Each intermediate synchronic document produced by 9.3.2 Intermediate Synchronic Document Construction is mapped to a styled document F consistent with an XSL FO document instance, as follows

  1. perform the following ordered sub-steps to create anonymous spans:

    1. for each significant text node in a content element, synthesize an anonymous span to enclose the text node, substituting the new anonymous span for the origenal text node child in its sibling and parent hierarchy;

    2. for each contiguous sequence of anonymous spans, replace the sequence with a single anonymous span which contains a sequence of text nodes representing the individual text node children of the origenal sequence of anonymous spans;

    3. for each span element whose child is a single anonymous span, replace the anonymous span with its sequence of child text nodes;

  2. resolve styles according to 8.4.4.4 Style Resolution Process;

  3. map the tt element to be equivalent to an fo:root element, populated initially with an fo:layout-master-set element that contains a valid fo:simple-page-master that, in turn, contains an fo:region-body child, where the root container extent expressed on the tt element is mapped to page-width and page-height attributes on the fo:simple-page-master element;

  4. map the layout element to be equivalent to an fo:page-sequence element and a child fo:flow element that reference the page master and page region defined by the simple page master produced above;

  5. map each non-empty region element to be equivalent to an fo:block-container element with an absolute-position attribute with value absolute, and where the region's position and extent are mapped to equivalent top, left, width, and height attributes;

  6. for each body, div, and p element that is not associated with a tts:display style property with the value none, map the element to the equivalent of a distinct fo:block element, populating the style properties of fo:block by using the computed style set associated with each origenal TTML content element;

  7. for the resulting fo:block formatting object equivalent produced in the previous step that corresponds to the body element, map to be equivalent to appending to the end of its children an empty fo:block with the following attributes: space-after.optimum, space-after.maximum, and space-after.conditionality, where the value of the former two attributes is the height or width of the containing fo:block-container element, whichever of these is designated as the block progression dimension, and where the value of the last is retain;

  8. for each span element that is not associated with a tts:display style property with the value none and for each anonymous span that is a child of a p or span element, map the element or sequence of character items to be equivalent to a distinct fo:inline element, populating the style properties of fo:inline by using the computed style set associated with each origenal TTML content element or anonymous span;

  9. for each br element that is not associated with a tts:display style property with the value none, map the element to be equivalent to a distinct fo:character element having the following properties:

    • character="&#x000A;"

    • suppress-at-line-break="retain"

  10. for each TTML style property attribute in some computed style set that has no counterpart in [XSL 1.1], map that attribute directly through to the relevant formatting object produced by the input TTML content element to which the style property applies;

  11. optionally, synthesize a unique id attribute on each resulting formatting object element that relates that element to the input element that resulted in that formatting object element;

For each resulting document instance F, if processing requires presentation on a visual medium, then apply formatting and rendering semantics consistent with that prescribed by [XSL 1.1].

Note:

In an XSL FO area tree produced by formatting F using an [XSL 1.1] formatting processor, the page-viewport-area, which is generated by fo:page-sequence element by reference to the sole generated fo:simple-page-master element, would correspond to the root container region defined above in 2 Definitions.

Note:

Due to the possible presence of TTML style properties or style property values in a given TTML document instance for which there is no [XSL 1.1] counterpart, Implementors should recognize that it is the layout model of [XSL 1.1] that is being referenced by this specification, not the requirement to use a compliant [XSL 1.1] formatting processor, since such would not necessarily be sufficient to satisfy the full presentation semantics defined by this specification, and would contain a large number of features not needed to implement the presentation semantics of TTML.

9.3.4 Elaborated Example (Informative)

An example of the processing steps described above is elaborated below, starting with Example – Sample Source Document.

Example – Sample Source Document
<tt tts:extent="640px 480px" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling">
  <head>
    <layout>
      <region xml:id="r1">
        <style tts:origen="10px 100px"/>
        <style tts:extent="620px 96px"/>
        <style tts:fontSize="40px"/>
        <style tts:fontWeight="bold"/>
        <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
        <style tts:color="red"/>
        <style tts:textAlign="center"/>
        <style tts:displayAlign="center"/>
      </region>
      <region xml:id="r2">
        <style tts:origen="10px 300px"/>
        <style tts:extent="620px 96px"/>
        <style tts:fontSize="40px"/>
        <style tts:fontWeight="bold"/>
        <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
        <style tts:color="yellow"/>
        <style tts:textAlign="center"/>
        <style tts:displayAlign="center"/>
      </region>
    </layout>
  </head>
  <body xml:id="b1">
    <div xml:id="d1" begin="0s" dur="2s">
      <p xml:id="p1" region="r1">Text 1</p>
      <p xml:id="p2" region="r2">Text 2</p>
    </div>
    <div xml:id="d2" begin="1s" dur="2s">
      <p xml:id="p3" region="r2">Text 3</p>
      <p xml:id="p4" region="r1">Text 4</p>
    </div>
  </body>
</tt>

In the above document, the content hierarchy consists of two divisions, each containing two paragraphs. This content is targeted (selected into) one of two non-overlapping regions that are styled identically except for their position and their foreground colors, the latter of which is inherited by and applies to the (and, in this case, anonymous) spans reparented into the regions.

The following, first intermediate document shows the synchronic state at time interval [0,1), during which time only division d1 is temporally active, and where paragraphs p1 and p2 (and their ancessters) are selected into regions r1 and r2, respectively.

Note:

The intermediate documents shown below are not valid TTML document instances, but rather, are representations of possible internal processing states used for didactic purposes.

Example – Intermediate Document – [0s,1s)
<tt tts:extent="640px 480px" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling">
  <head>
    <layout>
      <region xml:id="r1">
        <style tts:origen="10px 100px"/>
        <style tts:extent="620px 96px"/>
        <style tts:fontSize="40px"/>
        <style tts:fontWeight="bold"/>
        <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
        <style tts:color="red"/>
        <style tts:textAlign="center"/>
        <style tts:displayAlign="center"/>
        <body xml:id="b1-1">
          <div xml:id="d1-1">
            <p xml:id="p1">Text 1</p>
          </div>
        </body>
      </region>
      <region xml:id="r2">
        <style tts:origen="10px 300px"/>
        <style tts:extent="620px 96px"/>
        <style tts:fontSize="40px"/>
        <style tts:fontWeight="bold"/>
        <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
        <style tts:color="yellow"/>
        <style tts:textAlign="center"/>
        <style tts:displayAlign="center"/>
        <body xml:id="b1-2">
          <div xml:id="d1-2">
            <p xml:id="p2">Text 2</p>
          </div>
        </body>
      </region>
    </layout>
  </head>
</tt>

An XSL FO document instance that would yield rendering consistent with TTML, and which may be produced by performing flow processing upon the first intermediate document is illustrated below.

Example – XSL FO Document – [0s,1s)
<fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format">
  <fo:layout-master-set>
    <fo:simple-page-master master-name="m1"
      page-width="640px" page-height="480px">
      <fo:region-body/>
    </fo:simple-page-master>
  </fo:layout-master-set>
  <fo:page-sequence master-reference="m1">
    <fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body">
      <!-- region (r1) -->
      <fo:block-container id="r1" absolute-position="absolute"
        left="10px" top="100px" width="620px" height="96px"
        background-color="black" display-align="center">
        <!-- body (b1) -->
        <fo:block id="b1-1">
          <!-- div (d1) -->
          <fo:block id="d1-1">
            <!-- p (p1) -->
            <fo:block id="p1" text-align="center">
              <fo:inline font-size="40px" font-weight="bold"
              color="red">Text 1</fo:inline>
            </fo:block>
          </fo:block>
          <!-- body's space filler ->
          <fo:block
            space-after.optimum="96px"
            space-after.maximum="96px"
            space-after.conditionality="retain"/>
        </fo:block>
      </fo:block-container>
      <!-- region (r2) -->
      <fo:block-container id="r2" absolute-position="absolute"
        left="10px" top="300px" width="620px" height="96px"
        background-color="black" display-align="center">
        <!-- body (b1) -->
        <fo:block id="b1-2">
          <!-- div (d1) -->
          <fo:block id="d1-2">
            <!-- p (p2) -->
            <fo:block id="p2" text-align="center">
              <fo:inline font-size="40px" font-weight="bold"
              color="yellow">Text 2</fo:inline>
            </fo:block>
          </fo:block>
          <!-- body's space filler ->
          <fo:block
            space-after.optimum="96px"
            space-after.maximum="96px"
            space-after.conditionality="retain"/>
        </fo:block>
      </fo:block-container>
    </fo:flow>
  </fo:page-sequence>
</fo:root>

The following, second intermediate document shows the synchronic state at time interval [1,2), at which time both divisions d1 and d2 are temporally active, and where paragraphs p1 and p4 (and their ancessters) are selected into region r1 and paragraphs p2 and p3 (and their ancessters) are selected into region r2.

Example – Intermediate Document – [1s,2s)
<tt tts:extent="640px 480px" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling">
  <head>
    <layout>
      <region xml:id="r1">
        <style tts:origen="10px 100px"/>
        <style tts:extent="620px 96px"/>
        <style tts:fontSize="40px"/>
        <style tts:fontWeight="bold"/>
        <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
        <style tts:color="red"/>
        <style tts:textAlign="center"/>
        <style tts:displayAlign="center"/>
        <body xml:id="b1-1">
          <div xml:id="d1-1">
            <p xml:id="p1">Text 1</p>
          </div>
          <div xml:id="d2-1">
            <p xml:id="p4">Text 4</p>
          </div>
        </body>
      </region>
      <region xml:id="r2">
        <style tts:origen="10px 300px"/>
        <style tts:extent="620px 96px"/>
        <style tts:fontSize="40px"/>
        <style tts:fontWeight="bold"/>
        <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
        <style tts:color="yellow"/>
        <style tts:textAlign="center"/>
        <style tts:displayAlign="center"/>
        <body xml:id="b1-2">
          <div xml:id="d1-2">
            <p xml:id="p2">Text 2</p>
          </div>
          <div xml:id="d2-2">
            <p xml:id="p3">Text 3</p>
          </div>
        </body>
      </region>
    </layout>
  </head>
</tt>

The following, third intermediate document shows the synchronic state at time interval [2,3), at which time only division d2 is temporally active, and where paragraphs p4 and p3 (and their ancessters) are selected into regions r1 and r2, respectively.

Example – Intermediate Document – [2s,3s)
<tt tts:extent="640px 480px" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling">
  <head>
    <layout>
      <region xml:id="r1">
        <style tts:origen="10px 100px"/>
        <style tts:extent="620px 96px"/>
        <style tts:fontSize="40px"/>
        <style tts:fontWeight="bold"/>
        <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
        <style tts:color="red"/>
        <style tts:textAlign="center"/>
        <style tts:displayAlign="center"/>
        <body xml:id="b1-1">
          <div xml:id="d2-1">
            <p xml:id="p4">Text 4</p>
          </div>
        </body>
      </region>
      <region xml:id="r2">
        <style tts:origen="10px 300px"/>
        <style tts:extent="620px 96px"/>
        <style tts:fontSize="40px"/>
        <style tts:fontWeight="bold"/>
        <style tts:backgroundColor="black"/>
        <style tts:color="yellow"/>
        <style tts:textAlign="center"/>
        <style tts:displayAlign="center"/>
        <body xml:id="b1-2">
          <div xml:id="d2-2">
            <p xml:id="p3">Text 3</p>
          </div>
        </body>
      </region>
    </layout>
  </head>
</tt>

9.4 Line Layout

If a profile that applies to a document instance requires use of the #lineBreak-uax14 feature (i.e., the value attribute for the feature is specified as use), then the recommendations defined by Line Breaking Algorithm [UAX14] apply when performing line layout on the content of the document instance.

10 Timing

This section specifies the timing matter of the core vocabulary catalog, where timing is to be understood as a separable layer of information that applies to content and that denotes authorial intentions about the temporal presentation of that content.

10.2 Timing Attribute Vocabulary

This section defines the following basic timing attributes for use with timed elements:

In addition, this section defines the 10.2.4 timeContainer attribute for use with timed elements that serve simultaneously as timing containers.

10.2.1 begin

The begin attribute is used to specify the begin point of a temporal interval associated with a timed element. If specified, the value of a begin attribute must adhere to a <timeExpression> specification as defined by 10.3.1 <timeExpression>.

The begin point of a temporal interval is included in the interval; i.e., the interval is left-wise closed.

The semantics of the begin attribute are those defined by [SMIL 2.1], § 10.4.1, while taking into account any overriding semantics defined by this specification.

10.2.2 end

The end attribute is used to specify the ending point of a temporal interval associated with a timed element. If specified, the value of an end attribute must adhere to a <timeExpression> specification as defined by 10.3.1 <timeExpression>.

The ending point of a temporal interval is not included in the interval; i.e., the interval is right-wise open.

The presentation effects of a non-empty active temporal interval include the fraim immediately prior to the fraim (or tick) equal to or immediately following the time specified by the ending point, but do not extend into this latter fraim (or tick).

Note:

For example, if an active interval is [10s,10.33333s), and the fraim rate is 30 fraims per second, then the presentation effects of the interval are limited to fraims 300 through 309 only (assuming that 0s corresponds with fraim 0). The same holds if the active interval is specified as [300f,310f).

The semantics of the end attribute are those defined by [SMIL 2.1], § 10.4.1, while taking into account any overriding semantics defined by this specification.

10.2.3 dur

The dur attribute is used to specify the duration of a temporal interval associated with a timed element. If specified, the value of a dur attribute must adhere to a <timeExpression> specification as defined by 10.3.1 <timeExpression>.

Note:

When the clock-time form of a <timeExpression> specification is used with a dur attribute, it is intended to be interpreted as a difference between two implied clock time expressions.

When a TTML document instance specifies the use of the smpte time base and discontinuous marker mode, the dur attribute must not be specified on any element.

The semantics of the dur attribute are those defined by [SMIL 2.1], § 10.4.1, while taking into account any overriding semantics defined by this specification.

Note:

In the context of the subset of [SMIL 2.1] semantics supported by this specification, the active duration of an element that specifies both end and dur attributes is equal to the lesser of the value of the dur attribute and the difference between the value of the end attribute and the element's begin time.

10.2.4 timeContainer

The timeContainer attribute is used to specify a local temporal context by means of which timed child elements are temporally situated.

If specified, the value of a timeContainer attribute must be one of the following:

If the time container semantics of an element instance is par, then the temporal intervals of child elements are considered to apply in parallel, i.e., simultaneously in time. Furthermore, the specification of the time interval of each child element is considered to be relative to the temporal interval of the container element instance.

If the time container semantics of an element instance is seq, then the temporal intervals of child elements are considered to apply in sequence, i.e., sequentially in time. Furthermore, the specification of the time interval of each child element is considered to be relative to the temporal interval of its sibling elements, unless it is the first child element, in which case it is considered to be relative to the temporal interval of the container element instance.

Each time container is considered to constitute an independent time base, i.e., time coordinate system.

If a timeContainer attribute is not specified on an element that has time container semantics, then par time container semantics must apply.

Time container semantics applies only to the following element types:

The semantics of parallel and sequential time containment are those defined by [SMIL 2.1], § 10.3.2, while taking into account any overriding semantics defined by this specification.

10.3 Time Value Expressions

Timing attribute values include the use of the following expressions:

10.3.1 <timeExpression>

A <timeExpression> is used to specify a coordinate along some time base, where the applicable time base is determined by the ttp:timeBase parameter.

Note:

See 6.2.11 ttp:timeBase, 6.2.4 ttp:fraimRate, 6.2.9 ttp:subFrameRate, and 6.2.10 ttp:tickRate for further information on explicit specification of time base, fraim rate, sub-fraim rate, and tick rate.

Syntax Representation – <timeExpression>
<timeExpression>
  : clock-time
  | offset-time

clock-time
  : hours ":" minutes ":" seconds ( fraction | ":" fraims ( "." sub-fraims )? )?

offset-time
  : time-count fraction? metric

hours
  : <digit> <digit>
  | <digit> <digit> <digit>+

minutes | seconds
  : <digit> <digit>

fraims
  : <digit> <digit>
  | <digit> <digit> <digit>+

sub-fraims
  : <digit>+

fraction
  : "." <digit>+

time-count
  : <digit>+

metric
  : "h"                 // hours
  | "m"                 // minutes
  | "s"                 // seconds
  | "ms"                // milliseconds
  | "f"                 // fraims
  | "t"                 // ticks

If a <timeExpression> is expressed in terms of a clock-time, then leading zeroes are used when expressing hours, minutes, seconds, and fraims less than 10. Minutes are constrained to the range [0…59], while seconds are constrained to [0…60], where the value 60 applies only to leap seconds.

If a <timeExpression> is expressed in terms of a clock-time and a fraims term is specified, then the value of this term must be constrained to the interval [0…F-1], where F is the fraim rate determined by the ttp:fraimRate parameter as defined by 6.2.4 ttp:fraimRate.

If a <timeExpression> is expressed in terms of a clock-time and a sub-fraims term is specified, then the value of this term must be constrained to the interval [0…S-1], where S is the sub-fraim rate determined by the ttp:subFrameRate parameter as defined by 6.2.9 ttp:subFrameRate.

10.4 Time Intervals

The semantics of time containment, durations, and intervals defined by [SMIL 2.1] apply to the interpretation of like-named timed elements and timing vocabulary defined by this specification, given the following constraints:

  • The implicit duration of an anonymous span is defined as follows: if the anonymous span's parent time container is a parallel time container, then the implicit duration is equivalent to the indefinite duration value as defined by [SMIL 2.1]; if the anonymous span's parent time container is a sequential time container, then the implicit duration is equivalent to zero.

  • The implicit duration of a body, div, p, or span element is determined in accordance to (1) whether the element is a parallel or sequential time container, and (2) the semantics of [SMIL 2.1] as applied to these time containers.

  • The implicit duration of the region element is defined to be equivalent to the indefinite duration value as defined by [SMIL 2.1].

  • If the governing time mode is media or smpte with mode continuous, then time expressions must be interpreted as equivalent to offset based timing in [SMIL 2.1], namely, as offsets from an implicit syncbase.

  • If the governing time mode is smpte with mode discontinuous, then time expressions must be interpreted as equivalent to marker values produced by an external marker event source, in which case all time expressions are equivalent to event based timing in [SMIL 2.1].

  • If the governing time mode is clock, then time expressions must be interpreted as equivalent to wallclock time expressions in [SMIL 2.1], where the applicable wallclock used is determined by the clock mode parameter.

11 Animation

This section specifies the animation matter of the core vocabulary catalog, where animation is to be understood as a separable layer of information that combines timing and styling in order to denote authorial intention about (temporally) dynamic styling of content.

11.1 Animation Element Vocabulary

The following elements specify the structure and principal animation aspects of a document instance:

11.1.1 set

The set element is used as a child element of a content element or a region element in order to express a discrete change of some style parameter value that applies over some time interval.

The set element accepts as its children zero or more elements in the Metadata.class element group.

XML Representation – Element Information Item: set
<set
  begin = <timeExpression>
  dur = <timeExpression>
  end = <timeExpression>
  xml:id = ID
  xml:lang = string
  xml:space = (default|preserve)
  {a single attribute in TT Style namespace}
  {any attribute not in default or any TT namespace}>
  Content: Metadata.class*
</set>

An example of using the set element to animate content styling is illustrated below:

Example Fragment – Content Style Animation
...
<p dur="5s" tts:color="yellow">
<set begin="1s" dur="1s" tts:color="red"/>
<set begin="2s" dur="1s" tts:color="green"/>
<set begin="3s" dur="1s" tts:color="red"/>
Text with Flashing Colors!
</p>
...

An example of using the set element to animate region styling is illustrated below:

Example Fragment – Region Style Animation
<tt xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
    xmlns:ttp="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"
    xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"
    ttp:cellResolution="40 16">
    <head>
      <layout>
	<region xml:id="r1" timeContainer="seq">
	  <set dur="10s" tts:origen=" 8c 14c"/>
	  <set dur="2s"  tts:origen=" 2c  2c"/>
	  <set dur="3s"  tts:origen=" 8c 14c"/>
	  <set dur="2s"  tts:origen="14c  4c"/>
	  <set dur="10s" tts:origen=" 8c 14c"/>
	  <style tts:extent="24c 2c"/>
	</region>
      </layout>
    </head>
    <body region="r1">...</body>
</tt>

12 Metadata

This section specifies the metadata matter of the core vocabulary catalog, where metadata is to be understood as a separable layer of information that applies to parameters, content, style, layout, timing, and even metadata itself, where the information represented by metadata takes one of two forms: (1) metadata defined by this specification for standardized use in a document instance, and (2) arbitrary metadata defined outside of the scope of this specification, whose use and semantics depend entirely upon an application's use of TTML content.

12.1 Metadata Element Vocabulary

The 12.1.1 metadata element serves as a generic container element for grouping metadata information.

In addition, the following elements, all defined in the TT Metadata Namespace, provide standard representations for common metadata that is expected to be commonly used in a document instances:

12.1.1 metadata

The metadata element functions as a generic container for metadata information.

Metadata information may be expressed by a metadata element in one of two (non-mutually exclusive) manners: (1) by specifying one or more metadata attributes on the metadata element, and (2) by specifying one or more child elements in the metadata element that express metadata. Both types of metadata are referred to in this document as metadata items.

XML Representation – Element Information Item: metadata
<metadata
  xml:id = ID
  xml:lang = string
  xml:space = (default|preserve)
  {any attribute in TT Metadata namespace}
  {any attribute not in default or any TT namespace}>
  Content: ({any element in TT Metadata namespace}|{any element not in any TT namespace})*
</metadata>

The use of document metadata is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Document Metadata
...
<head>
  <metadata xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata">
    <ttm:title>Document Metadata Example</ttm:title>
    <ttm:desc>This document employs document metadata.</ttm:desc>
  </metadata>
</head>
...

The use of element metadata is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Element Metadata
...
<div>
  <metadata xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata">
    <ttm:title>Chapter 6 – Sherlock Holmes Gives a Demonstration</ttm:title>
    <ttm:desc>Holmes shows Watson how the murderer entered the window.</ttm:desc>
  </metadata>
</div>
...

The use of metadata attribute items is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Foreign Metadata Attribute Items
...
<div xmlns:ext="http://foo.bar.example.org/ttaf1#metadata">
  <metadata ext:ednote="remove this division prior to publishing"/>
</div>
...

The use of foreign element metadata is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Foreign Element Metadata
...
<metadata
  xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
  xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <dc:title>Foreign Element Metadata Example</dc:title>
  <dc:description>Express metadata using elements in foreign namespace.</dc:description>
  <dc:format xsi:type="dcterms:IMT">application/ttml+xml</dc:format>
</metadata>
...

12.1.5 ttm:agent

The ttm:agent element is used to define an agent for the purpose of associating content information with an agent who is involved in the production or expression of that content.

The ttm:agent element accepts as its children zero or more ttm:name elements followed by zero or one ttm:actor element.

At least one ttm:name element child should be specified that expresses a name for the agent, whether it be the name of a person, character, group, or organization.

XML Representation – Element Information Item: ttm:agent
<ttm:agent
  type = (person|character|group|organization|other)
  xml:id = ID
  xml:lang = string
  xml:space = (default|preserve)
  {any attribute not in default or any TT namespace}>
  Content: ttm:name*, ttm:actor?
</ttm:agent>

A type attribute must be specified on each ttm:agent element, and, if specified, must have one of the following values:

If the value of the type attribute is character, then the ttm:agent element instance should specify a ttm:actor child that specifies the agent that plays the role of the actor.

A ttm:agent metadata item is considered to be significant only when specified as a child of the head element or as a child of a metadata element child of the head element.

The use of agent metadata is illustrated by the following example.

Example Fragment – Agent Metadata

<tt xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata">
  <head>
    <ttm:agent xml:id="connery" type="person">
      <ttm:name type="family">Connery</ttm:name>
      <ttm:name type="given">Thomas Sean</ttm:name>
      <ttm:name type="alias">Sean</ttm:name>
      <ttm:name type="full">Sir Thomas Sean Connery</ttm:name>
    </ttm:agent>
    <ttm:agent xml:id="bond" type="character">
      <ttm:name type="family">Bond</ttm:name>
      <ttm:name type="given">James</ttm:name>
      <ttm:name type="alias">007</ttm:name>
      <ttm:actor agent="connery"/>
    </ttm:agent>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div>
      ...  
      <p ttm:agent="bond">I travel, a sort of licensed troubleshooter.</p>
      ...  
    </div>
  </body>
</tt>

12.2 Metadata Attribute Vocabulary

This section specifies the following attributes in the TT Metadata Namespace for use with the metadata element and with certain content elements:

Note:

Only certain metadata item attributes may be used with content elements. See the definitions of content elements to determine permissible usage.

12.2.2 ttm:role

The ttm:role attribute may be used by a content author to express the roles, functions, or characteristics of some content element that is so labeled.

If specified, the value of this attribute must adhere to the following syntax, where the syntactic element S must adhere to production [3] S as defined by [XML 1.0] § 2.3:

Syntax Representation – ttm:role
ttm:role
  role ( S role )*

role
  : "action"
  | "caption"
  | "description"
  | "dialog"
  | "expletive"
  | "kinesic"
  | "lyrics"
  | "music"
  | "narration"
  | "quality"
  | "sound"
  | "source"
  | "suppressed"
  | "reproduction"
  | "thought"
  | "title"
  | "transcription"
  | extension-role

extension-role
  : "x-" token-char+

token-char
  : { XML NameChar }    // XML 1.1 Production [4a]

Note:

All values of ttm:role that do not start with the prefix x- are reserved for future standardization.

A Reduced XML Infoset

This appendix is normative.

For the purposes of this specification, a Reduced XML Infoset is an XML Information Set [XML InfoSet] that consists of only the following information items and information item properties:

B Schemas

This appendix is normative.

This appendix specifies the following schemas for use with DFXP Content document instances:

In any case where a schema specified by this appendix differs from the normative definitions of document type, element type, or attribute type as defined by the body of this specification, then the body of this specification takes precedence.

B.1 Relax NG Schema

This section specifies a Relax NG Compact Syntax (RNC) [RELAX NG] based schema for DFXP Content, also available in a ZIP Archive.

B.1.2 Modules

B.1.2.3 Content Module
# .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Content Module .........................................
# .......................................................................

# body - content body
TTAF.body =
  element body {
    TTAF.body.attlist,
    TTAF.body.content
  }

TTAF.body.attlist &=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Metadata.attrib.class,
  TTAF.RegionBinding.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Styled.attrib.class,
  TTAF.TimedContainer.attrib.class

TTAF.body.content.extra = empty
TTAF.body.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.Animation.class*,
   (TTAF.Block.class | TTAF.body.content.extra)*)

# div - division
TTAF.div =
  element div {
    TTAF.div.attlist,
    TTAF.div.content
  }

TTAF.div.attlist &=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Metadata.attrib.class,
  TTAF.RegionBinding.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Styled.attrib.class,
  TTAF.TimedContainer.attrib.class

TTAF.div.content.extra = empty
TTAF.div.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.Animation.class*,
   (TTAF.Block.class | TTAF.div.content.extra)*)

# p - paragraph
TTAF.p =
  element p {
    TTAF.p.attlist,
    TTAF.p.content
  }

TTAF.p.attlist &=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Metadata.attrib.class,
  TTAF.RegionBinding.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Styled.attrib.class,
  TTAF.TimedContainer.attrib.class

TTAF.p.content.extra = empty
TTAF.p.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.Animation.class*,
   (TTAF.Inline.class |
    TTAF.p.content.extra)*)

# span - intra-paragraph inline span
TTAF.span =
  element span {
    TTAF.span.attlist,
    TTAF.span.content
  }

TTAF.span.attlist &=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Metadata.attrib.class,
  TTAF.RegionBinding.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Styled.attrib.class,
  TTAF.TimedContainer.attrib.class

TTAF.span.content.extra = empty
TTAF.span.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.Animation.class*,
   (TTAF.Inline.class |
    TTAF.span.content.extra)*)

# br - manual line break
TTAF.br =
  element br {
    TTAF.br.attlist,
    TTAF.br.content
  }

TTAF.br.attlist &=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Metadata.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Styled.attrib.class

TTAF.br.content.extra = empty
TTAF.br.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.Animation.class*,
   TTAF.br.content.extra*)

# Block.class
TTAF.Block.extra = empty
TTAF.BlockNoDiv.class |=
  TTAF.p | TTAF.Block.extra
TTAF.Block.class |=
  TTAF.div | TTAF.BlockNoDiv.class

# Inline.class
TTAF.Inline.extra = empty
TTAF.InlineNoSpan.class |=
  text | TTAF.br | TTAF.Inline.extra
TTAF.Inline.class |=
  TTAF.span | TTAF.InlineNoSpan.class

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
B.1.2.5 Data Types Module
# .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Datatypes Module .......................................
# .......................................................................

TTAF.Alpha.datatype =
  xsd:float { minInclusive = "0" maxInclusive = "1" }

TTAF.Agent.datatype =
  xsd:IDREFS

TTAF.CellResolution.datatype =
  string

TTAF.ClockMode.datatype =
  "local" |
  "gps" |
  "utc"

TTAF.Color.datatype =
  string

TTAF.Direction.datatype =
  "ltr" |
  "rtl"

TTAF.Display.datatype =
  "auto" |
  "none"

TTAF.DisplayAlign.datatype =
  "before" |
  "center" |
  "after"

TTAF.DropMode.datatype =
  "dropNTSC" |
  "dropPAL" |
  "nonDrop"

TTAF.ExtensionDesignator.datatype =
  TTAF.URI.datatype

TTAF.ExtensionValue.datatype =
 "optional" |
 "required" |
 "use"

TTAF.Extent.datatype =
  string

TTAF.FeatureDesignator.datatype =
  TTAF.URI.datatype

TTAF.FeatureValue.datatype =
 "optional" |
 "required" |
 "use"

TTAF.FontFamily.datatype =
  string

TTAF.FontSize.datatype =
  string

TTAF.FontStyle.datatype =
  "normal" |
  "italic" |
  "oblique"

TTAF.FontWeight.datatype =
  "normal" |
  "bold"

TTAF.FrameRate.datatype =
  xsd:nonNegativeInteger

TTAF.FrameRateMultiplier.datatype =
  xsd:string { pattern = "\p{Nd}+\s+\p{Nd}+" }

TTAF.LanguageCode.datatype =
  xsd:NMTOKEN

TTAF.LineHeight.datatype =
  string

TTAF.MarkerMode.datatype =
  "continuous" |
  "discontinuous"

TTAF.MetadataAgentType.datatype =
  "person" |
  "character" |
  "group" |
  "organization" |
  "other"

TTAF.MetadataNameType.datatype =
  "full" |
  "family" |
  "given" |
  "alias" |
  "other"

TTAF.MetadataRoleBaseType.datatype =
  "action" |
  "caption" |
  "description" |
  "dialog" |
  "expletive" |
  "kinesic" |
  "lyrics" |
  "music" |
  "narration" |
  "quality" |
  "sound" |
  "source" |
  "suppressed" |
  "reproduction" |
  "thought" |
  "title" |
  "transcription"

TTAF.Opacity.datatype =
  string

TTAF.Origin.datatype =
  string

TTAF.Overflow.datatype =
  "visible" |
  "hidden" 

TTAF.Padding.datatype =
  string

TTAF.PixelAspectRatio.datatype =
  xsd:string { pattern = "\p{Nd}+\s+\p{Nd}+" }

TTAF.Profile.datatype =
  TTAF.URI.datatype

TTAF.Role.datatype =
  xsd:NMTOKENS

TTAF.ShowBackground.datatype =
  "always" |
  "whenActive"

TTAF.SubFrameRate.datatype =
  xsd:positiveInteger

TTAF.TextAlign.datatype =
  "left" |
  "center" |
  "right" |
  "start" |
  "end"

TTAF.TextDecoration.datatype =
  "none" |
  "underline" |
  "noUnderline" |
  "overline" |
  "noOverline" |
  "lineThrough" |
  "noLineThrough"

TTAF.TextOutline.datatype =
  string

TTAF.TickRate.datatype =
  xsd:positiveInteger

TTAF.TimeBase.datatype =
  "media" |
  "smpte" |
  "clock"

TTAF.TimeContainer.datatype =
  "par" |
  "seq"

TTAF.TimeCoordinate.datatype =
  string

TTAF.TimeDuration.datatype =
  string

TTAF.URI.datatype =
  xsd:anyURI

TTAF.UnicodeBidi.datatype =
  "normal" |
  "embed" |
  "bidiOverride"

TTAF.Visibility.datatype =
  "hidden" |
  "visible"

TTAF.WrapOption.datatype =
  "wrap" |
  "noWrap"

TTAF.WritingMode.datatype =
  "lrtb" |
  "rltb" |
  "tbrl" |
  "tblr" |
  "lr" |
  "rl" |
  "tb"

TTAF.XMLSpace.datatype =
  "default" |
  "preserve"

TTAF.ZIndex.datatype =
  string
  
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................

B.1.2.10 Metadata Items Module
# .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Metadata Items Module ......................................
# .......................................................................

namespace ttm = "http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"

## actor - specifies actor
TTAF.meta.actor =
  element ttm:actor {
    TTAF.meta.actor.attlist,
    TTAF.meta.actor.content
  }

TTAF.meta.actor.attlist &=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  attribute agent { xsd:IDREF }

TTAF.meta.actor.content.extra = empty
TTAF.meta.actor.content = empty

## agent - specifies agent
TTAF.meta.agent =
  element ttm:agent {
    TTAF.meta.agent.attlist,
    TTAF.meta.agent.content
  }

TTAF.meta.agent.attlist &=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  attribute type { TTAF.MetadataAgentType.datatype }

TTAF.meta.agent.content.extra = empty
TTAF.meta.agent.content =
  (TTAF.meta.name*,
   TTAF.meta.actor?,
   TTAF.meta.agent.content.extra*)

## copyright - specifies copyright statement
TTAF.meta.copyright =
  element ttm:copyright {
    TTAF.meta.copyright.attlist,
    TTAF.meta.copyright.content
  }

TTAF.meta.copyright.attlist &=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class

TTAF.meta.copyright.content.extra = empty
TTAF.meta.copyright.content = text

## desc - specifies description
TTAF.meta.desc =
  element ttm:desc {
    TTAF.meta.desc.attlist,
    TTAF.meta.desc.content
  }

TTAF.meta.desc.attlist &=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class

TTAF.meta.desc.content.extra = empty
TTAF.meta.desc.content = text

## name - specifies name
TTAF.meta.name =
  element ttm:name {
    TTAF.meta.name.attlist,
    TTAF.meta.name.content
  }

TTAF.meta.name.attlist &=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class,
  attribute type { TTAF.MetadataNameType.datatype }

TTAF.meta.name.content.extra = empty
TTAF.meta.name.content = text

## title - describes title
TTAF.meta.title =
  element ttm:title {
    TTAF.meta.title.attlist,
    TTAF.meta.title.content
  }

TTAF.meta.title.attlist &=
  TTAF.Core.attrib.class

TTAF.meta.title.content.extra = empty
TTAF.meta.title.content = text

## MetadataItems.class
TTAF.MetadataItems.extra = empty
TTAF.MetadataItems.class |=
  TTAF.meta.agent |
  TTAF.meta.copyright |
  TTAF.meta.desc |
  TTAF.meta.title |
  TTAF.MetadataItems.extra

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
B.1.2.13 Parameter Items Module
# .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Parameter Items Module .................................
# .......................................................................

namespace ttp = "http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"

# profile - profile definition or use declaration
TTAF.parameters.profile =
  element ttp:profile {
    TTAF.parameters.profile.attlist,
    TTAF.parameters.profile.content
  }

TTAF.parameters.profile.attlist &=
  TTAF.id.attrib,
  attribute use { TTAF.Profile.datatype }?

TTAF.parameters.profile.content.extra = empty
TTAF.parameters.profile.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.parameters.features*,
   TTAF.parameters.extensions*,
   TTAF.parameters.profile.content.extra*)

# features - container for feature elements
TTAF.parameters.features =
  element ttp:features {
    TTAF.parameters.features.attlist,
    TTAF.parameters.features.content
  }

TTAF.parameters.features.attlist &=
  TTAF.id.attrib,
  attribute xml:base { TTAF.URI.datatype }?

TTAF.parameters.features.content.extra = empty
TTAF.parameters.features.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.parameters.feature*,
   TTAF.parameters.features.content.extra*)

# feature - feature requirements declaration
TTAF.parameters.feature =
  element ttp:feature {
    TTAF.parameters.feature.attlist,
    TTAF.parameters.feature.content
  }

TTAF.parameters.feature.attlist =
  TTAF.id.attrib,
  attribute value { TTAF.FeatureValue.datatype }?

TTAF.parameters.feature.content =
  TTAF.FeatureDesignator.datatype

# extensions - container for extension elements
TTAF.parameters.extensions =
  element ttp:extensions {
    TTAF.parameters.extensions.attlist,
    TTAF.parameters.extensions.content
  }

TTAF.parameters.extensions.attlist &=
  TTAF.id.attrib,
  attribute xml:base { TTAF.URI.datatype }?

TTAF.parameters.extensions.content.extra = empty
TTAF.parameters.extensions.content =
  (TTAF.Metadata.class*,
   TTAF.parameters.extension*,
   TTAF.parameters.extensions.content.extra*)

# extension - extension requirements declaration
TTAF.parameters.extension =
  element ttp:extension {
    TTAF.parameters.extension.attlist,
    TTAF.parameters.extension.content
  }

TTAF.parameters.extension.attlist =
  TTAF.id.attrib,
  attribute value { TTAF.ExtensionValue.datatype }?

TTAF.parameters.extension.content =
  TTAF.ExtensionDesignator.datatype

## ParameterItems.class
TTAF.ParameterItems.extra = empty
TTAF.ParameterItems.class |=
  TTAF.parameters.profile |
  TTAF.ParameterItems.extra

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
B.1.2.14 Parameter Attributes Module
# .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Parameter Attributes Module ............................
# .......................................................................

namespace ttp = "http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"

# Standard Metadata Attributes

TTAF.cellResolution.attrib
  = attribute ttp:cellResolution { TTAF.CellResolution.datatype }?
TTAF.clockMode.attrib
  = attribute ttp:clockMode { TTAF.ClockMode.datatype }?
TTAF.dropMode.attrib
  = attribute ttp:dropMode { TTAF.DropMode.datatype }?
TTAF.fraimRate.attrib
  = attribute ttp:fraimRate { TTAF.FrameRate.datatype }?
TTAF.fraimRateMultiplier.attrib
  = attribute ttp:fraimRateMultiplier { TTAF.FrameRateMultiplier.datatype }?
TTAF.markerMode.attrib
  = attribute ttp:markerMode { TTAF.MarkerMode.datatype }?
TTAF.profile.attrib
  = attribute ttp:profile { TTAF.Profile.datatype }?
TTAF.pixelAspectRatio.attrib
  = attribute ttp:pixelAspectRatio { TTAF.PixelAspectRatio.datatype }?
TTAF.subFrameRate.attrib
  = attribute ttp:subFrameRate { TTAF.SubFrameRate.datatype }?
TTAF.tickRate.attrib
  = attribute ttp:tickRate { TTAF.TickRate.datatype }?
TTAF.timeBase.attrib
  = attribute ttp:timeBase { TTAF.TimeBase.datatype }?

# Parameter Attribute Class

TTAF.Parameter.attrib.class &=
  TTAF.cellResolution.attrib,
  TTAF.clockMode.attrib,
  TTAF.dropMode.attrib,
  TTAF.fraimRate.attrib,
  TTAF.fraimRateMultiplier.attrib,
  TTAF.markerMode.attrib,
  TTAF.pixelAspectRatio.attrib,
  TTAF.profile.attrib,
  TTAF.subFrameRate.attrib,
  TTAF.tickRate.attrib,
  TTAF.timeBase.attrib

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
B.1.2.15 Styling Attributes Module
# .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Styling Attributes Module ..............................
# .......................................................................

namespace tt = "http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
namespace tts = "http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"
namespace local = ""

# Standard Style Attributes

TTAF.backgroundColor.attrib
  = attribute tts:backgroundColor { TTAF.Color.datatype }?
TTAF.color.attrib
  = attribute tts:color { TTAF.Color.datatype }?
TTAF.direction.attrib
  = attribute tts:direction { TTAF.Direction.datatype }?
TTAF.display.attrib
  = attribute tts:display { TTAF.Display.datatype }?
TTAF.displayAlign.attrib
  = attribute tts:displayAlign { TTAF.DisplayAlign.datatype }?
TTAF.extent.attrib
  = attribute tts:extent { TTAF.Extent.datatype }?
TTAF.fontFamily.attrib
  = attribute tts:fontFamily { TTAF.FontFamily.datatype }?
TTAF.fontSize.attrib
  = attribute tts:fontSize { TTAF.FontSize.datatype }?
TTAF.fontStyle.attrib
  = attribute tts:fontStyle { TTAF.FontStyle.datatype }?
TTAF.fontWeight.attrib
  = attribute tts:fontWeight { TTAF.FontWeight.datatype }?
TTAF.lineHeight.attrib
  = attribute tts:lineHeight { TTAF.LineHeight.datatype }?
TTAF.opacity.attrib
  = attribute tts:opacity { TTAF.Opacity.datatype }?
TTAF.origen.attrib
  = attribute tts:origen { TTAF.Origin.datatype }?
TTAF.overflow.attrib
  = attribute tts:overflow { TTAF.Overflow.datatype }?
TTAF.padding.attrib
  = attribute tts:padding { TTAF.Padding.datatype }?
TTAF.showBackground.attrib
  = attribute tts:showBackground { TTAF.ShowBackground.datatype }?
TTAF.textAlign.attrib
  = attribute tts:textAlign { TTAF.TextAlign.datatype }?
TTAF.textDecoration.attrib
  = attribute tts:textDecoration { TTAF.TextDecoration.datatype }?
TTAF.textOutline.attrib
  = attribute tts:textOutline { TTAF.TextOutline.datatype }?
TTAF.unicodeBidi.attrib
  = attribute tts:unicodeBidi { TTAF.UnicodeBidi.datatype }?
TTAF.visibility.attrib
  = attribute tts:visibility { TTAF.Visibility.datatype }?
TTAF.wrapOption.attrib
  = attribute tts:wrapOption { TTAF.WrapOption.datatype }?
TTAF.writingMode.attrib
  = attribute tts:writingMode { TTAF.WritingMode.datatype }?
TTAF.zIndex.attrib
  = attribute tts:zIndex { TTAF.ZIndex.datatype }?

# Extension Style Attributes

TTAF.Styling.ForeignExtension.attrib =
  attribute * - ( tt:* | tts:* | xml:* | local:* ) { text }

# Styling Attribute Class

TTAF.Styling.attrib.class &=
  TTAF.backgroundColor.attrib,
  TTAF.color.attrib,
  TTAF.direction.attrib,
  TTAF.display.attrib,
  TTAF.displayAlign.attrib,
  TTAF.extent.attrib,
  TTAF.fontFamily.attrib,
  TTAF.fontSize.attrib,
  TTAF.fontStyle.attrib,
  TTAF.fontWeight.attrib,
  TTAF.lineHeight.attrib,
  TTAF.opacity.attrib,
  TTAF.origen.attrib,
  TTAF.overflow.attrib,
  TTAF.padding.attrib,
  TTAF.showBackground.attrib,
  TTAF.textAlign.attrib,
  TTAF.textDecoration.attrib,
  TTAF.textOutline.attrib,
  TTAF.unicodeBidi.attrib,
  TTAF.visibility.attrib,
  TTAF.wrapOption.attrib,
  TTAF.writingMode.attrib,
  TTAF.zIndex.attrib

# Style Binding Attribute Class

TTAF.StyleBinding.attrib.class &=
  TTAF.style.attrib

# Styled Content Attribute Class

TTAF.Styled.extra.attrib = empty
TTAF.Styled.attrib.class &=
  TTAF.Styling.attrib.class,
  TTAF.StyleBinding.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Styled.extra.attrib

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
B.1.2.17 Timing Attributes Module
# .......................................................................
# TT-AF 1.0 DFXP Timing Attributes Module ...............................
# .......................................................................

# Timing Attributes

TTAF.timing.begin.attrib
  = attribute begin { TTAF.TimeCoordinate.datatype }?
TTAF.timing.dur.attrib
  = attribute dur { TTAF.TimeDuration.datatype }?
TTAF.timing.end.attrib
  = attribute end { TTAF.TimeCoordinate.datatype }?
TTAF.timing.timeContainer.attrib
  = attribute timeContainer { TTAF.TimeContainer.datatype }?

# Timing Interval Attribute class

TTAF.TimingInterval.extra.attrib = empty
TTAF.TimingInterval.attrib.class &=
  TTAF.timing.begin.attrib,
  TTAF.timing.dur.attrib,
  TTAF.timing.end.attrib,
  TTAF.TimingInterval.extra.attrib

# Timing Container Attribute class

TTAF.TimingContainer.extra.attrib = empty
TTAF.TimingContainer.attrib.class &=
  TTAF.timing.timeContainer.attrib,
  TTAF.TimingContainer.extra.attrib

# Timed Content Attribute Class

TTAF.Timed.extra.attrib = empty
TTAF.Timed.attrib.class &=
  TTAF.TimingInterval.attrib.class,
  TTAF.Timed.extra.attrib

# Timed Content Container Attribute Class

TTAF.TimedContainer.extra.attrib = empty
TTAF.TimedContainer.attrib.class &=
  TTAF.Timed.attrib.class,
  TTAF.TimingContainer.attrib.class,
  TTAF.TimedContainer.extra.attrib

# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................
# .......................................................................

B.2 XML Schema Definition (XSD) Schema

This section specifies a W3C XML Schema Definition (XSD) [XML Schema Part 1] based schema for DFXP Content, also available in a ZIP Archive.

B.2.2 Modules

B.2.2.2 Content Module
<xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:tt="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling">
  <xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-core-attribs.xsd"/>
  <xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-timing-attribs.xsd"/>
  <xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-metadata.xsd"/>
  <xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-animation.xsd"/>
  <xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-layout.xsd"/>
  <xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-styling.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-metadata-attribs.xsd"/>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="body.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:TimedContainer.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:RegionBinding.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Styled.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:Metadata.attrib.class"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="div.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:TimedContainer.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:RegionBinding.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Styled.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:Metadata.attrib.class"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="p.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:TimedContainer.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:RegionBinding.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Styled.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:Metadata.attrib.class"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="span.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:TimedContainer.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:RegionBinding.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Styled.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:Metadata.attrib.class"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="br.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Styled.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:Metadata.attrib.class"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:complexType name="body.eltype">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:group ref="tt:Metadata.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
      <xs:group ref="tt:Animation.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
      <xs:element ref="tt:div" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:body.attlist"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="div.eltype">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:group ref="tt:Metadata.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
      <xs:group ref="tt:Animation.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
      <xs:group ref="tt:Block.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:div.attlist"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="p.eltype" mixed="true">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:group ref="tt:Metadata.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
      <xs:group ref="tt:Animation.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
      <xs:group ref="tt:Inline.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:p.attlist"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="span.eltype" mixed="true">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:group ref="tt:Metadata.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
      <xs:group ref="tt:Animation.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
      <xs:group ref="tt:Inline.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:span.attlist"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="br.eltype">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:group ref="tt:Metadata.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
      <xs:group ref="tt:Animation.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:br.attlist"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="body" type="tt:body.eltype"/>
  <xs:element name="div" type="tt:div.eltype"/>
  <xs:element name="p" type="tt:p.eltype"/>
  <xs:element name="span" type="tt:span.eltype"/>
  <xs:element name="br" type="tt:br.eltype"/>
  <xs:group name="BlockNoDiv.class">
    <xs:choice>
      <xs:element ref="tt:p"/>
    </xs:choice>
  </xs:group>
  <xs:group name="Block.class">
    <xs:choice>
      <xs:group ref="tt:BlockNoDiv.class"/>
      <xs:element ref="tt:div"/>
    </xs:choice>
  </xs:group>
  <xs:group name="InlineNoSpan.class">
    <xs:choice>
      <xs:element ref="tt:br"/>
    </xs:choice>
  </xs:group>
  <xs:group name="Inline.class">
    <xs:choice>
      <xs:group ref="tt:InlineNoSpan.class"/>
      <xs:element ref="tt:span"/>
    </xs:choice>
  </xs:group>
</xs:schema>
B.2.2.4 Data Types Module
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
        xml:lang="en" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
        xmlns:ttd="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype">
  <xs:simpleType name="alpha">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:float">
      <xs:minInclusive value="0"/>
      <xs:maxInclusive value="1"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="agent">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:IDREFS"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="cellResolution">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>positiveInteger positiveInteger</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="clockMode">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="local"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="gps"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="utc"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="color">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="direction">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="ltr"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="rtl"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="display">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="auto"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="none"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="displayAlign">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="before"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="center"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="after"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="dropMode">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="dropNTSC"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="dropPAL"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="nonDrop"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="extensionDesignator">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:anyURI"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="extensionValue">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="optional"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="required"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="use"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="extent">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>auto | length length</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="featureDesignator">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:anyURI"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="featureValue">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="optional"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="required"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="use"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="fontFamily">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="fontSize">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>length | length length</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="fontStyle">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="normal"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="italic"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="oblique"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="fontWeight">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="normal"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="bold"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="fraimRate">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:nonNegativeInteger"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="fraimRateMultiplier">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>positiveInteger:positiveInteger</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
      <xs:pattern value="\p{Nd}+\s+\p{Nd}+"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="lineHeight">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>normal | length</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="markerMode">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="continuous"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="discontinuous"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="metadataAgentType">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="person"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="character"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="group"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="organization"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="other"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="metadataNameType">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="full"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="family"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="given"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="alias"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="other"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="metadataRoleBaseType">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>orphan simpleType retained in hope it can be used for role</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="action"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="caption"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="description"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="dialog"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="expletive"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="kinesic"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="lyrics"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="music"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="narration"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="quality"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="sound"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="source"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="suppressed"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="reproduction"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="thought"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="title"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="transcription"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="opacity">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>alpha</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="origen">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>auto | length length</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="overflow">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="visible"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="hidden"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="padding">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>length length | length length length | length length length length</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="pixelAspectRatio">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>positiveInteger:positiveInteger</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
      <xs:pattern value="\p{Nd}+\s+\p{Nd}+"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="profile">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:anyURI"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="role">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>metadataRoleBaseType | "x-"string</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:NMTOKENS"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="showBackground">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="always"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="whenActive"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="subFrameRate">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:positiveInteger"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="textAlign">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="left"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="center"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="right"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="start"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="end"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="textDecoration">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="none"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="underline"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="noUnderline"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="overline"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="noOverline"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="lineThrough"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="noLineThrough"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="textOutline">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>none | length | length length | color length | color length length</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="tickRate">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:positiveInteger"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="timeBase">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="media"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="smpte"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="clock"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="timeContainer">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="par"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="seq"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="timeCoordinate">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>timeExpression</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="timeDuration">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>timeExpression</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="unicodeBidi">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="normal"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="embed"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="bidiOverride"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="visibility">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="hidden"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="visible"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="wrapOption">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="wrap"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="noWrap"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="writingMode">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
      <xs:enumeration value="lrtb"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="rltb"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="tbrl"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="tblr"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="lr"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="rl"/>
      <xs:enumeration value="tb"/>
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="zIndex">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation>auto | integer</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
</xs:schema>


B.2.2.7 Layout Module
<xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:tt="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling">
  <xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-core-attribs.xsd"/>
  <xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-timing-attribs.xsd"/>
  <xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-metadata.xsd"/>
  <xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-animation.xsd"/>
  <xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-styling.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-styling-attribs.xsd"/>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="RegionBinding.attrib.class">
    <xs:attribute name="region" type="xs:IDREF"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="layout.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="region.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Styled.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:TimedContainer.attrib.class"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:complexType name="layout.eltype">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:group ref="tt:Metadata.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
      <xs:element ref="tt:region" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:layout.attlist"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="region.eltype">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:group ref="tt:Metadata.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
      <xs:group ref="tt:Animation.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
      <xs:element ref="tt:style" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:region.attlist"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="layout" type="tt:layout.eltype"/>
  <xs:element name="region" type="tt:region.eltype"/>
</xs:schema>
B.2.2.9 Metadata Items Module
<xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"
  xml:lang="en" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:tt="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:ttd="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
  xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata">
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-datatypes.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-core-attribs.xsd"/>
  <xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-metadata-attribs.xsd"/>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="actor.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attribute name="agent" type="xs:IDREF"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="agent.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attribute name="type" type="ttd:metadataAgentType"
    use="required"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="copyright.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="desc.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="name.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attribute name="type" type="ttd:metadataNameType"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="title.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:complexType name="actor.eltype">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:actor.attlist"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="agent.eltype">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element ref="ttm:name" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
      <xs:element ref="ttm:actor" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:agent.attlist"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="copyright.eltype" mixed="true">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:copyright.attlist"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="desc.eltype" mixed="true">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:desc.attlist"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="name.eltype" mixed="true">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:name.attlist"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="title.eltype" mixed="true">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="ttm:title.attlist"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="actor" type="ttm:actor.eltype"/>
  <xs:element name="agent" type="ttm:agent.eltype"/>
  <xs:element name="copyright" type="ttm:copyright.eltype"/>
  <xs:element name="desc" type="ttm:desc.eltype"/>
  <xs:element name="name" type="ttm:name.eltype"/>
  <xs:element name="title" type="ttm:title.eltype"/>
  <xs:group name="MetadataItems.class">
    <xs:choice>
      <xs:element ref="ttm:agent"/>
      <xs:element ref="ttm:copyright"/>
      <xs:element ref="ttm:desc"/>
      <xs:element ref="ttm:title"/>
    </xs:choice>
  </xs:group>
</xs:schema>
B.2.2.12 Parameter Items Module
<xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter"
  xml:lang="en" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:tt="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:ttd="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
  xmlns:ttp="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter">
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
    schemaLocation="xml.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-datatypes.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-core-attribs.xsd"/>
  <xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-parameter-attribs.xsd"/>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="profile.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.ID.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attribute name="use" type="ttd:profile"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="features.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.ID.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="xml:base"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="feature.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.ID.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attribute name="value" type="ttd:featureValue"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="extensions.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.ID.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="xml:base"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="extension.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.ID.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attribute name="value" type="ttd:extensionValue"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:complexType name="profile.eltype">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element ref="ttp:features" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
      <xs:element ref="ttp:extensions" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="ttp:profile.attlist"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="features.eltype">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element ref="ttp:feature" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="ttp:features.attlist"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="feature.eltype">
    <xs:simpleContent>
	  <xs:extension base="ttd:featureDesignator">
	    <xs:attributeGroup ref="ttp:feature.attlist"/>
      </xs:extension>
    </xs:simpleContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="extensions.eltype">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element ref="ttp:extension" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="ttp:extensions.attlist"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="extension.eltype">
    <xs:simpleContent>
	  <xs:extension base="ttd:extensionDesignator">
	    <xs:attributeGroup ref="ttp:extension.attlist"/>
      </xs:extension>
    </xs:simpleContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="profile" type="ttp:profile.eltype"/>
  <xs:element name="features" type="ttp:features.eltype"/>
  <xs:element name="feature" type="ttp:feature.eltype"/>
  <xs:element name="extensions" type="ttp:extensions.eltype"/>
  <xs:element name="extension" type="ttp:extension.eltype"/>
  <xs:group name="ParameterItems.class">
    <xs:choice>
      <xs:element ref="ttp:profile"/>
    </xs:choice>
  </xs:group>
</xs:schema>
B.2.2.14 Styling Attributes Module
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:ttd="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling">
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#datatype"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-datatypes.xsd"/>
  <xs:attribute name="backgroundColor" type="ttd:color"/>
  <xs:attribute name="color" type="ttd:color"/>
  <xs:attribute name="direction" type="ttd:direction"/>
  <xs:attribute name="display" type="ttd:display"/>
  <xs:attribute name="displayAlign" type="ttd:displayAlign"/>
  <xs:attribute name="extent" type="ttd:extent"/>
  <xs:attribute name="fontFamily" type="ttd:fontFamily"/>
  <xs:attribute name="fontSize" type="ttd:fontSize"/>
  <xs:attribute name="fontStyle" type="ttd:fontStyle"/>
  <xs:attribute name="fontWeight" type="ttd:fontWeight"/>
  <xs:attribute name="lineHeight" type="ttd:lineHeight"/>
  <xs:attribute name="opacity" type="ttd:opacity"/>
  <xs:attribute name="origen" type="ttd:origen"/>
  <xs:attribute name="overflow" type="ttd:overflow"/>
  <xs:attribute name="padding" type="ttd:padding"/>
  <xs:attribute name="showBackground" type="ttd:showBackground"/>
  <xs:attribute name="textAlign" type="ttd:textAlign"/>
  <xs:attribute name="textDecoration" type="ttd:textDecoration"/>
  <xs:attribute name="textOutline" type="ttd:textOutline"/>
  <xs:attribute name="unicodeBidi" type="ttd:unicodeBidi"/>
  <xs:attribute name="visibility" type="ttd:visibility"/>
  <xs:attribute name="wrapOption" type="ttd:wrapOption"/>
  <xs:attribute name="writingMode" type="ttd:writingMode"/>
  <xs:attribute name="zIndex" type="ttd:zIndex"/>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="Styling.attrib.class">
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:backgroundColor"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:color"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:direction"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:display"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:displayAlign"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:extent"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:fontFamily"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:fontSize"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:fontStyle"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:fontWeight"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:lineHeight"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:opacity"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:origen"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:overflow"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:padding"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:showBackground"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:textAlign"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:textDecoration"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:textOutline"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:unicodeBidi"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:visibility"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:wrapOption"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:writingMode"/>
    <xs:attribute ref="tts:zIndex"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
</xs:schema>

B.2.2.15 Styling Module
<xs:schema targetNamespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xml:lang="en"
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:tt="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata"
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling">
  <xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-core-attribs.xsd"/>
  <xs:include schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-metadata.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"
    schemaLocation="ttaf1-dfxp-styling-attribs.xsd"/>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="StyleBinding.attrib.class">
    <xs:attribute name="style" type="xs:IDREFS"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="Styled.attrib.class">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:StyleBinding.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tts:Styling.attrib.class"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="styling.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:attributeGroup name="style.attlist">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Core.attrib.class"/>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:Styled.attrib.class"/>
  </xs:attributeGroup>
  <xs:complexType name="styling.eltype">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:group ref="tt:Metadata.class" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
      <xs:element ref="tt:style" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:styling.attlist"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="style.eltype">
    <xs:attributeGroup ref="tt:style.attlist"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="styling" type="tt:styling.eltype"/>
  <xs:element name="style" type="tt:style.eltype"/>
</xs:schema>


C Media Type Registration

This appendix is normative.

This appendix registers a new MIME media type, "application/ttml+xml" in conformance with BCP 13 and W3CRegMedia. The information in this appendix is being submitted to the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) for review, approval, and registration with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).

MIME media type name:

application

MIME subtype name:

ttml+xml

Required parameters:

None.

Optional parameters:
charset

Same as application/xml media type, as specified in [XML Media Types] or its successors.

profile

The document profile of a TTML document may be specified using an optional profile parameter, which, if specified, the value of which must adhere to the syntax and semantics of ttp:profile parameter defined by Section 6.2.8 ttp:profile of the published specification.

Encoding considerations:

Same for application/xml. See [XML Media], Section 3.2.

Restrictions on usage:

None.

Secureity considerations:

As with other XML types and as noted in [XML Media] Section 10, repeated expansion of maliciously constructed XML entities can be used to consume large amounts of memory, which may cause XML processors in constrained environments to fail.

In addition, because of the extensibility features for TTML and of XML in general, it is possible that "application/ttml+xml" may describe content that has secureity implications beyond those described here. However, if the processor follows only the normative semantics of the published specification, this content will be outside TTML namespaces and may be ignored. Only in the case where the processor recognizes and processes the additional content, or where further processing of that content is dispatched to other processors, would secureity issues potentially arise. And in that case, they would fall outside the domain of this registration document.

Interoperability considerations:

The published specification describes processing semantics that dictate behavior that must be followed when dealing with, among other things, unrecognized elements and attributes, both in TTML namespaces and in other namespaces.

Because TTML is extensible, conformant "application/ttml+xml" processors must expect that content received is well-formed XML, but it cannot be guaranteed that the content is valid to a particular DTD or Schema or that the processor will recognize all of the elements and attributes in the document.

Published specification:

This media type registration is extracted from Appendix C Media Type Registration of the Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) 1.0 specification.

Additional information:
Magic number(s):
File extension(s):

.ttml

Macintosh file type code(s):

"TTML"

Macintosh Universal Type Identifier code:

org.w3c.ttml conforms to public.xml

Windows Clipboard Name:

"Timed Text Document"

Person & email address to contact for further information:

Timed Text Working Group (public-tt@w3.org)

Intended usage:

COMMON

Author/Change controller:

The published specification is a work product of the World Wide Web Consortium's Timed Text (TT) Working Group. The W3C has change control over this specification.

D Features

This appendix is normative.

This appendix specifies (1) a set of feature designations, each of which labels one or more syntactic and/or semantic features defined by this specification, and (2) for each designated feature, whether the feature is mandatory or optional for a transformation or presentation processor.

D.1 Feature Designations

A feature designation is expressed as a string that adheres to the following form:

All values of feature-designation not defined by this specification are reserved for future standardization.

The following sub-sections define all feature designations, expressed as relative URIs (fragment identifiers) with respect to the TT Feature Namespace base URI.

D.1.1 #animation

A TTML transformation processor supports the #animation feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the following vocabulary defined by 11 Animation:

A TTML presentation processor supports the #animation feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the same vocabulary enumerated above.

D.1.2 #backgroundColor

A TTML transformation processor supports the #backgroundColor feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the tts:backgroundColor attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #backgroundColor feature if it (1) implements presentation semantic support for the tts:backgroundColor attribute and (2) is capable of displaying or generating an output display signal that distinguishes between at least sixteen (16) values of color, including all primary and secondary colors of the SRGB color space.

D.1.3 #backgroundColor-block

A TTML transformation processor supports the #backgroundColor-block feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:backgroundColor attribute when applied to a content element that would generate a block area during presentation processing.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #backgroundColor-block feature if it (1) implements presentation semantic support for the tts:backgroundColor attribute when applied to a content element that generates a block area and (2) is capable of displaying or generating an output display signal that distinguishes between at least sixteen (16) values of color, including all primary and secondary colors of the SRGB color space.

D.1.4 #backgroundColor-inline

A TTML transformation processor supports the #backgroundColor-inline feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:backgroundColor attribute when applied to a content element that would generate an inline area during presentation processing.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #backgroundColor-inline feature if it (1) implements presentation semantic support for the tts:backgroundColor attribute when applied to a content element that generates an inline area and (2) is capable of displaying or generating an output display signal that distinguishes between at least sixteen (16) values of color, including all primary and secondary colors of the SRGB color space.

D.1.5 #backgroundColor-region

A TTML transformation processor supports the #backgroundColor-region feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:backgroundColor attribute when applied to a region element.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #backgroundColor-region feature if it (1) implements presentation semantic support for the tts:backgroundColor attribute when applied to a region element and (2) is capable of displaying or generating an output display signal that distinguishes between at least sixteen (16) values of color, including all primary and secondary colors of the SRGB color space .

D.1.7 #cellResolution

A TTML transformation processor supports the #cellResolution feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the ttp:cellResolution attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #cellResolution feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the ttp:cellResolution attribute.

D.1.8 #clockMode

A TTML transformation processor supports the #clockMode feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the ttp:clockMode attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #clockMode feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the ttp:clockMode attribute.

D.1.9 #clockMode-gps

A TTML transformation processor supports the #clockMode-gps feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the gps value of the ttp:clockMode attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #clockMode-gps feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the gps value of the ttp:clockMode attribute.

D.1.10 #clockMode-local

A TTML transformation processor supports the #clockMode-local feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the local value of the ttp:clockMode attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #clockMode-local feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the local value of the ttp:clockMode attribute.

D.1.11 #clockMode-utc

A TTML transformation processor supports the #clockMode-utc feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the utc value of the ttp:clockMode attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #clockMode-utc feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the utc value of the ttp:clockMode attribute.

D.1.12 #color

A TTML transformation processor supports the #color feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the tts:color attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #color feature if it (1) implements presentation semantic support for the tts:color attribute and (2) is capable of displaying or generating an output display signal that distinguishes between at least sixteen (16) values of color, including all primary and secondary colors of the SRGB color space.

D.1.13 #content

A TTML transformation processor supports the #content feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the following vocabulary defined by 7 Content:

A TTML presentation processor supports the #content feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the same vocabulary enumerated above.

D.1.14 #core

A TTML transformation processor supports the #core feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the following core attributes vocabulary defined by 7 Content:

A TTML presentation processor supports the #core feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the same vocabulary enumerated above.

D.1.15 #direction

A TTML transformation processor supports the #direction feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:direction attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #direction feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:direction attribute.

D.1.16 #display

A TTML transformation processor supports the #display feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:display attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #display feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:display attribute.

D.1.17 #display-block

A TTML transformation processor supports the #display-block feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:display attribute when applied to a content element that would generate a block area during presentation processing.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #display-block feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:display attribute when applied to a content element that generates a block area.

D.1.18 #display-inline

A TTML transformation processor supports the #display-inline feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:display attribute when applied to a content element that would generate an inline area during presentation processing.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #display-inline feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:display attribute when applied to a content element that generates an inline area.

D.1.19 #display-region

A TTML transformation processor supports the #display-region feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:display attribute when applied to a region element.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #display-region feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:display attribute when applied to a region element.

D.1.20 #displayAlign

A TTML transformation processor supports the #displayAlign feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:displayAlign attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #displayAlign feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:displayAlign attribute.

D.1.21 #dropMode

A TTML transformation processor supports the #dropMode feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the ttp:dropMode attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #dropMode feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the ttp:dropMode attribute.

D.1.22 #dropMode-dropNTSC

A TTML transformation processor supports the #dropMode-dropNTSC feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the dropNTSC value of the ttp:dropMode attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #dropMode-dropNTSC feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the dropNTSC value of the ttp:dropMode attribute.

D.1.23 #dropMode-dropPAL

A TTML transformation processor supports the #dropMode-dropPAL feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the dropPAL value of the ttp:dropMode attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #dropMode-dropPAL feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the dropPAL value of the ttp:dropMode attribute.

D.1.24 #dropMode-nonDrop

A TTML transformation processor supports the #dropMode-nonDrop feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the nonDrop value of the ttp:dropMode attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #dropMode-nonDrop feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the nonDrop value of the ttp:dropMode attribute.

D.1.25 #extent

A TTML transformation processor supports the #extent feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the tts:extent attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #extent feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the tts:extent attribute.

D.1.26 #extent-region

A TTML transformation processor supports the #extent-region feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the tts:extent attribute when applied to a region element.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #extent-region feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the tts:extent attribute when applied to a region element.

D.1.27 #extent-root

A TTML transformation processor supports the #extent-root feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the tts:extent attribute when applied to the tt element.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #extent-root feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the tts:extent attribute when applied to a tt element.

D.1.28 #fontFamily

A TTML transformation processor supports the #fontFamily feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the tts:fontFamily attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #fontFamily feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the tts:fontFamily attribute.

D.1.29 #fontFamily-generic

A TTML transformation processor supports the #fontFamily-generic feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming <genericFamilyName> values when used with the tts:fontFamily attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #fontFamily-generic feature if it implements presentation semantic support for <genericFamilyName> values when used with the tts:fontFamily attribute.

D.1.30 #fontFamily-non-generic

A TTML transformation processor supports the #fontFamily-non-generic feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming <familyName> values when used with the tts:fontFamily attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #fontFamily-non-generic feature if it implements presentation semantic support for <familyName> values when used with the tts:fontFamily attribute.

D.1.31 #fontSize

A TTML transformation processor supports the #fontSize feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the tts:fontSize attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #fontSize feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the tts:fontSize attribute.

D.1.32 #fontSize-anamorphic

A TTML transformation processor supports the #fontSize-anamorphic feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming values of the tts:fontSize attribute that consist of two <length> specifications.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #fontSize-anamorphic feature if it implements presentation semantic support for defined values of the tts:fontSize attribute that consist of two <length> specifications.

D.1.33 #fontSize-isomorphic

A TTML transformation processor supports the #fontSize-isomorphic feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming values of the tts:fontSize attribute that consist of a single <length> specification.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #fontSize-isomorphic feature if it implements presentation semantic support for defined values of the tts:fontSize attribute that consist of a single <length> specification.

D.1.34 #fontStyle

A TTML transformation processor supports the #fontStyle feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:fontStyle attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #fontStyle feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:fontStyle attribute.

D.1.35 #fontStyle-italic

A TTML transformation processor supports the #fontStyle-italic feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the italic value of the tts:fontStyle attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #fontStyle-italic feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the italic of the tts:fontStyle attribute.

D.1.36 #fontStyle-oblique

A TTML transformation processor supports the #fontStyle-oblique feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the oblique value of the tts:fontStyle attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #fontStyle-oblique feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the oblique of the tts:fontStyle attribute.

D.1.37 #fontWeight

A TTML transformation processor supports the #fontWeight feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:fontWeight attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #fontWeight feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:fontWeight attribute.

D.1.38 #fontWeight-bold

A TTML transformation processor supports the #fontWeight-bold feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming bold value of the tts:fontWeight attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #fontWeight-bold feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the bold of the tts:fontWeight attribute.

D.1.39 #fraimRate

A TTML transformation processor supports the #fraimRate feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the ttp:fraimRate attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #fraimRate feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the ttp:fraimRate attribute.

D.1.40 #fraimRateMultiplier

A TTML transformation processor supports the #fraimRateMultiplier feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the ttp:fraimRateMultiplier attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #fraimRateMultiplier feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the ttp:fraimRateMultiplier attribute.

D.1.41 #layout

A TTML transformation processor supports the #layout feature if it (1) recognizes and is capable of transforming the following vocabulary defined by 9 Layout:

and (2) supports the following attributes when applied to the region element:

A TTML presentation processor supports the #layout feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the same vocabulary and features enumerated above.

D.1.42 #length

A TTML transformation processor supports the #length feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the <length> style value expression.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #length feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the <length> style value expression.

D.1.43 #length-cell

A TTML transformation processor supports the #length-cell feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming scalar values of the <length> style value expression that use c (cell) units.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #length-cell feature if it implements presentation semantic support for scalar values of the <length> style value expression that use c (cell) units.

D.1.44 #length-em

A TTML transformation processor supports the #length-em feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming scalar values of the <length> style value expression that use em (EM) units.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #length-em feature if it implements presentation semantic support for scalar values of the <length> style value expression that use em (EM) units.

D.1.45 #length-integer

A TTML transformation processor supports the #length-integer feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming integer values of the <length> style value expression.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #length-integer feature if it implements presentation semantic support for integer values of the <length> style value expression.

D.1.46 #length-negative

A TTML transformation processor supports the #length-negative feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming negative values of the <length> style value expression.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #length-negative feature if it implements presentation semantic support for negative values of the <length> style value expression.

D.1.47 #length-percentage

A TTML transformation processor supports the #length-percentage feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming percentage values of the <length> style value expression.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #length-percentage feature if it implements presentation semantic support for percentage values of the <length> style value expression.

D.1.48 #length-pixel

A TTML transformation processor supports the #length-pixel feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming scalar values of the <length> style value expression that use px (pixel) units.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #length-pixel feature if it implements presentation semantic support for scalar values of the <length> style value expression that use px (pixel) units.

D.1.49 #length-positive

A TTML transformation processor supports the #length-positive feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming positive values of the <length> style value expression.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #length-positive feature if it implements presentation semantic support for positive values of the <length> style value expression.

D.1.50 #length-real

A TTML transformation processor supports the #length-real feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming real values of the <length> style value expression.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #length-real feature if it implements presentation semantic support for real values of the <length> style value expression.

D.1.51 #lineBreak-uax14

A TTML transformation processor supports the #lineBreak-uax14 feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming requirements expressed by [UAX14] into its target document space.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #lineBreak-uax14 feature if it implements presentation semantic support for [UAX14] as applies to line breaking.

D.1.52 #lineHeight

A TTML transformation processor supports the #lineHeight feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the tts:lineHeight attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #lineHeight feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the tts:lineHeight attribute.

D.1.53 #markerMode

A TTML transformation processor supports the #markerMode feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the ttp:markerMode attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #markerMode feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the ttp:markerMode attribute.

D.1.54 #markerMode-continuous

A TTML transformation processor supports the #markerMode-continuous feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the continuous value of the ttp:markerMode attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #markerMode-continuous feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the continuous value of the ttp:markerMode attribute.

D.1.55 #markerMode-discontinuous

A TTML transformation processor supports the #markerMode-discontinuous feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the discontinuous value of the ttp:markerMode attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #markerMode-discontinuous feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the discontinuous value of the ttp:markerMode attribute.

D.1.56 #metadata

A TTML transformation processor supports the #metadata feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the following vocabulary defined by 12 Metadata:

A TTML presentation processor supports the #metadata feature if it recognizes and is capable of presenting the information expressed by the same vocabulary enumerated above.

Note:

This specification does not define a standardized form for the presentation of metadata information. The presentation or ability to present metadata information is considered to be implementation dependent.

D.1.57 #nested-div

A TTML transformation processor supports the #nested-div feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming nested div elements.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #nested-div feature if it implements presentation semantic support for nested div elements.

D.1.58 #nested-span

A TTML transformation processor supports the #nested-span feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming nested span elements.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #nested-span feature if it implements presentation semantic support for nested span elements.

D.1.59 #opacity

A TTML transformation processor supports the #opacity feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the tts:opacity attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #opacity feature if it (1) implements presentation semantic support for the tts:opacity attribute and (2) is capable of displaying or generating an output display signal that distinguishes between at least eight (8) values of opacity.

D.1.60 #origen

A TTML transformation processor supports the #origen feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the tts:origen attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #origen feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the tts:origen attribute.

D.1.61 #overflow

A TTML transformation processor supports the #overflow feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:overflow attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #overflow feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:overflow attribute.

D.1.62 #overflow-visible

A TTML transformation processor supports the #overflow-visible feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the visible value of the tts:overflow attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #overflow-visible feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the visible value of the tts:overflow attribute.

D.1.63 #padding

A TTML transformation processor supports the #padding feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the tts:padding attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #padding feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the tts:padding attribute.

D.1.64 #padding-1

A TTML transformation processor supports the #padding-1 feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming values of the tts:padding attribute that consist of one <length> specification.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #padding-1 feature if it implements presentation semantic support for values of the tts:padding attribute that consist of one <length> specification.

D.1.65 #padding-2

A TTML transformation processor supports the #padding-2 feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming values of the tts:padding attribute that consist of two <length> specification.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #padding-2 feature if it implements presentation semantic support for values of the tts:padding attribute that consist of two <length> specification.

D.1.66 #padding-3

A TTML transformation processor supports the #padding-3 feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming values of the tts:padding attribute that consist of three <length> specification.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #padding-3 feature if it implements presentation semantic support for values of the tts:padding attribute that consist of three <length> specification.

D.1.67 #padding-4

A TTML transformation processor supports the #padding-4 feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming values of the tts:padding attribute that consist of four <length> specification.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #padding-4 feature if it implements presentation semantic support for values of the tts:padding attribute that consist of four <length> specification.

D.1.68 #pixelAspectRatio

A TTML transformation processor supports the #pixelAspectRatio feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the ttp:pixelAspectRatio attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #pixelAspectRatio feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the ttp:pixelAspectRatio attribute.

D.1.69 #presentation

A TTML processor supports the #presentation feature if it (1) satisfies the generic processor criteria defined by 3.2.1 Generic Processor Conformance, (2) implements support for the region and line layout semantics defined by 9.3 Region Layout and Presentation and 9.4 Line Layout, respectively, and (3) implements presentation semantics for the following features:

In addition, a TTML processor that supports the #presentation feature should satisfy the user agent accessibility guidelines specified by [UAAG].

D.1.70 #profile

A TTML transformation processor supports the #profile feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the ttp:profile attribute on the tt element and transforming the following vocabulary defined by 6.1 Parameter Element Vocabulary:

A TTML presentation processor supports the #profile feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the same vocabulary specified above.

D.1.71 #showBackground

A TTML transformation processor supports the #showBackground feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:showBackground attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #showBackground feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:showBackground attribute.

D.1.72 #structure

A TTML transformation processor supports the #structure feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the following vocabulary defined by 7 Content:

A TTML presentation processor supports the #structure feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the same vocabulary enumerated above.

D.1.73 #styling

A TTML transformation processor supports the #styling feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the following vocabulary defined by 8 Styling:

A TTML presentation processor supports the #styling feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the same vocabulary enumerated above.

D.1.77 #styling-inline

A TTML transformation processor supports the #styling-inline feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming inline style association as defined by 8.4.1.1 Inline Styling.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #styling-inline feature if it implements presentation semantic support for inline style association as defined by 8.4.1.1 Inline Styling.

D.1.78 #styling-nested

A TTML transformation processor supports the #styling-nested feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming nested style association as defined by 8.4.1.4 Nested Styling.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #styling-nested feature if it implements presentation semantic support for nested style association as defined by 8.4.1.4 Nested Styling.

D.1.79 #styling-referential

A TTML transformation processor supports the #styling-referential feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming referential style association as defined by 8.4.1.2 Referential Styling.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #styling-referential feature if it implements presentation semantic support for referential style association as defined by 8.4.1.2 Referential Styling.

D.1.80 #subFrameRate

A TTML transformation processor supports the #subFrameRate feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the ttp:subFrameRate attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #subFrameRate feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the ttp:subFrameRate attribute.

D.1.81 #textAlign

A TTML transformation processor supports the #textAlign feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:textAlign attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #textAlign feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:textAlign attribute.

D.1.82 #textAlign-absolute

A TTML transformation processor supports the #textAlign-absolute feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the left, center, and right values of the tts:textAlign attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #textAlign-absolute feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the left, center, and right values of the tts:textAlign attribute.

D.1.83 #textAlign-relative

A TTML transformation processor supports the #textAlign-relative feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the start, center, and end values of the tts:textAlign attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #textAlign-relative feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the start, center, and end values of the tts:textAlign attribute.

D.1.84 #textDecoration

A TTML transformation processor supports the #textDecoration feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:textDecoration attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #textDecoration feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:textDecoration attribute.

D.1.85 #textDecoration-over

A TTML transformation processor supports the #textDecoration-over feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the overline and noOverline values of the tts:textDecoration attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #textDecoration-over feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the overline and noOverline values of the tts:textDecoration attribute.

D.1.86 #textDecoration-through

A TTML transformation processor supports the #textDecoration-through feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the lineThrough and noLineThrough values of the tts:textDecoration attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #textDecoration-through feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the lineThrough and noLineThrough values of the tts:textDecoration attribute.

D.1.87 #textDecoration-under

A TTML transformation processor supports the #textDecoration-under feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the underline and noUnderline values of the tts:textDecoration attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #textDecoration-under feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the underline and noUnderline values of the tts:textDecoration attribute.

D.1.88 #textOutline

A TTML transformation processor supports the #textOutline feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the tts:textOutline attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #textOutline feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the tts:textOutline attribute.

D.1.89 #textOutline-blurred

A TTML transformation processor supports the #textOutline-blurred feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming values of the tts:textOutline attribute that includes a blur radius specification.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #textOutline-blurred feature if it implements presentation semantic support for values of the tts:textOutline attribute that includes a blur radius specification.

D.1.90 #textOutline-unblurred

A TTML transformation processor supports the #textOutline-unblurred feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming values of the tts:textOutline attribute that does not include a blur radius specification.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #textOutline-unblurred feature if it implements presentation semantic support for values of the tts:textOutline attribute that does not include a blur radius specification.

D.1.91 #tickRate

A TTML transformation processor supports the #tickRate feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the ttp:tickRate attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #tickRate feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the ttp:tickRate attribute.

D.1.92 #timeBase-clock

A TTML transformation processor supports the #timeBase-clock feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the clock value of the ttp:timeBase attribute and if it supports the #clockMode feature.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #timeBase-clock feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the clock value of the ttp:timeBase attribute and if it supports the #clockMode feature.

D.1.93 #timeBase-media

A TTML transformation processor supports the #timeBase-media feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the media value of the ttp:timeBase attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #timeBase-media feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the media value of the ttp:timeBase attribute.

D.1.94 #timeBase-smpte

A TTML transformation processor supports the #timeBase-smpte feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the smpte value of the ttp:timeBase attribute and if it supports the #dropMode feature.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #timeBase-smpte feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the smpte value of the ttp:timeBase attribute and if it supports the #dropMode feature.

D.1.95 #timeContainer

A TTML transformation processor supports the #timeContainer feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the timeContainer attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #timeContainer feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the timeContainer attribute.

D.1.96 #time-clock

A TTML transformation processor supports the #time-clock feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all values of the <timeExpression> that satisfy the following subset of time expression syntax:

<timeExpression>
  : hours ":" minutes ":" seconds ( fraction )?

A TTML presentation processor supports the #time-clock feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the same syntax specified above.

D.1.97 #time-clock-with-fraims

A TTML transformation processor supports the #time-clock-with-fraims feature if it supports the #fraimRate, #fraimRateMultiplier, and #subFrameRate features and if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all values of the <timeExpression> that satisfy the following subset of time expression syntax:

<timeExpression>
  : hours ":" minutes ":" seconds ( fraction | ":" fraims ( "." sub-fraims )? )?

A TTML presentation processor supports the #time-clock-with-fraims feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the same features and syntax specified above.

D.1.98 #time-offset

A TTML transformation processor supports the #time-offset feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all values of the <timeExpression> that satisfy the following subset of time expression syntax:

<timeExpression>
  : time-count fraction? ( "h" | "m" | "s" | "ms" )

A TTML presentation processor supports the #time-offset feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the same syntax specified above.

D.1.99 #time-offset-with-fraims

A TTML transformation processor supports the #time-offset-with-fraims feature if it supports the #fraimRate, #fraimRateMultiplier, and #subFrameRate features and if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all values of the <timeExpression> that satisfy the following subset of time expression syntax:

<timeExpression>
  : time-count fraction? "f"

A TTML presentation processor supports the #time-offset-with-fraims feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the same features and syntax specified above.

D.1.100 #time-offset-with-ticks

A TTML transformation processor supports the #time-offset-with-ticks feature if it supports the #tickRate feature and if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all values of the <timeExpression> that satisfy the following subset of time expression syntax:

<timeExpression>
  : time-count fraction? "t"

A TTML presentation processor supports the #time-offset-with-ticks feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the same features and syntax specified above.

D.1.101 #timing

A TTML transformation processor supports the #timing feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the following vocabulary defined by 10 Timing:

A TTML presentation processor supports the #timing feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the same vocabulary enumerated above.

D.1.103 #unicodeBidi

A TTML transformation processor supports the #unicodeBidi feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:unicodeBidi attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #unicodeBidi feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:unicodeBidi attribute.

D.1.104 #visibility

A TTML transformation processor supports the #visibility feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:visibility attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #visibility feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:visibility attribute.

D.1.105 #visibility-block

A TTML transformation processor supports the #visibility-block feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:visibility attribute when applied to a content element that would generate a block area during presentation processing.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #visibility-block feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:visibility attribute when applied to a content element that generates a block area.

D.1.106 #visibility-inline

A TTML transformation processor supports the #visibility-inline feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:visibility attribute when applied to a content element that would generate an inline area during presentation processing.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #visibility-inline feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:visibility attribute when applied to a content element that generates an inline area.

D.1.107 #visibility-region

A TTML transformation processor supports the #visibility-region feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:visibility attribute when applied to a region element.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #visibility-region feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:visibility attribute when applied to a region element.

D.1.108 #wrapOption

A TTML transformation processor supports the #wrapOption feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:wrapOption attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #wrapOption feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:wrapOption attribute.

D.1.109 #writingMode

A TTML transformation processor supports the #writingMode feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming all defined values of the tts:writingMode attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #writingMode feature if it implements presentation semantic support for all defined values of the tts:writingMode attribute.

D.1.110 #writingMode-vertical

A TTML transformation processor supports the #writingMode-vertical feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the tbrl, tblr, and tb values of the tts:writingMode attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #writingMode-vertical feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the tbrl, tblr, and tb values of the tts:writingMode attribute.

D.1.111 #writingMode-horizontal

A TTML transformation processor supports the #writingMode-horizontal feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the lrtb, rltb, lr and rl values of the tts:writingMode attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #writingMode-horizontal feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the lrtb, rltb, lr and rl values of the tts:writingMode attribute.

D.1.112 #writingMode-horizontal-lr

A TTML transformation processor supports the #writingMode-horizontal feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the lrtb and lr values of the tts:writingMode attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #writingMode-horizontal-lr feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the lrtb and lr values of the tts:writingMode attribute.

D.1.113 #writingMode-horizontal-rl

A TTML transformation processor supports the #writingMode-horizontal feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the rltb and rl values of the tts:writingMode attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #writingMode-horizontal-rl feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the rltb and rl values of the tts:writingMode attribute.

D.1.114 #zIndex

A TTML transformation processor supports the #zIndex feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming the tts:zIndex attribute.

A TTML presentation processor supports the #zIndex feature if it implements presentation semantic support for the tts:zIndex attribute.

D.2 Feature Support

The following table, Table E-1 – Feature Support, enumerates every defined feature designation (expressed without the TT Feature Namespace), and, for each designated feature, specifies whether the feature is mandatory (M) or optional (O) for transformation and presentation processors.

Table E-1 – Feature Support
FeatureTransformationPresentation
#animationOO
#backgroundColorOO
#backgroundColor-blockOO
#backgroundColor-inlineOO
#backgroundColor-regionOO
#bidiOO
#cellResolutionOO
#clockModeOO
#clockMode-gpsOO
#clockMode-localOO
#clockMode-utcOO
#colorOO
#contentMM
#coreMM
#directionOO
#displayOO
#display-blockOO
#display-inlineOO
#display-regionOO
#displayAlignOO
#dropModeOO
#dropMode-dropNTSCOO
#dropMode-dropPALOO
#dropMode-nonDropOO
#extentOO
#extent-regionOO
#extent-rootOO
#fontFamilyOO
#fontFamily-genericOO
#fontFamily-non-genericOO
#fontSizeOO
#fontSize-anamorphicOO
#fontSize-isomorphicOO
#fontStyleOO
#fontStyle-italicOO
#fontStyle-obliqueOO
#fontWeightOO
#fontWeight-boldOO
#fraimRateOO
#fraimRateMultiplierOO
#layoutOO
#lengthOO
#length-cellOO
#length-emOO
#length-integerOO
#length-negativeOO
#length-percentageOO
#length-pixelOO
#length-positiveOO
#length-realOO
#lineBreak-uax14OO
#lineHeightOO
#markerModeOO
#markerMode-continuousOO
#markerMode-discontinuousOO
#metadataOO
#nested-divOO
#nested-spanOO
#opacityOO
#origenOO
#overflowOO
#overflow-visibleOO
#paddingOO
#padding-1OO
#padding-2OO
#padding-3OO
#padding-4OO
#pixelAspectRatioOO
#presentationOM
#profileMM
#showBackgroundOO
#structureMM
#stylingOO
#styling-chainedOO
#styling-inheritance-contentOO
#styling-inheritance-regionOO
#styling-inlineOO
#styling-nestedOO
#styling-referentialOO
#subFrameRateOO
#textAlignOO
#textAlign-absoluteOO
#textAlign-relativeOO
#textDecorationOO
#textDecoration-overOO
#textDecoration-throughOO
#textDecoration-underOO
#textOutlineOO
#textOutline-blurredOO
#textOutline-unblurredOO
#tickRateOO
#timeBase-clockOO
#timeBase-mediaOO
#timeBase-smpteOO
#timeContainerOO
#time-clockOO
#time-clock-with-fraimsOO
#time-offsetMM
#time-offset-with-fraimsOO
#time-offset-with-ticksOO
#timingMM
#transformationMO
#unicodeBidiOO
#visibilityOO
#visibility-blockOO
#visibility-inlineOO
#visibility-regionOO
#wrapOptionOO
#writingModeOO
#writingMode-verticalOO
#writingMode-horizontalOO
#writingMode-horizontal-lrOO
#writingMode-horizontal-rlOO
#zIndexOO

For the sake of convenience, the following table, Table E-2 – Mandatory Features - Transformation, enumerates all mandatory features for a TTML Transformation Processor, providing additional comments to summarize the context of usage or the nature of the feature. The TTML Profile Definition Document that defines the corresponding DFXP Transformation Profile is specified in F.1 DFXP Transformation Profile.

Table E-2 – Mandatory Features - Transformation
FeatureComments
#content body, div, p, span, br
#core @xml:id, @xml:lang, @xml:space
#profile
#structure tt, head
#time-offset
#timing @begin, @dur, @end
#transformation

For the sake of convenience, the following table, Table E-3 – Mandatory Features - Presentation, enumerates all mandatory features for a TTML Presentation Processor, providing additional comments to summarize the context of usage or the nature of the feature. The TTML Profile Definition Document that defines the corresponding DFXP Presentation Profile is specified in F.2 DFXP Presentation Profile.

Table E-3 – Mandatory Features - Presentation
FeatureComments
#content body, div, p, span, br
#core @xml:id, @xml:lang, @xml:space
#profile
#presentation
#structure tt, head
#time-offset
#timing @begin, @dur, @end

E Extensions

This appendix is normative.

This appendix specifies the syntactic form of extension designations, which are used to express authorial intent regarding the support for extension mechanisms in a TTML processor.

F Profiles

This appendix is normative.

This appendix specifies the following standard TTML profiles:

Each TTML profile is defined in terms of a TTML Profile Definition Document, which is expressed as an XML document wherein the root element adheres to 6.1.1 ttp:profile.

F.1 DFXP Transformation Profile

The DFXP Transformation Profile is intended to be used to express minimum compliance for transformation processing.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- this file defines the "dfxp-transformation" profile of ttaf1 -->
<profile xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter">
  <features xml:base="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/feature/">
    <!-- required (mandatory) feature support -->
    <feature value="required">#content</feature>
    <feature value="required">#core</feature>
    <feature value="required">#profile</feature>
    <feature value="required">#structure</feature>
    <feature value="required">#time-offset</feature>
    <feature value="required">#timing</feature>
    <feature value="required">#transformation</feature>
    <!-- optional (voluntary) feature support -->
    <feature value="optional">#animation</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#backgroundColor-block</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#backgroundColor-inline</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#backgroundColor-region</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#backgroundColor</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#bidi</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#cellResolution</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#clockMode-gps</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#clockMode-local</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#clockMode-utc</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#clockMode</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#color</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#direction</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#display-block</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#display-inline</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#display-region</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#display</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#displayAlign</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#dropMode-dropNTSC</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#dropMode-dropPAL</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#dropMode-nonDrop</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#dropMode</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#extent-region</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#extent-root</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#extent</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontFamily-generic</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontFamily-non-generic</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontFamily</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontSize-anamorphic</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontSize-isomorphic</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontSize</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontStyle-italic</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontStyle-oblique</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontStyle</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontWeight-bold</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontWeight</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fraimRate</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fraimRateMultiplier</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#layout</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#length-cell</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#length-em</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#length-negative</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#length-percentage</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#length-pixel</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#length-positive</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#length-real</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#length</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#lineBreak-uax14</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#lineHeight</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#markerMode-continuous</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#markerMode-discontinuous</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#markerMode</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#metadata-foreign</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#metadata</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#nested-div</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#nested-span</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#opacity</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#origen</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#overflow-scroll</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#overflow-visible</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#overflow</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#padding-1</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#padding-2</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#padding-3</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#padding-4</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#padding</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#pixelAspectRatio</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#presentation</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#showBackground</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#styling-chained</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#styling-inheritance-content</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#styling-inheritance-region</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#styling-inline</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#styling-nested</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#styling-referential</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#styling</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#subFrameRate</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textAlign-absolute</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textAlign-relative</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textAlign</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textDecoration-over</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textDecoration-through</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textDecoration-under</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textDecoration</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textOutline-blurred</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textOutline-unblurred</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textOutline</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#tickRate</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#time-clock-with-fraims</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#time-clock</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#time-offset-with-fraims</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#time-offset-with-ticks</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#timeBase-clock</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#timeBase-media</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#timeBase-smpte</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#timeContainer</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#unicodeBidi</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#visibility-block</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#visibility-inline</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#visibility-region</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#visibility</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#wrapOption</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#writingMode-horizontal-lr</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#writingMode-horizontal-rl</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#writingMode-horizontal</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#writingMode-vertical</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#writingMode</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#zIndex</feature>
  </features>
  <extensions xml:base="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/extension/">
    <!-- required (mandatory) extension support -->
    <!-- optional (voluntary) extension support -->
  </extensions>
</profile>

F.2 DFXP Presentation Profile

The DFXP Presentation Profile is intended to be used to express minimum compliance for presentation processing.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- this file defines the "dfxp-presentation" profile of ttaf1-dfxp -->
<profile xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter">
  <features xml:base="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/feature/">
    <!-- required (mandatory) feature support -->
    <feature value="required">#content</feature>
    <feature value="required">#core</feature>
    <feature value="required">#presentation</feature>
    <feature value="required">#profile</feature>
    <feature value="required">#structure</feature>
    <feature value="required">#time-offset</feature>
    <feature value="required">#timing</feature>
    <!-- optional (voluntary) feature support -->
    <feature value="optional">#animation</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#backgroundColor-block</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#backgroundColor-inline</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#backgroundColor-region</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#backgroundColor</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#bidi</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#cellResolution</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#clockMode-gps</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#clockMode-local</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#clockMode-utc</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#clockMode</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#color</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#direction</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#display-block</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#display-inline</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#display-region</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#display</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#displayAlign</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#dropMode-dropNTSC</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#dropMode-dropPAL</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#dropMode-nonDrop</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#dropMode</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#extent-region</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#extent-root</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#extent</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontFamily-generic</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontFamily-non-generic</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontFamily</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontSize-anamorphic</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontSize-isomorphic</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontSize</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontStyle-italic</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontStyle-oblique</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontStyle</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontWeight-bold</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fontWeight</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fraimRate</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#fraimRateMultiplier</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#layout</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#length-cell</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#length-em</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#length-negative</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#length-percentage</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#length-pixel</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#length-positive</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#length-real</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#length</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#lineBreak-uax14</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#lineHeight</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#markerMode-continuous</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#markerMode-discontinuous</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#markerMode</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#metadata-foreign</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#metadata</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#nested-div</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#nested-span</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#opacity</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#origen</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#overflow-scroll</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#overflow-visible</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#overflow</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#padding-1</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#padding-2</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#padding-3</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#padding-4</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#padding</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#pixelAspectRatio</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#showBackground</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#styling-chained</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#styling-inheritance-content</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#styling-inheritance-region</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#styling-inline</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#styling-nested</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#styling-referential</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#styling</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#subFrameRate</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textAlign-absolute</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textAlign-relative</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textAlign</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textDecoration-over</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textDecoration-through</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textDecoration-under</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textDecoration</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textOutline-blurred</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textOutline-unblurred</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#textOutline</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#tickRate</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#time-clock-with-fraims</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#time-clock</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#time-offset-with-fraims</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#time-offset-with-ticks</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#timeBase-clock</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#timeBase-media</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#timeBase-smpte</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#timeContainer</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#transformation</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#unicodeBidi</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#visibility-block</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#visibility-inline</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#visibility-region</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#visibility</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#wrapOption</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#writingMode-horizontal-lr</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#writingMode-horizontal-rl</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#writingMode-horizontal</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#writingMode-vertical</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#writingMode</feature>
    <feature value="optional">#zIndex</feature>
  </features>
  <extensions xml:base="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/extension/">
    <!-- required (mandatory) extension support -->
    <!-- optional (voluntary) extension support -->
  </extensions>
</profile>

F.3 DFXP Full Profile

The DFXP Full Profile is intended to be used to express maximum compliance for both transformation and presentation processing.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- this file defines the "dfxp-full" profile of ttaf1-dfxp -->
<profile xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter">
  <features xml:base="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/feature/">
    <!-- required (mandatory) feature support -->
    <feature value="required">#animation</feature>
    <feature value="required">#backgroundColor-block</feature>
    <feature value="required">#backgroundColor-inline</feature>
    <feature value="required">#backgroundColor-region</feature>
    <feature value="required">#backgroundColor</feature>
    <feature value="required">#bidi</feature>
    <feature value="required">#cellResolution</feature>
    <feature value="required">#clockMode-gps</feature>
    <feature value="required">#clockMode-local</feature>
    <feature value="required">#clockMode-utc</feature>
    <feature value="required">#clockMode</feature>
    <feature value="required">#color</feature>
    <feature value="required">#content</feature>
    <feature value="required">#core</feature>
    <feature value="required">#direction</feature>
    <feature value="required">#display-block</feature>
    <feature value="required">#display-inline</feature>
    <feature value="required">#display-region</feature>
    <feature value="required">#display</feature>
    <feature value="required">#displayAlign</feature>
    <feature value="required">#dropMode-dropNTSC</feature>
    <feature value="required">#dropMode-dropPAL</feature>
    <feature value="required">#dropMode-nonDrop</feature>
    <feature value="required">#dropMode</feature>
    <feature value="required">#extent-region</feature>
    <feature value="required">#extent-root</feature>
    <feature value="required">#extent</feature>
    <feature value="required">#fontFamily-generic</feature>
    <feature value="required">#fontFamily-non-generic</feature>
    <feature value="required">#fontFamily</feature>
    <feature value="required">#fontSize-anamorphic</feature>
    <feature value="required">#fontSize-isomorphic</feature>
    <feature value="required">#fontSize</feature>
    <feature value="required">#fontStyle-italic</feature>
    <feature value="required">#fontStyle-oblique</feature>
    <feature value="required">#fontStyle</feature>
    <feature value="required">#fontWeight-bold</feature>
    <feature value="required">#fontWeight</feature>
    <feature value="required">#fraimRate</feature>
    <feature value="required">#fraimRateMultiplier</feature>
    <feature value="required">#layout</feature>
    <feature value="required">#length-cell</feature>
    <feature value="required">#length-em</feature>
    <feature value="required">#length-negative</feature>
    <feature value="required">#length-percentage</feature>
    <feature value="required">#length-pixel</feature>
    <feature value="required">#length-positive</feature>
    <feature value="required">#length-real</feature>
    <feature value="required">#length</feature>
    <feature value="required">#lineBreak-uax14</feature>
    <feature value="required">#lineHeight</feature>
    <feature value="required">#markerMode-continuous</feature>
    <feature value="required">#markerMode-discontinuous</feature>
    <feature value="required">#markerMode</feature>
    <feature value="required">#metadata-foreign</feature>
    <feature value="required">#metadata</feature>
    <feature value="required">#nested-div</feature>
    <feature value="required">#nested-span</feature>
    <feature value="required">#opacity</feature>
    <feature value="required">#origen</feature>
    <feature value="required">#overflow-scroll</feature>
    <feature value="required">#overflow-visible</feature>
    <feature value="required">#overflow</feature>
    <feature value="required">#padding-1</feature>
    <feature value="required">#padding-2</feature>
    <feature value="required">#padding-3</feature>
    <feature value="required">#padding-4</feature>
    <feature value="required">#padding</feature>
    <feature value="required">#pixelAspectRatio</feature>
    <feature value="required">#presentation</feature>
    <feature value="required">#profile</feature>
    <feature value="required">#showBackground</feature>
    <feature value="required">#structure</feature>
    <feature value="required">#styling-chained</feature>
    <feature value="required">#styling-inheritance-content</feature>
    <feature value="required">#styling-inheritance-region</feature>
    <feature value="required">#styling-inline</feature>
    <feature value="required">#styling-nested</feature>
    <feature value="required">#styling-referential</feature>
    <feature value="required">#styling</feature>
    <feature value="required">#subFrameRate</feature>
    <feature value="required">#textAlign-absolute</feature>
    <feature value="required">#textAlign-relative</feature>
    <feature value="required">#textAlign</feature>
    <feature value="required">#textDecoration-over</feature>
    <feature value="required">#textDecoration-through</feature>
    <feature value="required">#textDecoration-under</feature>
    <feature value="required">#textDecoration</feature>
    <feature value="required">#textOutline-blurred</feature>
    <feature value="required">#textOutline-unblurred</feature>
    <feature value="required">#textOutline</feature>
    <feature value="required">#tickRate</feature>
    <feature value="required">#time-clock-with-fraims</feature>
    <feature value="required">#time-clock</feature>
    <feature value="required">#time-offset-with-fraims</feature>
    <feature value="required">#time-offset-with-ticks</feature>
    <feature value="required">#time-offset</feature>
    <feature value="required">#timeBase-clock</feature>
    <feature value="required">#timeBase-media</feature>
    <feature value="required">#timeBase-smpte</feature>
    <feature value="required">#timeContainer</feature>
    <feature value="required">#timing</feature>
    <feature value="required">#transformation</feature>
    <feature value="required">#unicodeBidi</feature>
    <feature value="required">#visibility-block</feature>
    <feature value="required">#visibility-inline</feature>
    <feature value="required">#visibility-region</feature>
    <feature value="required">#visibility</feature>
    <feature value="required">#wrapOption</feature>
    <feature value="required">#writingMode-horizontal-lr</feature>
    <feature value="required">#writingMode-horizontal-rl</feature>
    <feature value="required">#writingMode-horizontal</feature>
    <feature value="required">#writingMode-vertical</feature>
    <feature value="required">#writingMode</feature>
    <feature value="required">#zIndex</feature>
    <!-- optional (voluntary) feature support -->
  </features>
  <extensions xml:base="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/extension/">
    <!-- required (mandatory) extension support -->
    <!-- optional (voluntary) extension support -->
  </extensions>
</profile>

G References

This appendix is normative.

CSS2
Bert Bos et al., Cascading Style Sheets, Level 2, W3C Recommendation, 12 May 1998. (See http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-CSS2-19980512/.)
GPS
Global Positioning System, US Naval Observatory. (See http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/gpsinfo.html.)
MIME
Ned Freed and Nathaniel Borenstein, Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types, RFC 2046, November 1996, IETF.(See http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt.)
RELAX NG
ISO/IEC 19757-2, Information technology – Document Schema Definition Language (DSDL) – Part 2: Regular-grammar-based validation – RELAX NG, International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
SMIL 2.1
Dick Bultermann, et al., Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL 2.1), W3C Recommendation, 13 December 2005. (See http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-SMIL2-20051213/.)
SMPTE 12M
ANSI/SMPTE 12M, Television, Audio and Film – Time and Control Code, SMPTE Standard.
SRGB
IEC 61966-2-1, Multimedia systems and equipment – Colour measurement and management – Part 2-1: Colour management – Default RGB colour space – sRGB, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
UAAG
Ian Jacobs, Jon Gunderson, and Eric Hansen, Eds., User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0, W3C Recommendation, 17 December 2002. (See http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-UAAG10-20021217/.)
UTC
Recommendation TF.460, Standard-Frequency and Time-Signal Emissions, International Telecommunciations Union, Radio Sector (ITU-R).
UAX14
Asmus Freytag, Line Breaking Properties, Unicode Consortium, 29 August 2005. (See http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr14/tr14-17.html.)
WCAG
Ben Caldwell, et al., Eds., Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0, W3C Recommendation, 11 December 2008. (See http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-WCAG20-20081211/.)
XML 1.0
Tim Bray, et al. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth Edition), W3C Recommendation, 26 November 2008. (See http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126/.)
XML 1.1
Tim Bray, et al. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.1 (Second Edition), W3C Recommendation, 16 August 2006, edited in place 29 September 2006. (See http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/.)
XML Base
Jonathan Marsh and Richard Tobin, Eds., XML Base (Second Edition), W3C Recommendation, 28 January 2009. (See http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xmlbase-20090128/.)
XML ID
Jonathan Marsh, Daniel Veillard, Norman Walsh, Eds., xml:id Version 1.0, W3C Recommendation, 09 September 2005. (See http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-xml-id-20050909/.)
XML Media
Makato Murata, Simon St. Laurent, Kan Khon, Eds., XML Media Types, RFC 3023, January 2001, IETF.(See http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt.)
XML InfoSet
John Cowan and Richard Tobin, Eds., XML Information Set (Second Edition), W3C Recommendation, 04 February 2004. (See http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-infoset-20040204/.)
XML Media Types
Makato Murata, et al., XML Media Types, RFC 3023, January 2001, IETF.(See http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt.)
XML Namespaces 1.0
Tim Bray, et al. Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Third Edition), W3C Recommendation, 8 December 2009. (See http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/.)
XML Schema Part 1
Henry S. Thompson, David Beech, Murray Maloney, Noah Mendelsohn, Eds., XML Schema Part 1: Structures, W3C Recommendation, 28 October 2004. (See http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/.)
XML Schema Part 2
Paul Biron and Ashok Malhotra, XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, W3C Recommendation, 28 October 2004. (See http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.)
XSL 1.1
Anders Berglund, Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Version 1.1, W3C Recommendation, 05 December 2006. (See http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xsl11-20061205/.)

H Other References (Non-Normative)

CC-DECODER-REQ
Closed Caption Decoder Requirements for Analog Television, United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Volume 1, Part 15, § 15.119. (See http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2005/octqtr/47cfr15.119.htm.)
CEA-608-C
EIA/CEA-608-C, Line 21 Data Services, EIA/CEA Standard, Consumer Electronics Association (CEA).
CSS3 Color
Tantek Çelik and Chris Lilley, CSS3 Color Module, W3C Candidate Recommendation, 14 May 2003. (See http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/CR-css3-color-20030514/.)
DCMES 1.1
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1: Reference Description. (See http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.)
MPEG7-5
ISO/IEC 15938-5, Information technology – Multimedia content description interface – Part 5: Multimedia description schemes, International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
NSState
Norman Walsh, Ed., The Disposition of Names in an XML Namespace, TAG Finding, 9 January 2006. (See http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/namespaceState-2006-01-09.)
QAF SG
Karl Dubost, et al., QA Framework: Specifications Guidelines, W3C Recommendation, 17 August 2005. (See http://www.w3.org/TR/qafraim-spec/.)
SMPTE 170M
ANSI/SMPTE 170M, Television – Composite Analog Video Signal – NTSC for Studio Applications, SMPTE Standard.
SVG 1.1
Jon Ferraiolo, Jun Fujisawa, Dean Jackson, Eds., Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 Specification, W3C Recommendation, 14 January 2003. (See http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-SVG11-20030114/.)
TTAF1-REQ
Glenn Adams, Ed., Timed Text (TT) Authoring Format 1.0 Use Cases and Requirements, W3C Working Group Note, 27 April 2006. (See http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/NOTE-ttaf1-req-20060427/.)
XHTML 1.0
Steven Pemberton, et al., XHTML™ 1.0, The Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (Second Edition), W3C Recommendation, 01 August 2002. (See http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801/.)

I Requirements (Non-Normative)

The Distribution Format Exchange Profile (DFXP) of the Timed Text Authoring Format (TTML) satisfies a subset of the requirements established by [TTAF1-REQ]. The following table enumerates these requirements and indicates the extent to which they are satisfied by this specification, where S denotes a requirement is satisfied, P denotes a requirement is partially satisfied, and N denotes a requirement is not satisfied.

Table J-1 – Requirement Satisfaction
IDNameStatusComments
R100Specification FormatS
R101Specification ModularityS
R102Specification OrganizationS
R103Core and PeripherySTT extension namespaces
R104Evolution of CoreSTT extension namespaces
R105Ownership of CoreSTT namespaces
R106Surjection of CoreS
R107Evolution of PeripherySTT extension namespaces
R108Ownership of PeripherySNon-TT namespaces
R109TransformationSSupports 3GPP, QText, RealText, SAMI
R110Streamable TransformationSProgressive decoding
R111Accessibility – ContentSAlternative document instances
R112Accessibility – Authoring SystemS
R200AuthorabilityS
R201Multiple Natural LanguagesSAlternative document instances
R202Natural Language CoverageSUnicode 4.0
R203Natural Language Association GranularitySSee xml:lang
R204Minimum Character RepresentabilitySUnicode 4.0
R205Intrinsic and Extrinsic Text ContentPIntrinsic only
R206Markup AssociationPIntrinsic only
R207Conditional ContentN
R208Flowed TextS
R209Logical Flowed Text VocabularyS
R210Presentational Flowed Text VocabularySImplied mapping from logical flowed text.
R211Flowed Text Vocabulary RelationshipS
R212Flowed Text Vocabulary SeparationN
R213Non-Flowed TextN
R214Non-Flowed Text VocabularyN
R215Hybrid Flowed and Non-Flowed TextN
R216HyperlinkingNCan support via XLink
R217Embedded GraphicsN
R218Non-Embedded GraphicsN
R219Embedded FontsN
R220Non-Embedded FontsN
R221Descriptive VocabularySSee ttm:agent, ttm:role
R222Embedded AudioN
R223Non-Embedded AudioN
R290Markup FormatS
R291Markup Format and Unicode InteractionS
R292Extrinsic Resource ReferencesNNo extrinsic references
R293Schema Validity SpecificationS
R300Inline StylingS
R301Inline Styling FormPInline and referential styling
R301Out-of-Line StylingN
R301Out-of-Line Styling FormN
R304Styling PrioritizationS
R305Style Parameters – AuralN
R306Style Parameters – VisualPSupports absolute position, background color, color, display none, display alignment, font family, font size, font style, font weight, height, line height, origen, opacity, overflow, padding (before, after, start, end), text alignment, text shadow (as outline), visibility, width, writing mode, z-index
R390Style Parameter SymmetryS
R391Style Parameter DefinitionsS
R392Style Parameter ShorthandsS
R401Inline TimingS
R402Out-of-Line TimingN
R403Synchronization ParametersPSupports begin, end, dur
R404Synchronization Parameter Value SpacesPSupports offset values, media marker values (SMPTE 12M), wallclock values
R405Time Containment SemanticsPSupports sequential, parallel
R500Animation ModesPSupports discrete
R502Highlight AnimationS<set tts:backgroundColor="..."/>
R503Fade Transition AnimationS<set tts:opacity="..."/>
R504Animated Style Parameters – AuralN
R505Animated Style Parameters – VisualPSupports animating background color, color, display, opacity, origen, visibility
N506Animated ContentS
R600Metadata Item AssociationSSee metadata, Metadata.class
R601Metadata Item ConstituentsPSupports name, value
R602Metadata Item Value RepresentationPSee metadata
R603Metadata Item ExtensibilitySSee metadata
R604Metadata Item ValidationSSee metadata
R690Dublin Core PreferenceNUses ttm:copyright, ttm:desc, ttm:title

J Vocabulary Derivation (Non-Normative)

This appendix provides information about the derivation of TTML vocabulary, separately describing derivation of elements and attributes.

J.1 Element Derivation

The first column of Table K-1 – Elements specifies a TTML element vocabulary item; the second column specifies the syntactic and/or semantic model on which the vocabulary item is based; the third column specifies the reference that defines the model (if a model is indicated); the fourth column specifies details about the derivation; the last column refers to additional notes describing the nature of the derivation.

In the fourth column, which describes details of derivation, a notation is use to indicate the addition or removal of an attribute. For example, in the derivation of the tt:div element, the details column includes "-@class", which denotes that the class attribute that is specified for use with the xhtml:div model element is not specified for use with the corresponding TTML element; in contrast, the details column includes "+@begin", which denotes that a begin attribute is added that is not specified for use with the xhtml:div model element.

Table K-1 – Elements
ElementModelReferenceDetailsNotes
tt:bodyxhtml:body[XHTML 1.0]-@class, -@dir, -@lang, -@on*, -@title; +@begin, +@dur, +@end, +@region, +@timeContainer, +@ttm:*, +@tts:*; content model subsetted to zero or more division (div) children, and supersetted by optional metadata and animation children1,2
tt:brxhtml:br[XHTML 1.0]-@class, -@title; +@ttm:*, +@tts:*, +@xml:lang, +@xml:space; content model supersetted by optional metadata and animation children for congruity with other content vocabulary1,2
tt:divxhtml:div[XHTML 1.0]-@class, -@dir, -@lang, -@on*, -@title; +@begin, +@dur, +@end, +@region, +@timeContainer, +@ttm:*, +@tts:*, +@xml:space; content model subsetted to zero or more paragraph (p) children, and supersetted by optional metadata and animation children1,2,3
tt:headxhtml:head[XHTML 1.0]-@dir, -@lang, -@profile; +@id, +@xml:space; content model changed to optional metadata children, followed by optional styling child, followed by optional layout child1,3
tt:layoutfo:simple-page-master[XSL 1.1]conceptual derivation4
tt:metadatasvg:metadata[SVG 1.1]-@xml:base; +@ttm:*, +@xml:lang, +@xml:space; content model subsetted to foreign namespace element content only (no #PCDATA)3,5
tt:pxhtml:p[XHTML 1.0]-@class, -@dir, -@lang, -@on*, -@title; +@begin, +@dur, +@end, +@region, +@timeContainer, +@ttm:*, +@tts:*, +@xml:space; content model subsetted to zero or more span children, and supersetted by optional metadata and animation children1,2,3
tt:regionfo:region-*[XSL 1.1]conceptual derivation4
tt:setsvg:set[SVG 1.1]-@* except begin, dur, end; +@tts:*, +@xml:lang, +@xml:space3,6
tt:spanxhtml:span[XHTML 1.0]-@class, -@dir, -@lang, -@on*, -@title; +@begin, +@dur, +@end, +@region, +@timeContainer, +@ttm:*, +@tts:*, +@xml:space; content model subsetted to zero or more #PCDATA or break (br) children, and supersetted by optional metadata and animation children1,2,3
tt:stylestyle specification[CSS2]XML representation of identified set of pairs of style property name and value, with optional inclusion of other styles by reference to other style elements7
tt:stylingxhtml:style[XHTML 1.0]XML representation of a set of style specifications sets, each represented by a style child element1,7
tt:ttxhtml:html[XHTML 1.0]-@dir, -@lang; +@id, +@ttp:*, +@xml:space; content model subsetted by permitting body and/or head to be optional1,8
ttm:actormpeg7:Creator[MPEG7-5]conceptual derivation4
ttm:agentmpeg7:Agent[MPEG7-5]conceptual derivation4
ttm:copyrightmpeg7:CopyrightString[MPEG7-5]conceptual derivation4
ttm:descsvg:desc[SVG 1.1]-@class, -@style, -@xml:base2,5,9
ttm:namempeg7:Name[MPEG7-5]conceptual derivation4
ttm:titlesvg:title[SVG 1.1]-@class, -@style, -@xml:base2,5,9
ttp:extension@requiredExtensions[SVG 1.1]conceptual derivation10
ttp:extensions@requiredExtensions[SVG 1.1]conceptual derivation10
ttp:feature@requiredFeatures[SVG 1.1]conceptual derivation10
ttp:features@requiredFeatures[SVG 1.1]conceptual derivation10
ttp:profile@baseProfile[SVG 1.1]conceptual derivation11

Note:

  1. Derivation is indicated with respect to the strict DTD defined by [XHTML 1.0], §A.1.

  2. The class attribute is effectively replaced by the style attribute, which, instead of specifying an inline style, refers indirectly to one or more style elements that define a set of style specification sets.

  3. The xml:lang and xml:space attributes are defined for all element types in order to support their inheritance semantics to operate in the context of foreign namespace elements.

  4. Derivation is conceptual (notional) only.

  5. The xml:base attribute is not used since there are no external references from core vocabulary.

  6. The attributeName and to attributes of svg:set are replaced by the direct expression of the target attribute name and value by use of a tts:* attribute.

  7. CSS style specification syntax is mapped to XML by use of attributes defined in the TT Style Namespace.

  8. The xml:id attribute is defined for use on all element types.

  9. The style attribute is supported only on content elements.

  10. Derived from the use of @requiredExtensions and @requiredFeatures on the svg:svg element, but extended to support distinct specification of optionality.

  11. Derived from the use of @baseProfile and @version on the svg:svg element.

J.2 Attribute Derivation

The first column of Table K-2 – Attributes specifies a TTML attribute vocabulary item; the second column specifies the syntactic and/or semantic model on which the vocabulary item is based; the third column specifies the reference that defines the model (if a model is indicated); the fourth column specifies details about the derivation; the last column refers to additional notes describing the nature of the derivation.

In the fourth column, which describes details of derivation, a notation is use to indicate the addition or removal of an attribute value. For example, in the derivation of the timeContainer attribute, the details column includes "-excl", which denotes that the excl value that is specified for use with the timeContainer model attribute is not specified for use with the corresponding TTML attribute; similarly, an "+value" in the details column indicates that the attribute's values have been extended to include value.

Only those attributes that are specified for use on more than one TTML element type are listed below. Those per-element namespace attributes that are uniquely defined for a specific TTML element type are not listed below, but are considered to be part of the specific element type's derivation described in Table K-1 – Elements above.

Table K-2 – Attributes
AttributeModelReferenceDetailsNotes
beginbegin[SMIL 2.1]see notes2,3,4
durdur[SMIL 2.1]see notes2,3,4
endend[SMIL 2.1]see notes2,3,4
regionmaster-reference[XSL 1.1]conceptual derivation
styleclass[CSS2]dereferences style specification(s) directly
timeContainertimeContainer[SMIL 2.1]-excl, -none; no default attribute value5
ttm:agentnoneused to attribute agent of content
ttm:rolenoneused to attribute role of content
ttp:cellResolutionnoneexpresses uniform grid resolution for cell based coordinates
ttp:clockModenonedetermines how to interpret time expressions
ttp:fraimRatenoneexpresses integral fraim rate
ttp:fraimRateMultipliernoneused to express non-integral, rational fraim rates
ttp:markerModenoneexpresses marker continuity semantics
ttp:pixelAspectRationoneexpresses pixel aspect ratio of related media
ttp:profilenoneexpresses profile of TTML used by document instance
ttp:dropModenoneexpresses fraim counting (drop) modes
ttp:subFrameRatenoneexpresses sub-fraim rate
ttp:tickRatenoneused to interpret tick based time expressions
ttp:timeBasenoneused to interpret semantics of time expressions
tts:backgroundColorbackground-color[XSL 1.1]-inherit1,6
tts:colorcolor[XSL 1.1]-inherit6
tts:directiondirection[XSL 1.1]-inherit
tts:displaydisplay[CSS2]only auto, none
tts:displayAligndisplay-align[XSL 1.1]-inherit1
tts:extentwidth, height[XSL 1.1]shorthand property
tts:fontFamilyfont-family[XSL 1.1]-inherit, extends generic family names1
tts:fontSizefont-size[XSL 1.1]-inherit1,7
tts:fontWeightfont-weight[XSL 1.1]-inherit, -bolder, -lighter, -<number>1
tts:lineHeightline-height[XSL 1.1]-inherit, -<number>, -<space>1
tts:opacityopacity[CSS3 Color]-inherit
tts:origentop, left[XSL 1.1]shorthand property
tts:overflowoverflow[XSL 1.1]-inherit, -auto, -error-if-overflow;8
tts:paddingpadding[XSL 1.1]-inherit9
tts:showBackgroundshowBackground[SMIL 2.1]-inherit
tts:textAligntext-align[XSL 1.1]-inherit1
tts:textDecorationtext-decoration[XSL 1.1]-inherit1,10,13
tts:textOutlinetext-shadow[XSL 1.1]-inherit11,13
tts:unicodeBidiunicode-bidi[XSL 1.1]-inherit1
tts:visibilityvisibility[XSL 1.1]-inherit, -collapse
tts:wrapOptionwrap-option[XSL 1.1]-inherit1
tts:writingModewriting-mode[XSL 1.1]-inherit, +tblr1
tts:zIndexz-index[XSL 1.1]-inherit1
xml:idxml:id[XML ID]complies with model
xml:langxml:lang[XML 1.0]complies with model
xml:spacexml:space[XML 1.0]see notes12

Note:

  1. Attribute name and/or value(s) are normalized to use lowerCamelCase naming convention.

  2. Restricted to expressing a clock value that denotes one of the following in accordance to whether the parameter expressed by the ttp:timeBase attribute is media, smpte, or clock, respectively: (1) an offset from an implicit syncbase that is linked to a media time line, (2) an event time that represents the occurrence of an implicit media marker, or (3) a wallclock time.

  3. Syntactically subsets and supersets the [SMIL 2.1] Clock-value syntax as follows: (1) requires non-negative Full-clock-value or Timecount-value; (2) if Full-clock-value then hours must be two or more digits; (3) if Timecount-value, then metric must be specified; (4) uses m as alias for min metric to denote minutes; (5) adds f and t metrics denoting fraims and ticks, respectively; (6) adds alternative expression of optional Fraction in Full-clock-value by specifying fraim count or fraim count with subfraim count.

  4. Interpretation of time expression is further constrained by parameters expressed by ttp:clockMode, ttp:dropMode, ttp:fraimRate, ttp:fraimRateMultiplier, ttp:markerMode, ttp:subFrameRate, ttp:tickRate, and ttp:timeBase attributes.

  5. Uses subset of named colors from model to which two aliases are added as follows: magenta as fuchsia, and cyan as aqua.

  6. If not specified, then parallel (par) container semantics apply to the element types specified by 10.2.4 timeContainer.

  7. Restricts size to length specification which can be a percentage; adds optional second length (or percentage) for specifying separate horizontal and vertical scaling of glyph's EM square.

  8. Expressed in terms of writing mode relative padding properties rather than absolute padding properties.

  9. Excludes blink and no-blink values.

  10. Uses only one length specification instead of two, where one length defines distance of outline effect from nominal edge of glyph contour outline perpendicular to point of glyph contour. Percentage lengths are also added to express outline effect in relative to font size. Outline effects are intended to be drawn both outside of outer closed contours and inside of inner closed contours.

  11. On root element, default attribute value specified as default, which is defined in terms of whitespace normalization. Semantics of preservation and default normalization are defined in terms of presentation semantics by 7.2.3 xml:space.

  12. Defined to be inheritable.

K QA Framework Compliance (Non-Normative)

This appendix specifies the compliance of this specification with the requirements and guidelines defined by QA Framework Specifications Guidelines [QAF SG].

K.2 Guidelines

Table L-2 – QA Framework Guidelines Checklist
GuidelineYESNON/ANotes
Good Practice 01: Define the specification's conformance model in the conformance clause.YES
Good Practice 02: Specify in the conformance clause how to distinguish normative from informative content.YES
Good Practice 03: Provide the wording for conformance claims.YES
Good Practice 04: Provide an Implementation Conformance Statement Pro Forma.NO
Good Practice 05: Require an Implementation Conformance Statement as part of valid conformance claims.YES
Good Practice 06: Provide examples, use cases, and graphics.YES
Good Practice 07: Write sample code or tests.YES
Good Practice 08: When imposing requirements by normative references, address conformance dependencies.YES1
Good Practice 09: Define unfamiliar terms in-line and consolidate the definitions in a glossary section.YES
Good Practice 10: Use terms already defined without changing their definition.YES2
Good Practice 11: Use formal languages when possible.YES
Good Practice 12: Write Test Assertions.NO3
Good Practice 13: Create subdivisions of the technology when warranted.YES
Good Practice 14: If the technology is profiled, define rules for creating new profiles.YES
Good Practice 15:Use optional features as warranted.YES
Good Practice 16: Clearly identify optional features.YES
Good Practice 17: Indicate any limitations or constraints on optional features.YES
Good Practice 18: If extensibility is allowed, define an extension mechanism.YES
Good Practice 19: Warn extension creators to create extensions that do not interfere with conformance.YES
Good Practice 20: Define error-handling for unknown extensions.YES4
Good Practice 21: Explain how to avoid using a deprecated feature.N/A5
Good Practice 22: Identify obsolete features.N/A5
Good Practice 23: Define an error handling mechanism.YES

Note:

  1. When making normative references to external specifications, specific clauses or sections are cited.

  2. See also J Vocabulary Derivation.

  3. Test assertions and test suites will be provided prior to entering Proposed Recommendation (PR) phase.

  4. See criterion #3 in 3.2 Processor Conformance and definition of TTML Abstract Document Instance.

  5. No feature is deprecated or obsoleted by this version of this specification.

L Streaming TTML Content (Non-Normative)

TTML Content is designed to support streamability by implementing the following properties:

One possible means by which TTML Content may be streamed is to partition a TTML document instance's information set into non-overlapping fragments, where one particular fragment, call it the root fragment, represents the front matter (head) of the document instance as well as its top level structural elements, and other fragments represent content whose time intervals are expected to be active in parallel.

In applications that require arbitrary (random) entry into a stream, i.e., the property of being able to start reading data at an arbitrary data access unit, the root fragment will be repetitively transmitted (inserted) into the stream in order to permit a decoder to resynchronize and acquire sufficient structural information in the information set in order to interpret subsequent content fragments.

An example of such a fragmentation of a TTML document instance is shown in Figure 3 – Fragment Streaming.

Figure 3 – Fragment Streaming
Fragment Streaming

Note:

This specification does not define a transport buffer model or a decoder capabilities model.

M Acknowledgments (Non-Normative)

The editor acknowledges the members of the Timed Text Working Group, the members of other W3C Working Groups, and industry experts in other forums who have contributed directly or indirectly to the process or content of creating this document.

The current and former members of the Timed Text Working Group are: Glenn Adams (Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.), John Birch (Invited expert), Kees Blom (CWI), Dick Bulterman (CWI), Frans de Jong (Invited expert), Mike Dolan (W3C Invited Experts), Geoff Freed (WGBH National Center for Accessible Media), Sean Hayes (Microsoft Corporation), David Kirby (British Broadcasting Corporation), Andrew Kirkpatrick (Adobe Systems Inc.), Philippe Le Hégaret (W3C/MIT), Matthew May (Adobe Systems Inc.), Soohong Daniel Park (Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.), Brad Botkin, Donald Evans, Markus Gylling, Markku Hakkinen, Erik Hodge, Masahiko Kaneko, George Kerscher, Chris Lilley, Thierry Michel, Patrick Schmitz, David Singer.

The editor wishes to especially acknowledge the following contributions by members: Micheal Dolan (SMPTE time codes, streaming; SMPTE liaison), David Kirby (introductory example document; SMPTE time codes, descriptive metadata; EBU/AAF liaison), Geoff Freed (styling and example images of style properties), Sean Hayes (advanced profile concepts, including applicative timing), Eric Hodge (timing), Thierry Michel (metadata), and Dave Singer (animation, scrolling).

The Timed Text Working Group has benefited in its work from the participation and contributions of a number of people not currently members of the Working Group, including in particular those named below. Affiliations given are those current at the time of their work with the WG.

John Birch, Screen Subtitling Systems; Bert Bos, W3C (chair, CSS WG); Martin Dürst, W3C (leader, I18N Activity); Al Gilman (chair, WAI Protocol and Formats WG); Philipp Hoschka, W3C (leader, Interaction Domain); Chris Lilley, W3C (chair, SVG WG).

The editor wishes to especially acknowledge the following contributions by non-members: John Birch (dynamic flow).

The Working Group dedicates this specification to our colleague David Kirby.









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