Ackerberg, D. A., Caves, K. and Frazer, G. (2015), ‘Identification properties of recent production function estimators’, Econometrica 83(6), 2411–2451.
Akerman, A., Leuven, E. and Mogstad, M. (2022), ‘Information frictions, internet, and the relationship between distance and trade’, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 14(1), 133–163.
Aksoy, C. G., Baur, A., Flach, L. and Javorcik, B. (2022), Reactions to supply chain disruptions: Evidence from German firms, EconPol Policy Brief 45, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.
Amiti, M. and Konings, J. (2007), ‘Trade liberalization, intermediate inputs, and productivity: Evidence from Indonesia’, American Economic Review 97(5), 1611–1638.
Andrews, D., Criscuolo, C. and Gal, P. N. (2015), ‘Frontier firms, technology diffusion and public policy’, OECD Productivity working papers 2.
Autor, D. H., Dorn, D. and Hanson, G. H. (2016), ‘The China shock: Learning from labor-market adjustment to large changes in trade’, Annual Review of Economics 8(1), 205–240.
Axenbeck, J. and Niebel, T. (2021), ‘Climate protection potentials of digitalized production processes: Microeconometric evidence?’, ZEW Discussion Paper 21-105.
- Bauer, M. and Erixon, F. (2020), Europe’s quest for technology sovereignty: Opportunities and pitfalls, ECIPE Occasional Paper.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Bernard, A. B., Jensen, J. B., Redding, S. J. and Schott, P. K. (2007), ‘Firms in international trade’, Journal of Economic perspectives 21(3), 105–130.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Bertschek, I., Briglauer, W., Hüschelrath, K., Kauf, B. and Niebel, T. (2015), ‘The economic impacts of broadband internet: A survey’, Review of Network Economics 14(4), 201–227.
Bogliacino, F., Guarascio, D. and Cirillo, V. (2018), ‘The dynamics of profits and wages: technology, offshoring and demand’, Industry and Innovation 25(8), 778–808.
- Brynjolfsson, E. and Hitt, L. (1995), ‘Information technology as a factor of production: The role of differences among firms’, Economics of Innovation and New technology 3(3-4), 183–200.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Brynjolfsson, E., Rock, D. and Syverson, C. (2019), Artificial intelligence and the modern productivity paradox: A clash of expectations and statistics, in A. Agrawal, J. Gans and A. Goldfarb, eds, ‘The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: An Agenda’, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 23–60.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Cadot, O., Carrère, C. and Strauss-Kahn, V. (2013), ‘Trade diversification, income, and growth: what do we know?’, Journal of Economic Surveys 27(4), 790–812.
- Calvino, F., Criscuolo, C., Marcolin, L. and Squicciarini, M. (2018), ‘A taxonomy of digital intensive sectors’, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers 2018/14.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Cardona, M., Kretschmer, T. and Strobel, T. (2013), ‘ICT and Productivity: Conclusions from the Empirical Literature’, Information Economics and Policy 25(3), 109–125.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Cette, G., Nevoux, S. and Py, L. (2022), ‘The impact of ICTs and digitalization on productivity and labor share: evidence from French firms’, Economics of Innovation and New Technology 31(8), 669– 692.
- Couture, S. and Toupin, S. (2019), ‘What does the notion of “sovereignty” mean when referring to the digital?’, new media & society 21(10), 2305–2322.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Criscuolo, C., Timmis, J. et al. (2017), ‘The relationship between global value chains and productivity’, International Productivity Monitor 32, 61–83.
De Loecker, J. and Goldberg, P. K. (2014), ‘Firm performance in a global market’, Annual Review of Economics 6(1), 201–227.
- Dhyne, E., Konings, J., Van den bosch, J. and Vanormelingen, S. (2021), ‘The return on information technology: Who benefits most?’, Information Systems Research 32(1), 194–211.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Draca, M., Sadun, R. and van Reenen, J. (2007), Productivity and ICT: A review of the evidence, in R. Mansell, ed., ‘The Oxford Handbook of Information and Communication Technologies’, Oxford University Press, pp. 100–147.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Duso, T. and Schiersch, A. (2022), ‘Let’s switch to the cloud: cloud adoption and its effect on IT investment and productivity’, DIW Discussion Paper 2017.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- EFI (2022), Research, innovation and technological performance in Germany - EFI Report 2022, Commission of Experts for Research and Innovation (EFI), Berlin.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- European Commission (2009), Common position (EC) No 13/2009 adopted by the Council on 16 February 2009 on community statistics relating to external trade with non-member countries and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 1172/95, Official Journal of the European Union.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Flach, L., Gröschl, J., Steininger, M., Teti, F., Baur, A., Gröschl, J. K. et al. (2022), ‘Internationale Wertschöpfungsketten–Reformbedarf und Möglichkeiten’, ifo Forschungsberichte (133).
Gandhi, A., Navarro, S. and Rivers, D. A. (2020), ‘On the identification of gross output production functions’, Journal of Political Economy 128(8), 2973–3016.
Hafner, K. A. and Kleinert, J. (2021), ‘Information related service trade within firms: evidence from firm-level data in germany’, Review of World Economics 157, 703–726.
Halpern, L., Koren, M. and Szeidl, A. (2015), ‘Imported inputs and productivity’, American Economic Review 105(12), 3660–3703.
Kasahara, H. and Rodrigue, J. (2008), ‘Does the use of imported intermediates increase productivity? Plant-level evidence’, Journal of Development Economics 87(1), 106–118.
- Kroll, H., Berghäuser, H., Blind, K., Neuhäusler, P., Scheifele, F., Thielmann, A. and Wydra, S. (2022), Schlüsseltechnologien, Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem 7-2022.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Le Mouel, M. and Schiersch, A. (2020), ‘Knowledge-based capital and productivity divergence’, DIW Discussion Paper 1868.
- March, C. and Schieferdecker, I. (2021), Technological sovereignty as ability, not autarky, CESifo Working Paper Series 9139, CESifo.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Marschak, J. and Andrews Jr., W. H. (1944), ‘Random simultaneous equations and the theory of production’, Econometrica 12(3/4), 143–205.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Miroudot, S. (2020), ‘Reshaping the policy debate on the implications of COVID-19 for global supply chains’, Journal of International Business Policy 3(4), 430–442.
- OECD (2011), Measuring trends in ICT trade: From HS2002 to HS2007, OECD Working Party on Indicators for the Information Society DSTI/ICCP/IIS(2010)5/FINAL, OECD Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Rasel, F. (2017), ‘ICT and global sourcing–evidence for German manufacturing and service firms’, Economics of Innovation and New Technology 26(7), 634–660.
Schivardi, F. and Schmitz, T. (2020), ‘The IT revolution and southern Europe’s two lost decades’, Journal of the European Economic Association 18(5), 2441–2486.
Schweikl, S. and Obermaier, R. (2020), ‘Lessons from three decades of it productivity research: towards a better understanding of it-induced productivity effects’, Management Review Quarterly 70(4), 461–507.
Shu, P. and Steinwender, C. (2019), ‘The impact of trade liberalization on firm productivity and innovation’, Innovation Policy and the Economy 19, 39–68.
URL: https://doi.org/10.1086/699932 Teza, G., Caraglio, M. and Stella, A. L. (2021), ‘Entropic measure unveils country competitiveness and product specialization in the World trade web’, Scientific reports 11(1), 1–11.
URL: https://doi.org/10.7208/9780226613475-003 Brynjolfsson, E., Rock, D. and Syverson, C. (2021), ‘The productivity J-curve: How intangibles complement general purpose technologies’, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 13(1), 333– 72.
- URL: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ac_20_260 von Greavenitz, K. and Rottner, E. (2022), ‘Do manufacturing plants respond to exogenous changes in electricity prices’, ZEW Discussion Paper 22-038.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52009AG0013 European Commission (2021a), ‘2030 digital compass: The European way for the digital decade’.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021DC0118 European Commission (2021b), ‘Proposal for a decision of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the 2030 Policy Programme “Path to the Digital Decade”’.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0574 European Commission (2022), ‘European declaration on digital rights and principles for the digital decade’.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/paper/5jrql2q2jj7b-en Andrews, D., Criscuolo, C. and Gal, P. N. (2016), ‘The best versus the rest’, OECD Productivity working papers 5.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- von der Leyen, U. (2020), ‘Shaping Europe’s digital future: op-ed by Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission’. European Commission.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Wagner, J. (2019), ‘Time zones and German exports: first evidence from firm-product level data’, Review of World Economic 155, 181–198. A Appendix