create a website

Are local workers better?off from foreign presence? A firm?level panel data analysis of a service industry. (2021). Hong, Dao Thi.
In: Bulletin of Economic Research.
RePEc:bla:buecrs:v:73:y:2021:i:2:p:276-294.

Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

Cited: 0

Citations received by this document

Cites: 50

References cited by this document

Cocites: 50

Documents which have cited the same bibliography

Coauthors: 0

Authors who have wrote about the same topic

Citations

Citations received by this document

    This document has not been cited yet.

References

References cited by this document

  1. Aitken, B., Harrison, A., & Lipsey, R. E. (1996). Wages and foreign ownership a comparative study of Mexico, Venezuela, and the United States. Journal of International Economics, 40(3), 345–371.

  2. Almond, P., & Ferner, A. (2007). American Multinationals in Europe: Managing Employment Relations Across National Borders. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  3. Anwar, S., & Sun, S. (2012). Trade liberalisation, market competition and wage inequality in China's manufacturing sector. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1268–1277.

  4. Arai, M. (2003). Wages, profits, and capital intensity: Evidence from matched worker‐firm data. Journal of Labor Economics, 21(3), 593–618.

  5. Asian Development Bank (ADB). (2019). Asia Integration Center – Tracking Asian Integration – Vietnam Profile. Retrieved from https://aric.adb.org/vietnam/data.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  6. Axarloglou, K., & Pournarakis, M. (2007). Do all foreign direct investment inflows benefit the local economy? The World Economy, 30(3), 424–445.

  7. Balsvik, R., & Haller, S. A. (2011). Foreign firms and host‐country productivity: Does the mode of entry matter? Oxford Economic Papers, 63(1), 158–186. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpq014.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  8. Barry, F., Gorg, H., & Strobl, E. (2005). Foreign direct investment and wages in domestic firms in Ireland: Productivity spillovers versus labour‐market crowding out. International Journal of the Economics of Business, 12(1), 67.

  9. Baum, C. F., Schaffer, M. E., & Stillman, S. (2007). Enhanced routines for instrumental variables/generalized method of moments estimation and testing. The Stata Journal, 7(4), 465–506.

  10. Berman, E., Bound, J., & Griliches, Z. (1994). Changes in the demand for skilled labor within US Manufacturing: Evidence from the annual survey of manufacturers. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 367–397.

  11. Brown, C., & Medoff, J. (2003). Firm age and wages. Journal of Labor Economics, 21(3), 677–697. https://doi.org/10.1086/374963.

  12. Budd, J. W., Konings, J., & Slaughter, M. J. (2005). Wages and international rent sharing in multinational firms. Review of Economics and Statistics, 87(1), 73–84.

  13. Chaudhuri, S., & Banerjee, D. (2010). Foreign capital inflow, skilled–unskilled wage inequality and unemployment of unskilled labour in a fair wage model. Economic Modelling, 27(1), 477–486.

  14. Cheng, L. K., & Kwan, Y. K. (2000). What are the determinants of the location of foreign direct investment? The Chinese experience. Journal of International Economics, 51(2), 379–400.

  15. Chidambaran Iyer, G. (2012). Wage spillovers in Indian manufacturing. Singapore Economic Review, 57(1). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217590812500063.

  16. Conyon, M. J., Girma, S., Thompson, S., & Wright, P. W. (2002). The productivity and wage effects of foreign acquisition in the United Kingdom. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 50(1), 85–102.

  17. De Fraja, G. (1993). Unions and wages in public and private firms: A game‐theoretic analysis. Oxford Economic Papers, 457–469.

  18. Dormann, C. F., Elith, J., Bacher, S., Buchmann, C., Carl, G., Carré, G., … Leitão, P. J. (2013). Collinearity: A review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performance. Ecography, 36(1), 27–46.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  19. Doytch, N., & Uctum, M. (2011). Does the worldwide shift of fdi from manufacturing to services accelerate economic growth? A GMM estimation study. Journal of International Money and Finance, 30(3), 410–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2011.01.001.

  20. Driffield, N. (1999). Indirect employment effects of foreign direct investment into the UK. Bulletin of Economic Research, 51(3), 207–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00079.

  21. Driffield, N., & Girma, S. (2003). Regional foreign direct investment and wage spillovers: Plant level evidence from the UK electronics industry. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 65(4), 453–474.

  22. Driffield, N., & Taylor, K. (2006). Wage spillovers, inter‐regional effects and the impact of inward investment. Spatial Economic Analysis, 1(2), 187–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/17421770601009825.

  23. Elliott, R. J. R., & Zhou, Y. (2015). Co‐location and spatial wage spillovers in China: The role of foreign ownership and trade. World Development, 66, 629–644.

  24. Fox, J. (1991). Regression diagnostics: An introduction (Vol. 79). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  25. Girma, S., Greenaway, D., & Wakelin, K. (1999). Wages, Productivity and Foreign Ownership in UK Manufacturing. Centre for Research on Globalisation and Labour Markets.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  26. Goldberg, P. K., Khandelwal, A. K., Pavcnik, N., & Topalova, P. (2010). Imported intermediate inputs and domestic product growth: Evidence from India. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 125(4), 1727–1767.

  27. Görg, H., & Greenaway, D. (2004). Much ado about nothing? do domestic firms really benefit from foreign direct investment? The World Bank Research Observer, 19(2), 171–197.

  28. Hale, G., & Long, C. (2011). Did foreign direct investment put an upward pressure on wages in China. IMF Economic Review, 59(3), 404–430. https://doi.org/10.1057/imfer.2011.14.

  29. Hall, A. R. (2005). Generalized Method of Moments. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  30. Hoi, L. Q., & Pomfret, R. (2010). Foreign direct investment and wage spillovers in Vietnam: Evidence from firm level data. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 27(2), 159–172.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  31. Javorcik, B. S. (2004). Does foreign direct investment increase the productivity of domestic firms? In search of spillovers through backward linkages. The American Economic Review, 94(3), 605–627.

  32. Jeong, H.‐G. (2014). The determinants of foreign direct investment in the business services industry. International Economic Journal, 28(3), 475–495.

  33. Lipsey, R. E., & Sjöholm, F. (2004). FDI and wage spillovers in indonesian manufacturing. Review of World Economics, 140(2), 321–332.

  34. Mastromarco, C. (2008). Foreign capital and effficiency in developing countries. Bulletin of Economic Research, 60(4), 351–374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.2008.00283.x.

  35. Muñoz‐Bullón, F., & Sánchez‐Bueno, M. J. (2013). Multinationals: The contingent effect of skill composition. International Business Review, 22(6), 918–931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2013.01.009.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  36. Newman, C., Rand, J., Talbot, T., & Tarp, F. (2015). Technology transfers, foreign investment and productivity spillovers. European Economic Review, 76, 168–187.

  37. Pittiglio, R., Reganati, F., & Sica, E. (2015). Do multinational enterprises push up the wages of domestic firms in the Italian manufacturing sector? The Manchester School, 83(3), 346–378. https://doi.org/10.1111/manc.12076.

  38. Ramasamy, B., & Yeung, M. (2010). The determinants of foreign direct investment in services. The World Economy, 33(4), 573–596. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01256.x.

  39. Sjöholm, F., & Lipsey, Robert E. (2006). Foreign firms and Indonesian manufacturing wages: An analysis with panel data. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 55(1), 201–221. https://doi.org/10.1086/505723.

  40. Smirnov, N. V. (1939). Estimate of deviation between empirical distribution functions in two independent samples. Bulletin Moscow University, 2(2), 3–16.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  41. Srithanpong, T. (2014). Productivity and wage spillovers from FDI in Thailand: Evidence from plant‐level analysis (Vol. 29, pp. 11). Bangkok: Thailand Development Research Institute Foundation (TDRI).
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  42. Taylor, K., & Driffield, N. (2005). Wage inequality and the role of multinationals: Evidence from UK panel data. Labour Economics, 12(2), 223–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2003.11.003.

  43. Te Velde, D., & Morrissey, O. (2004). Foreign direct investment, skills and wage inequality in East Asia. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 9(3), 348–369.

  44. Tomohara, A., & Takii, S. (2011). Does globalization benefit developing countries? Effects of FDI on local wages. Journal of Policy Modeling, 33(3), 511–521.

  45. UNCTAD. (2017). World Investment Report 2017. Retrieved from https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2017_en.pdf.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  46. Villarreal, A., & Sakamoto, A. (2011). Bringing the firms into globalization research: The effects of foreign investment and exports on wages in Mexican manufacturing firms. Social Science Research, 40(3), 885–901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2010.12.011.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  47. Villaverde, J., & Maza, A. (2015). The determinants of inward foreign direct investment: Evidence from the European regions. International Business Review, 24(2), 209–223.

  48. World Bank (WB). (2017). World Development Indicators – Vietnam Profile. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/country/vietnam.

  49. Yin, G., Ma, Y., Liang, F., & Yuan, Y. (2011). Stochastic generalized method of moments. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 20(3), 714–727. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2011.09210.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  50. Zhao, Y. (2001). Foreign direct investment and relative wages: The case of China. China Economic Review, 12(1), 40–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1043-951X(01)00042-6.

Cocites

Documents in RePEc which have cited the same bibliography

  1. Ownership and Wages: Estimating Public-Private and Foreign-Domestic Differentials with LEED from Hungary, 1986–2003. (2007). Telegdy, Almos ; Earle, John.
    In: Upjohn Working Papers and Journal Articles.
    RePEc:upj:weupjo:07-134.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  2. Foreign Firms, Domestic Wages. (2007). Schjerning, Bertel ; Markusen, James ; Malchow-Møller, Nikolaj ; Malchow-Moller, Nikolaj .
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:13001.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  3. Ownership and Wages: Estimating Public-Private and Foreign-Domestic Differentials using LEED from Hungary, 1986-2003. (2007). Telegdy, Almos ; Earle, John.
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:12997.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  4. Financial sector FDI and host countries: new and old lessons. (2007). Goldberg, Linda.
    In: Economic Policy Review.
    RePEc:fip:fednep:y:2007:i:mar:p:1-17:n:v.13no.1.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  5. FDI and the Consequences Towards more complete capture of spillover effects. (2006). Schoors, Koen ; Merlevede, Bruno.
    In: Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium.
    RePEc:rug:rugwps:06/372.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  6. Is There Really a Foreign Ownership Wage Premium? Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee Data. (2006). Tingvall, Patrik ; Sjöholm, Fredrik ; Heyman, Fredrik.
    In: Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:0674.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  7. IS THERE REALLY A FOREIGN OWNERSHIP WAGE PREMIUM? EVIDENCE FROM MATCHED EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE DATA. (2006). Tingvall, Patrik ; Sjöholm, Fredrik ; Heyman, Fredrik.
    In: EIJS Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:hhs:eijswp:0230.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  8. The Effects of FDI Inflows on Host Country Economic Growth. (2006). Johnson, Andreas.
    In: Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation.
    RePEc:hhs:cesisp:0058.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  9. Offshoring in a Knowledge Economy. (2005). Rossi-Hansberg, Esteban ; Garicano, Luis ; Antras, Pol.
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:11094.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  10. Multinationals and Plant Exit: Evidence from Chile. (2005). Görg, Holger ; Alvarez, Roberto.
    In: IZA Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:iza:izadps:dp1611.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  11. FDI Inflows to Sweden Consequences for Innovation and Renewal. (2005). Lööf, Hans ; Johansson, Börje.
    In: Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation.
    RePEc:hhs:cesisp:0036.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  12. The New Regionalism: Integration as a Commitment Device for Developing Countries. (2004). Waldkirch, Andreas.
    In: International Trade.
    RePEc:wpa:wuwpit:0412004.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  13. The labor market effects of foreign-owned firms. (2004). Almeida, Rita.
    In: Policy Research Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:3300.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  14. Moving Up or Moving Out? Anti-Sweatshop Activists and Labor Market Outcomes. (2004). Harrison, Ann ; Scorse, Jason .
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:10492.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  15. Does foreign ownership matter for survival and growth? Dynamics of competition and foreign direct investment. (2004). Taymaz, Erol ; Ozler, Sule .
    In: ERC Working Papers.
    RePEc:met:wpaper:0406.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  16. Do Foreign Firms Really Pay Higher Wages? Evidence from Different Estimators. (2004). Martins, Pedro.
    In: IZA Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:iza:izadps:dp1388.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  17. Foreign ownership and effects on employment and wages: The case of Sweden. (2004). Svedin, Dick ; Nordström, Jonas ; Nordstrom, Jonas ; Brannlund, Runar.
    In: Umeå Economic Studies.
    RePEc:hhs:umnees:0638.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  18. Do Workers Benefit from Foreign Ownership? Evidence from Swedish manufacturing. (2004). Bandick, Roger.
    In: Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:hhs:fiefwp:0201.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  19. Is there Really a Foreign Ownership Wage Premium? Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee Data. (2004). Tingvall, Patrik ; Sjöholm, Fredrik ; Heyman, Fredrik.
    In: Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:hhs:fiefwp:0199.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  20. IS THERE REALLY A FOREIGN OWNERSHIP WAGE PREMIUM?EVIDENCE FROM MATCHED EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE DATA.. (2004). Tingvall, Patrik ; Sjöholm, Fredrik ; Heyman, Fredrik.
    In: EIJS Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:hhs:eijswp:0206.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  21. HOST COUNTRY IMPACTS OF INWARD FDI: WHY SUCH DIFFERENT ANSWERS?. (2004). Sjöholm, Fredrik ; Lipsey, Robert.
    In: EIJS Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:hhs:eijswp:0192.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  22. Spillovers from Foreign Firms through Worker Mobility: An Empirical Investigation. (2004). Strobl, Eric ; Görg, Holger.
    In: Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin.
    RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp463.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  23. Does Foreign Direct Investment Increase the Productivity of Domestic Firms? In Search of Spillovers Through Backward Linkages. (2004). Javorcik, Beata.
    In: American Economic Review.
    RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:94:y:2004:i:3:p:605-627.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  24. Globalization and workers in developing countries. (2003). Rama, Martin.
    In: Policy Research Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:2958.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  25. Foreign Firms and Indonesian Manufacturing Wages: An Analysis With Panel Data. (2003). Sjöholm, Fredrik ; Lipsey, Robert.
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:9417.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  26. The Effects of Foreign Owned Firms on the Labor Market. (2003). Almeida, Rita.
    In: IZA Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:iza:izadps:dp785.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  27. Adjusting Labour Demand: Multinational versus National Firms- A Cross-European Analysis. (2003). Turrini, Alessandro ; Checchi, Daniele ; Barba Navaretti, Giorgio.
    In: CEPR Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:3751.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  28. Wages and International Rent Sharing in Multinational Firms. (2002). Konings, Jozef ; Budd, John ; Slaughter, Matthew J..
    In: William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series.
    RePEc:wdi:papers:2002-522.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  29. Economic Insecurity and the Globalization of Production. (2002). Scheve, Kenneth ; Slaughter, Matthew .
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:9339.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  30. International Rent Sharing in Multinational Firms. (2002). Konings, Jozef ; Budd, John ; Slaughter, Matthew J..
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:8809.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  31. Spillovers From Foreign Firms Through Worker Mobility: An Empirical Investigation. (2002). Strobl, Eric ; Görg, Holger.
    In: IZA Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:iza:izadps:dp591.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  32. Why Do Foreign-Owned Firms Pay More? The Role of On-the-Job Training. (2002). Walsh, Frank ; Strobl, Eric ; Görg, Holger.
    In: IZA Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:iza:izadps:dp590.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  33. Wages and International Rent Sharing in Multinational Firms. (2002). Konings, Jozef ; Budd, John ; Slaughter, Matthew J..
    In: IZA Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:iza:izadps:dp560.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  34. International Rent Sharing in Multinational Firms. (2002). Budd, John ; Slaughter, Matthew J..
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:hrr:papers:0202.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  35. Foreign Firms and Indonesian Manufacturing Wages: An Analysis with Panel Data. (2002). Sjöholm, Fredrik ; Lipsey, Robert.
    In: EIJS Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:hhs:eijswp:0166.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  36. Much Ado About Nothing? Do Domestic Firms Really Benefit from Foreign Investment?. (2002). Görg, Holger ; Greenaway, Sir David.
    In: CEPR Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:3485.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  37. International Rent Sharing in Multinational Firms. (2002). Konings, Jozef ; Budd, John ; Slaughter, Matthew .
    In: CEPR Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:3326.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  38. Investment Liberalization - Who Benefits from Cross Border Mergers. (2002). Persson, Lars ; Norbäck, Pehr-Johan.
    In: CEPR Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:3166.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  39. Can the Workplace Explain Canadian Gender Pay Differentials?. (2002). Drolet, Marie .
    In: Canadian Public Policy.
    RePEc:cpp:issued:v:28:y:2002:i:s1:p:41-63.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  40. Foreign Direct Investment and Wages in Indonesian Manufacturing. (2001). Sjöholm, Fredrik ; Lipsey, Robert.
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:8299.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  41. Investment Liberalization - Who Benefits from Cross-Border Mergers & Acquisitions?. (2001). Persson, Lars ; Norbäck, Pehr-Johan.
    In: Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:0569.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  42. Estimating the Knowledge-Capital Model of the Multinational Enterprise. (2001). Markusen, James ; Maskus, Keith ; Carr, David L..
    In: American Economic Review.
    RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:91:y:2001:i:3:p:693-708.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  43. Are Profits Shared Across Borders? Evidence on International Rent Sharing. (2000). Budd, John ; Slaughter, Matthew J..
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:8014.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  44. Interpreting Developed Countries Foreign Direct Investment. (2000). Lipsey, Robert.
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:7810.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  45. Union Wage Effects in the Presence of Enterprise Bargaining. (2000). Wooden, Mark.
    In: Melbourne Institute Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:iae:iaewps:wp2000n07.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  46. The Effects of Direct Foreign Investment on Local Communities. (1999). Figlio, David ; Blonigen, Bruce.
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:7274.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  47. Foreign-Affiliate Activity and U.S. Skill Upgrading. (1999). Blonigen, Bruce ; Slaughter, Matthew J..
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:7040.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  48. Foreign Ownership and Wages in the United States, 1987 - 1992. (1999). Lipsey, Robert ; Feliciano, Zadia.
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:6923.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  49. An Industry Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment in Spanish Manufacturing, 1986-1992.. (1998). Bajo-Rubio, Oscar.
    In: Documentos de Trabajo - Lan Gaiak Departamento de Economía - Universidad Pública de Navarra.
    RePEc:nav:ecupna:9804.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  50. Foreign direct investment in a process of economic integration: The case of Spanish manufacturing, 1986-1992. (). Bajo-Rubio, Oscar ; Carmen López-Pueyo, .
    In: Studies on the Spanish Economy.
    RePEc:fda:fdaeee:126.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

Coauthors

Authors registered in RePEc who have wrote about the same topic

Report date: 2025-02-28 20:58:06 || Missing content? Let us know

CitEc is a RePEc service, providing citation data for Economics since 2001. Sponsored by INOMICS. Last updated October, 6 2023. Contact: CitEc Team.

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy