create a website

Fiscal policy and regional output volatility : Evidence from Russia. (2013). Fungáčová, Zuzana ; Fidrmuc, Jarko ; Eller, Markus ; Fungaova, Zuzana.
In: BOFIT Discussion Papers.
RePEc:bof:bofitp:2013_013.

Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

Cited: 6

Citations received by this document

Cites: 48

References cited by this document

Cocites: 50

Documents which have cited the same bibliography

Coauthors: 0

Authors who have wrote about the same topic

Citations

Citations received by this document

  1. Fiscal multipliers in Russia. (2018). Vlasov, Sergey ; Deryugina, Elena.
    In: Bank of Russia Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:bkr:wpaper:wps28.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  2. Does Bank Liquidity Creation Contribute to Economic Growth? Evidence from Russia. (2015). Weill, Laurent ; Fungáčová, Zuzana ; Fidrmuc, Jarko ; Fungaova, Zuzana.
    In: Open Economies Review.
    RePEc:kap:openec:v:26:y:2015:i:3:p:479-496.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  3. Does bank liquidity creation contribute to economic growth? Evidence from Russia. (2015). Fidrmuc, Jarko ; Weill, Laurent ; Fungacova, Zuzana .
    In: BOFIT Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:bof:bofitp:urn:nbn:fi:bof-201503111110.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  4. Does bank liquidity creation contribute to economic growth? Evidence from Russia. (2015). Weill, Laurent ; Fungáčová, Zuzana ; Fidrmuc, Jarko ; Fungaova, Zuzana.
    In: BOFIT Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:bof:bofitp:2015_007.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  5. .

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

References

References cited by this document

  1. Ahmed, A. D., Suardi, S. (2009). Macroeconomic Volatility, Trade and Financial Liberalization in Africa. World Development 37 (10), 1623-1636.

  2. Ahrend, R. (2012). Understanding Russian Regions’ Economic Performance During Periods of Decline and Growth—An Extreme Bound Analysis Approach. Economic Systems 36, 426-443.

  3. Aizenman, J., Marion, N. (1999). Volatility and Investment: Interpreting Evidence from Developing Countries. Economica 66, 157-179.

  4. Alexeev, M., Weber, S. (2013). Russian Fiscal Federalism: Impact of Political and Fiscal (De)centralization. CEPR Discussion Paper No. 9356.

  5. Andrés, J., Doménech, R., Fatás, A. (2008). The Stabilizing Role of Government Size.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  6. Beck, T., Lundberg, M., Majnoni, G. (2006). Financial Intermediary Development and Growth Volatility: Do Intermediaries Dampen or Magnify Shocks? Journal of International Money and Finance 25 (7), 1146-1167.

  7. Bekaert, G., Harvey, C., Lundblad, C. (2006). Growth Volatility and Financial Liberalization.

  8. Blanchard, O. (1993). Suggestions for a New Set of Fiscal Indicators. In: Verbon, H., van Winden, F. (eds.). The New Political Economy of Government Debt. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  9. Blundell, R., Bond, S. (1998). Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models. Journal of Econometrics 87 (1), 115-143.

  10. Buti, M., van den Noord, P. (2004). Fiscal Policy in EMU: Rules Discretion and Political Incentives. European Commission, DG for Economic and Financial Affairs, European Economy No. 206, July 2004.

  11. Chami, R., Hakura, D. S., Montiel, P. J. (2012). Do Worker Remittances Reduce Output Volatility in Developing Countries? Journal of Globalization and Development 3 (1), 1-23.

  12. Cheng, L. (2010). Government Size and Macroeconomic Stability: Sub-National Evidence from China. MPRA Paper No. 28226, Munich Personal RePEc Archive.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  13. Crespo Cuaresma, J., Reitschuler, G., Silgoner, M. (2011). On the Effectiveness and Limits of Fiscal Stabilizers. Applied Economics 43 (9), 1079-1086.

  14. Debrun, X., Pisani-Ferry, J., Sapir, A. (2008). Government Size and Output Volatility: Should We Forsake Automatic Stabilization? International Monetary Fund, IMF Working Paper 08/122, May 2008.

  15. Denizer, C., Iyigun, M., Owen, A. (2002). Finance and Macroeconomic Volatility. Contributions to Macroeconomics 2(1), The Berkeley Electronic Press.

  16. Deroose, S., Larch, M., Schaechter, A. (2008). Constricted, Lame and Pro-cyclical? Fiscal Policy in the Euro Area Revisited. European Commission, DG ECFIN, Economic papers No. 353, December 2008.

  17. Desai, R. M., Freinkman, L. M., Goldberg, I. (2003). Fiscal Federalism and Regional Economic Growth: Evidence from the Russian Federation in the 1990s. World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper No. 3138, September 2003.

  18. Di Giovanni, J., Levchenko, A. A. (2009). Trade Openness and Volatility. The Review of Economics and Statistics 91 (3), 558-585.

  19. Dutt, P., Mitra, D. (2008). Inequality and the Instability of Polity and Policy. The Economic Journal 118, 1285-1314.

  20. EBRD (2012). Diversifying Russia: Harnessing Regional Diversity. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, special report, December 2012.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  21. Eller, M. (2009). Fiscal Position and Size of Automatic Stabilizers in the CESEE EU Member States – Implications for Discretionary Measures. Oesterreichische Nationalbank, Focus on European Economic Integration Q2/09: 78–84.

  22. European Economic Review 47, 337-352. Berkowitz, D., DeJong, D. N. (2011). Growth in Post-Soviet Russia: A Tale of Two Transitions.

  23. Evrensel, A. Y. (2010). Corruption, Growth and Growth Volatility. International Review of Economics and Finance 19, 501-514.

  24. Fatás, A., Mihov, I. (2001). Government Size and Automatic Stabilizers: International and Intranational Evidence. Journal of International Economics 55 (1), 3-28.

  25. Fatás, A., Mihov, I. (2003). The Case for Restricting Fiscal Policy Discretion. Quarterly Journal of Economics 118 (4), 1419-1447.

  26. Ferreira da Silva, G. (2002). The impact of financial system development on business cycles volatility: cross-country evidence. Journal of Macroeconomics 24 (2), 233253.

  27. Fidrmuc, J., Scharler, J. (2013). Financial Development and the Magnitude of Business Cycle Fluctuations in OECD Countries. Applied Economics Letters, forthcoming.

  28. Freinkman, L. M., Plekhanov, A. (2010). Fiscal Decentralization and the Quality of Public Services in Russian Regions. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, EBRD Working Paper No. 111, February 2010.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  29. Furceri, D. (2010). Long-run Growth and Volatility: Which Source Really Matters? Applied Economics 42, 1865-1874.

  30. Guriev, S., Vakulenko, E. (2012). Convergence between Russian regions. CEFIR/NES Working Paper No. 180.

  31. Hegerty, S. W. (2012). Output Volatility and Its Transmission in Transition Economies: Implications for European Integration. Journal of Economic Integration 27 (4), 520-536.

  32. Huizinga, H., Zhu, D. (2006). Financial Structure and Macroeconomic Volatility: Theory and Evidence. CEPR Discussion Papers No. 5697.

  33. Imbs, J. (2007). Growth and Volatility. Journal of Monetary Economics 54, 1848-1862.

  34. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 79 (1-2), 133-143. Blackburn, K. (1999). Can Stabilization Policy Reduce Long-Run Growth? The Economic Journal 109, 67-77.

  35. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 32, 571-593. Arellano, M., Bover, O. (1995). Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models. Journal of Econometrics 68 (1), 29-51.

  36. Journal of Financial Economics 80, 677-722. Rodrik, D. (1998). Why Do More Open Economies Have Bigger Governments. Journal of Political Economy 106, 997-1032.

  37. Journal of International Money and Finance 25 (7), 370-403. Berkowitz, D., DeJong, D. N. (2003). Policy Reform and Growth in Post-Soviet Russia.

  38. Kalemli-Ozcan, S., Sorensen, B. E., Volosovych, V. (2010). Deep Financial Integration and Volatility. The National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER Working Paper No. 15900, April 2010.

  39. Karras, G., Song, F. (1996). Sources of Business-Cycle Volatility: An Exploratory Study on a Sample of OECD Countries. Journal of Macroeconomics 18, 621–637.

  40. Klomp, J. and De Haan, J. (2009). Political Institutions and Economic Volatility. European Journal of Political Economy 25, 311-326.

  41. Kwon, G., Spilimbergo, A. (2005). Russia’s Regions: Income Volatility, Labor Mobility, and Fiscal Policy. International Monetary Fund, IMF Working Paper 05/185, September 2005.

  42. Malik, A., Temple, J. (2009). The Geography of Output Volatility. Journal of Development Economics 90, 163-178.

  43. Markus Eller, Jarko Fidrmuc and Zuzana Fungáčová Fiscal policy and regional output volatility: Evidence from Russia 40 Galí, J. (1994). Government Size and Macroeconomic Stability. European Economic Review 38, 117-132.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  44. Mobarak, A. M. (2005). Democracy, Volatility, and Economic Development. Review of Economics and Statistics 87 (2), 348-361.

  45. Morgan, D., Rime, B., Strahan, P. E. (2004). Bank Integration and State Business Cycles.

  46. Quarterly Journal of Economics 119 (4), 1555-1584. Ramey, G., Ramey, V. (1995). Cross-country Evidence on the Link between Volatility and Growth. The American Economic Review 85 (5), 1138-1151.

  47. Raddatz, C. (2006). Liquidity Needs and Vulnerability to Financial Underdevelopment.

  48. Yang, B. (2010). Political Democratization, Economic Liberalization, and Growth Volatility.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now

Cocites

Documents in RePEc which have cited the same bibliography

  1. Kidnapping rate and capital flight: Empirical evidence from developing countries. (2023). Ede, Obiajulu ; Okafor, Godwin.
    In: International Journal of Finance & Economics.
    RePEc:wly:ijfiec:v:28:y:2023:i:3:p:2590-2606.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  2. Impact of the Digital Economy and Financial Development on Residents’ Consumption Upgrading: Evidence from Mainland China. (2023). Guo, Xiaotong ; Chen, Dongjing.
    In: Sustainability.
    RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:10:p:8041-:d:1147416.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  3. Household welfare in the digital age: Assessing the effect of mobile money on household consumption volatility in developing countries. (2023). Apeti, Ablam Estel.
    In: World Development.
    RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:161:y:2023:i:c:s0305750x2200300x.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  4. Real sector macroeconomic stabilization and structural resilience in Africa. (2022). Krantz, Sebastian.
    In: Kiel Working Papers.
    RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:2229.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  5. Measuring the impact of violence on macroeconomic instability: evidence from developing countries. (2022). Jehan, Zainab ; Haroon, Rabia.
    In: Portuguese Economic Journal.
    RePEc:spr:portec:v:21:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1007_s10258-020-00188-y.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  6. Internet, Participation in International Trade, and Tax Revenue Instability. (2022). Gnangnon, Sena Kimm.
    In: Journal of Economic Integration.
    RePEc:ris:integr:0851.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  7. Household welfare in the digital age: Assessing the effect of mobile money on household consumption volatility in developing countries. (2022). Apeti, Ablam Estel.
    In: Post-Print.
    RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03819779.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  8. The importance of export diversification for national entrepreneurship density. (2022). Thanh, Su Dinh ; Dinhthanh, SU ; Nguyen, Bach.
    In: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics.
    RePEc:eee:streco:v:62:y:2022:i:c:p:114-129.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  9. Trade openness, financial openness, and macroeconomic volatility. (2022). Yao, Chi ; Jiang, Yiqing ; Ma, Yong.
    In: Economic Systems.
    RePEc:eee:ecosys:v:46:y:2022:i:1:s0939362521000820.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  10. The effects of financial openness and financial efficiency on Chinese macroeconomic volatilities. (2022). Liu, Lanfeng ; Wu, Zhouheng ; Yuan, Shenguo.
    In: The North American Journal of Economics and Finance.
    RePEc:eee:ecofin:v:63:y:2022:i:c:s1062940822001541.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  11. .

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  12. .

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  13. Employment growth in the face of exchange rate uncertainty: The role of trade and foreign equity finance. (2021). Dhasmana, Anubha.
    In: Southern Economic Journal.
    RePEc:wly:soecon:v:88:y:2021:i:1:p:79-117.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  14. Macroeconomic policy volatility and household consumption in Africa. (2021). Adelowokan, Oluwaseyi Adedayo ; Tella, Sheriffdeen Adewale ; Adekunle, Ibrahim Ayoade.
    In: SN Business & Economics.
    RePEc:spr:snbeco:v:1:y:2021:i:3:d:10.1007_s43546-021-00055-8.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  15. How does terms of trade volatility affect macroeconomic volatility? The roles of financial development and institutions. (2021). Njangang, Henri ; Ngameni, Joseph Pasky ; Kamguia, Brice ; Avom, Desire.
    In: International Economics.
    RePEc:eee:inteco:v:168:y:2021:i:c:p:98-114.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  16. Effect of Agricultural Investment On Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Role Does Institution Play?. (2021). Osinubi, Tolulope ; Apanisile, Olumuyiwa.
    In: International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics (IJFAEC).
    RePEc:ags:ijfaec:319736.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  17. Impact of economic growth volatility on income inequality: ASEAN experience. (2020). Ghosh, Sudeshna.
    In: Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology.
    RePEc:spr:qualqt:v:54:y:2020:i:3:d:10.1007_s11135-019-00960-z.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  18. Trade Openness and Economic Growth in SADC Countries. (2018). Khobai, hlalefang ; Moyo, Clement Zibusiso.
    In: Economia Internazionale / International Economics.
    RePEc:ris:ecoint:0834.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  19. Interest rate reforms and economic growth: the savings and investment channel. (2018). Moyo, Clement ; le Roux, Pierre.
    In: MPRA Paper.
    RePEc:pra:mprapa:85297.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  20. Trade openness and economic growth in SADC countries. (2018). Moyo, Clement ; Khobai, hlalefang.
    In: MPRA Paper.
    RePEc:pra:mprapa:84254.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  21. Trade openess and economic growth in SADC countries. (2018). Moyo, Clement ; Khobai, hlalefang.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:mnd:wpaper:1820.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  22. The impacts of international migrants’ remittances on household consumption volatility in developing countries. (2018). Mondal, Ripon Kumar ; Khanam, Rasheda.
    In: Economic Analysis and Policy.
    RePEc:eee:ecanpo:v:59:y:2018:i:c:p:171-187.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  23. Growth and Volatility Nexus in Sub†Saharan Africa. (2018). Mekonnen, Jemberu Lulie ; Dogruel, Ali Suut .
    In: African Development Review.
    RePEc:bla:afrdev:v:30:y:2018:i:2:p:175-186.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  24. Determinants of workers’ remittances: An empirical investigation for a panel of eleven developing Asian economies. (2017). Mallick, Hrushikesh.
    In: The World Economy.
    RePEc:bla:worlde:v:40:y:2017:i:12:p:2875-2900.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  25. Does FDI Dampen or Magnify Output Growth Volatility in the ECOWAS Region?. (2017). Ajide, Kazeem ; Osode, Oluwanbepelumi Esther .
    In: African Development Review.
    RePEc:bla:afrdev:v:29:y:2017:i:2:p:211-222.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  26. MOTIVATING FACTORS OF REMITTANCES INFLOWS INTO DEVELOPING ASIAN ECONOMIES. (2016). Mahalik, Mantu ; Mallick, Hrushikesh.
    In: The Singapore Economic Review (SER).
    RePEc:wsi:serxxx:v:61:y:2016:i:04:n:s0217590815500630.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  27. Can Greater Openness and Deeper Financial Development Drag ASEAN-5 into Another Series of Economic Crises?. (2016). Hazman, Samsudin.
    In: Asian Social Science.
    RePEc:ibn:assjnl:v:12:y:2016:i:8:p:125.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  28. Trade, growth and growth volatility: New panel evidence. (2016). Lin, Shu-Chin ; Kim, Dong-Hyeon ; Suen, Yu-Bo.
    In: International Review of Economics & Finance.
    RePEc:eee:reveco:v:45:y:2016:i:c:p:384-399.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  29. Integration of financial markets, financial development and growth: Is Africa different?. (2016). Ahmed, Abdullahi.
    In: Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money.
    RePEc:eee:intfin:v:42:y:2016:i:c:p:43-59.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  30. FISCAL POLICY, FDI AND MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION. (2016). Albulescu, Claudiu ; Ianc, Nicolae Bogdan .
    In: Review of Economic and Business Studies.
    RePEc:aic:revebs:y:2016:j:18:albulescut.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  31. Agricultural Production and Trade Structure Profile in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). (2016). , ; Selby, R ; Smutka, L.
    In: AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics.
    RePEc:ags:aolpei:241371.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  32. Remittances and Macroeconomic Volatility in African Countries. (2015). Jidoud, Ahmat.
    In: IMF Working Papers.
    RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2015/049.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  33. Is Africa Actually Developing?. (2015). King, Alan ; Ramlogan-Dobson, Carlyn .
    In: World Development.
    RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:66:y:2015:i:c:p:598-613.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  34. Do International Capital Flows Worsen Macroeconomic Volatility in Transition Economies?. (2014). Hegerty, Scott.
    In: Bulletin of Applied Economics.
    RePEc:rmk:rmkbae:v:1:y:2014:i:1:p:1-13.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  35. The impact of financial openness, trade openness on macroeconomic volatility in Pakistan: ARDL Co Integration approach. (2014). Alam, Shaista ; Mujahid, Hira.
    In: MPRA Paper.
    RePEc:pra:mprapa:113234.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  36. Macroeconomic Factors and Dynamics of Financial Deepening: An empirical Investigation applied to the CEMAC Sub-region. (2014). NGUENA, Christian ; Christian-Lambert, NGUENA ; Roger, NANFOSSO .
    In: Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute..
    RePEc:agd:wpaper:14/015.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  37. Macroeconomic Factors and Dynamics of Financial Deepening: An empirical Investigation applied to the CEMAC Sub-region. (2014). NGUENA, Christian ; Nanfosso, Roger Tsafack.
    In: Research Africa Network Working Papers.
    RePEc:abh:wpaper:14/015.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  38. .

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  39. Financial Market Diversity and Macroeconomic Stability. (2013). Weller, Christian ; Zulfiqar, Ghazal .
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:uma:periwp:wp332.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  40. Selected aspects and specifics of the economic development in sub-Saharan Africa. (2013). Tomik, Karel ; Smutka, Lubo .
    In: Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis.
    RePEc:mup:actaun:actaun_2013061020517.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  41. Effects of financial liberalization on financial market development and economic performance of the SSA region: An empirical assessment. (2013). Ahmed, Abdullahi.
    In: Economic Modelling.
    RePEc:eee:ecmode:v:30:y:2013:i:c:p:261-273.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  42. Trend shocks and economic development. (2013). Tripier, Fabien ; Naoussi, Claude Francis .
    In: Journal of Development Economics.
    RePEc:eee:deveco:v:103:y:2013:i:c:p:29-42.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  43. Trend Shocks and Economic Development. (2013). Tripier, Fabien ; Naoussi, Claude Francis .
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:cii:cepidt:2013-03.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  44. Fiscal policy and regional output volatility : Evidence from Russia. (2013). Fungáčová, Zuzana ; Fidrmuc, Jarko ; Eller, Markus ; Fungaova, Zuzana.
    In: BOFIT Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:bof:bofitp:2013_013.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  45. Financial Deepening Dynamics and Implication for Financial Policy Coordination in a Monetary Union: the case of WAEMU. (2013). NGUENA, Christian ; Nanfosso, Roger Tsafack.
    In: AAYE Policy Research Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:aay:wpaper:13_005.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  46. What Drives and Limits Financial Deepening Dynamics? Fresh Empirical-based Policy Lessons for African Sub-Regions. (2013). NGUENA, Christian ; Nanfosso, Roger Tsafack.
    In: AAYE Policy Research Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:aay:wpaper:13_003.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  47. Remittances and Household Consumption Instability in Developing Countries. (2011). Ebeke, Christian Hubert ; Combes, Jean-Louis.
    In: World Development.
    RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:39:y:2011:i:7:p:1076-1089.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  48. Finance and consumption volatility: Evidence from India. (2011). Ang, James.
    In: Journal of International Money and Finance.
    RePEc:eee:jimfin:v:30:y:2011:i:6:p:947-964.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  49. International Financial Integration, Investment and Economic Performance in Sub-Saharan African Countries. (2011). Ahmed, Abdullahi.
    In: Global Economy Journal.
    RePEc:bpj:glecon:v:11:y:2011:i:4:n:5.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  50. Remittances and Household Consumption Instability in Developing Countries. (2010). Ebeke, Christian Hubert ; Combes, Jean-Louis.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:cdi:wpaper:1165.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

Coauthors

Authors registered in RePEc who have wrote about the same topic

Report date: 2025-03-01 05:03:38 || Missing content? Let us know

CitEc is a RePEc service, providing citation data for Economics since 2001. Sponsored by INOMICS. Last updated October, 6 2023. Contact: CitEc Team.

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy