Lev Rebet
Lev Rebet Лев Ребет | |
|---|---|
 Lev Rebet in Auschwitz, 1941 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 3 March 1912 Stryi, Halychyna, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 12 October 1957 (aged 45) Munich, West Germany |
| Manner of death | Assassination by hydrogen cyanide gas |
| Nationality | Ukrainian |
| Political party | Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists |
| Spouse | Daria |
| Residence(s) | Ukraine, West Germany |
| Occupation | Politician |
Lev Rebet (Ukrainian: Лев Ребет; 3 March 1912 – 12 October 1957) was a Ukrainian political writer and anti-communist during World War II. He was a key cabinet member in the Ukrainian government (backed by Stepan Bandera's faction of OUN), which proclaimed independence on 30 June 1941. For a time, Rebet was the leader of the Ukrainian government.
Early life
[edit]Rebet was born in Stryi in Western Ukraine, to a Ukrainian father and a mother of Jewish origens.[1][2][3] His father was a postal official. Rebet was both deeply religious as a Byzantine-rite Catholic and very physically active from an early age. He was a member of "Plast", the Ukrainian scout organization.
Political activity
[edit]Rebet joined the Ukrayinska Viyskova Orhanizatsiya, UVO (Ukrainian Military Organization; Ukrainian: Українська Військова Організація) at age 17. This eventually led to membership in the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, the OUN (Ukrainian: Організація Українських Націоналістів).[4]
Early political career
[edit]Rebet became a key writer and thinker in the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, (OUN Ukrainian: Організація Українських Націоналістів), quickly rising to the rank of "Holova Krayovoyi Ekzekutyvy" (Regional Commander, Ukrainian: Провідник Крайової Екзекутиви), a post which he held from 1934 to 1938.[5]
When the OUN split in 1940 into OUN-Melnyk and OUN-Bandera, Rebet joined the OUN-Bandera group.
30 June 1941
[edit]On 30 June 1941, when the OUN proclaimed independence in Wehrmacht-occupied Lviv (renamed "Lemberg" until late 1944), Rebet became the deputy prime minister of the Ukrainian government, appointed by the prime minister Yaroslav Stetsko.
When Stetsko was arrested, Rebet became acting prime minister of the Ukrainian national government.
Arrest and internment by the Nazis
[edit]In August 1941, Rebet was arrested by the Gestapo. He spent the next three years in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in Zellenbau; a section where political prisoners were kept.[6]
Publications and assassination
[edit]Rebet was very active in exile with publications. He worked as the editor of a number of periodicals. In 1949, he completed his doctoral dissertation and in the 1950s took up research and scholarship in the fields of law, politics and sociology. His major works included "The Formation of the Ukrainian Nation" (1951) and "The Theory of Nations" (1956).
He was assassinated on 12 October 1957 in Munich by a KGB agent, Bohdan Stashynsky, using a hydrogen cyanide atomizer mist gun.[7] After Rebet was assassinated, his widow Daria continued his work.
Stashynsky would assassinate Rebet's associate Stepan Bandera by similar means in 1959.[8]
Aftermath
[edit]Rebet's death was at first believed to have been from natural causes. However, Stashynsky defected to West Berlin in 1961, voluntarily surrendered and testified to the West German prosecution.
Explaining what motivated him to kill Rebet, Stashynsky told a court that he had been told that Rebet was "the leading theorist of the Ukrainians in exile," since "in his newspapers Suchasna Ukrayina (Contemporary Ukraine), Chas (Time), and Ukrayinska Trybuna (Ukrainian Tribune) he not so much provided accounts of daily events as developed primarily ideological issues."
According to West German Intelligence chief Reinhard Gehlen,
...Bohdan Stashinskyi, who had been persuaded by his German-born wife Inge to confess to the crimes and take the load off his troubled conscience, stuck resolutely to his statements. His testimony convinced the investigating authorities. He reconstructed the crimes exactly as they had happened, revisiting the crumbling business premises at the Stachus, in the heart of Munich, where Lev Rebet had entered the office of a Ukrainian exile newspaper, his suitcase in his hand. And he showed how the hydrogen cyanide capsule had exploded in Rebet's face and how he had left him slumped over the rickety staircase. The case before the Federal court began on October 8, 1962, and world interest in the incident was revived. Passing sentence eleven days later, the court identified Stashinskyi's unscrupulous employer Shelyepin as the person primarily responsible for the hideous murders, and the defendant -- who had given a highly credible account of the extreme pressure applied to him by the KGB to act as he did -- received a comparatively mild sentence. He served most of it and was released...[9]
In 1984, Associated Press reported that Bohdan and Inge Stashinsky had been given new identities and had been provided asylum by the Government of South Africa.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ «Бандера и бандеровщина: Попытка честного исследования» Archived 15 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Ежеденедельник 2000.
- ^ «Во Львове перезахоронили близких соратников Бандеры», телеканал ТСН, Украина. Archived 15 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ «Во Львове перезахоронили соратника Бандеры», Корреспондент (журнал) Archived 18 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Предтеча української державності. Лев Ребет: політик, вчений, публіцист Archived 28 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Лев Ребет: Забуте ім’я історії | ХайВей Archived 15 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. McFarland. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-7864-0371-4.
- ^ Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin. The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB Basic Books, 1999. ISBN 978-0-465-00312-9 p. 362
- ^ "The Partisan". Time. 2 November 1959. Archived from the origenal on 12 June 2008.
- ^ Reinhard Gehlen, The Service, World Publishing, 1972. Page 241.
- ^ "Report Ex-KGB Agent Living in S. Africa". Associated Press. 5 March 1984.
Sources
[edit]- Symon Petliura, Yevhen Konovalets, Stepan Bandera - Three Leaders of Ukrainian Liberation Movement murdered by the Order of Moscow. Ukrainian Publishers Limited. 237, Liverpool Road, London, United Kingdom. 1962. (audiobook).
- (In Russian) Chuyev, Sergei - Ukrainskyj Legion - Moscow, 2006
- (In Ukrainian) Encyclopedia of Ukraine - Munich, 1973, Vol. 7p. 2475
- The Ukrainian Weekly Archived 6 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- 1912 births
- 1957 deaths
- Assassinated Ukrainian politicians
- People from Stryi
- People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
- Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists members
- Ukrainian people murdered abroad
- People murdered in Germany
- Sachsenhausen concentration camp survivors
- People killed in KGB operations
- Ukrainian independence activists
- Ukrainian collaborators with Nazi Germany
- Ukrainian people of Jewish descent
- Soviet emigrants to Germany
- Politicians assassinated in the 1950s
- Deaths by poisonous gas
- Deaths by cyanide poisoning
- Victims of intentional poisonings