1. .

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2. AGING AND FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY IN A SMALL EURO AREA ECONOMY. (2017). Maria, José ; Félix, Ricardo ; Braz, Claudia Rodrigues ; Felix, Ricardo Mourinho ; Castro, Gabriela .
   In: Macroeconomic Dynamics.
   RePEc:cup:macdyn:v:21:y:2017:i:07:p:1673-1705_00.

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3. Role of R&D in the productivity growth of Korean industries: Technology gap and business cycle. (2016). Lee, Dongyeol.
   In: Journal of Asian Economics.
   RePEc:eee:asieco:v:45:y:2016:i:c:p:31-45.

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4. Unpleasant debt dynamics: Can fiscal consolidations raise debt ratios?. (2015). Maria, José ; Júlio, Paulo ; Félix, Ricardo ; Castro, Gabriela ; de Castro, Gabriela Lopes ; Felix, Ricardo Mourinho ; Julio, Paulo.
   In: Working Papers.
   RePEc:ptu:wpaper:w201501.

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5. Unpleasant debt dynamics: Can fiscal consolidations raise debt ratios?. (2015). Maria, José ; Júlio, Paulo ; Félix, Ricardo ; Castro, Gabriela ; Felix, Ricardo M..
   In: Journal of Macroeconomics.
   RePEc:eee:jmacro:v:44:y:2015:i:c:p:276-294.

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6. Unpleasant debt dynamics: Can fiscal consolidations raise debt ratios?. (2015). Maria, José ; Júlio, Paulo ; Félix, Ricardo ; Castro, Gabriela ; Julio, Paulo ; Felix, Ricardo M..
   In: CEFAGE-UE Working Papers.
   RePEc:cfe:wpcefa:2015_06.

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7. Investigating potential output using the Hodrick-Prescott filter: an application for Malta. (2014). Grech, Aaron.
   In: MPRA Paper.
   RePEc:pra:mprapa:57131.

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8. Potential output from a euro area perspective. (2014). Labhard, Vincent ; Jacquinot, Pascal ; Dieppe, Alistair ; Jarvis, Valerie ; Aranki, Ted ; Haroutunian, Stephan ; Anderton, Robert ; Rusinova, Desislava ; Elding, Catherine ; Szorfi, Bela .
   In: Occasional Paper Series.
   RePEc:ecb:ecbops:2014156.

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9. Fiscal multipliers in a small euro area economy: How big can they get in crisis times?. (2014). Maria, José ; Júlio, Paulo ; Félix, Ricardo ; Castro, Gabriela ; Felix, Ricardo M. ; Julio, Paulo.
   In: CEFAGE-UE Working Papers.
   RePEc:cfe:wpcefa:2014_07.

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10. Inside PESSOA -A Detailed Description of the Model. (2013). Maria, José ; Júlio, Paulo ; Félix, Ricardo ; Castro, Gabriela ; Almeida, Vanda ; de Castro, Gabriela Lopes ; Julio, Paulo.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:ptu:wpaper:w201316.

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11. Ageing and fiscal sustainability in a small euro area economy. (2013). Maria, José ; Félix, Ricardo ; Castro, Gabriela ; Braz, Claudia ; de Castro, Gabriela Lopes .
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:ptu:wpaper:w201304.

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12. Adapting the Hodrick-Prescott Filter for Very Small Open Economies. (2013). Grech, Aaron.
    In: MPRA Paper.
    RePEc:pra:mprapa:48803.

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13. Fiscal Consolidation in a Small Euro-Area Economy. (2013). Maria, José ; Félix, Ricardo ; Castro, Gabriela ; Almeida, Vanda.
    In: International Journal of Central Banking.
    RePEc:ijc:ijcjou:y:2013:q:4:a:1.

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14. Growth accounting for the euro area. (2012). Proietti, Tommaso ; Musso, Alberto.
    In: Empirical Economics.
    RePEc:spr:empeco:v:43:y:2012:i:1:p:219-244.

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15. Do those who stay work less? On the impact of emigration on the measured TFP in Poland. (2012). Budnik, Katarzyna.
    In: NBP Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbp:nbpmis:113.

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16. Understanding openness and productivity growth in China: An empirical study of the Chinese provinces. (2011). Jiang, Yanqing.
    In: China Economic Review.
    RePEc:eee:chieco:v:22:y:2011:i:3:p:290-298.

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17. Improving competition in the non-tradable goods and labour markets: the Portuguese case. (2010). Félix, Ricardo ; Castro, Gabriela ; Almeida, Vanda ; Felix, Ricardo .
    In: Portuguese Economic Journal.
    RePEc:spr:portec:v:9:y:2010:i:3:p:163-193.

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18. Fiscal Stimulus in a Small Euro Area Economy. (2010). Maria, José ; Félix, Ricardo ; Castro, Gabriela ; Almeida, Vanda ; de Castro, Gabriela Lopes .
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:ptu:wpaper:w201016.

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19. A new production function estimate of the euro area output gap This paper is based on a report for Eurostat: Real time estimation of potential output, output gap, NAIRU and Phillips curve for Euro-zon. (2010). Reynès, Frédéric ; Lemoine, Matthieu ; Reynes, Frederic ; Monperrus-Veroni, Paola ; Mazzi, Gian Luigi .
    In: Journal of Forecasting.
    RePEc:jof:jforec:v:29:y:2010:i:1-2:p:29-53.

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20. Potential output in a rapidly developing economy: the case of China and a comparison with the United States and the European Union. (2009). Bigsten, Arne ; Hu, Angang ; Zheng, Jinghai.
    In: Review.
    RePEc:fip:fedlrv:y:2009:i:jul:p:317-342:n:v.91no.4.

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21. Improving competition in the non-tradable goods and labour markets: the Portuguese case. (2008). Félix, Ricardo ; Castro, Gabriela ; Almeida, Vanda ; Felix, Ricardo Mourinho .
    In: MPRA Paper.
    RePEc:pra:mprapa:13945.

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22. La brecha de producto en Chile: medición y evaluación. (2008). Gredig, Fabian ; Fuentes, Rodrigo ; Larrain, Mauricio.
    In: Investigación Conjunta-Joint Research.
    RePEc:cml:incocp:1-03.

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23. The output Gap in chile: Measurement and Evaluation. (2008). Larrain, Mauricio ; Fuentes, Rodrigo ; Fabian Gredig U., ; Rodrigo Fuentes S., ; Mauricio Larrain E., .
    In: Journal Economía Chilena (The Chilean Economy).
    RePEc:chb:bcchec:v:11:y:2008:i:2:p:7-30.

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24. A Sectoral Analysis of the Average Work Week in Euro Area Countries. (2008). McQuinn, Kieran ; Linehan, Suzanne.
    In: Quarterly Bulletin Articles.
    RePEc:cbi:qtbart:y:2008:m:10:p:68-88.

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25. Past, Present, and Prospects for Thailand’s Growth: A Labor Market Perspective. (2008). Nakornthab, Don ; Chuenchoksan, Sra .
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:bth:wpaper:2008-07.

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26. Projecting the Medium-Term: Outcomes and Errors for GDP Growth. (2007). Kappler, Marcus.
    In: ZEW Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:zbw:zewdip:6888.

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27. Sri Lanka’s Sources of Growth. (2007). Braiton, Nombulelo.
    In: IMF Working Papers.
    RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2007/225.

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28. Prudential and oversight requirements for securities settlement. (2007). Rosati, Simonetta ; Papathanassiou, Chryssa ; Caviglia, Giacomo ; Russo, Daniela.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200776.

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29. Reserve accumulation: objective or by-product?. (2007). Sondergaard, Lars ; de Beaufort, Johannes Onno.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200773.

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30. The role of financial markets and innovation in productivity and growth in Europe. (2007). Papaioannou, Elias ; Heider, Florian ; lo Duca, Marco ; Hartmann, Philipp.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200772.

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31. The economic impact of the Single Euro Payments Area. (2007). Schmiedel, Heiko.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200771.

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32. The search for Columbus egg: finding a new formula to determine quotas at the IMF. (2007). Thimann, Christian ; Wolfinger, Regine ; Skala, Martin.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200770.

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33. Fiscal policy in Mediterranean countries: developments, structures and implications for monetary policy. (2007). Gurtner, Franois ; Sturm, Michael.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200769.

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34. The securities custody industry. (2007). Fontan, Florence ; Chan, Diana ; Rosati, Simonetta ; Russo, Daniela.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200768.

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35. Towards harmonised balance of payments and international investment position statistics - the experience of the European compilers. (2007). Israel, Jean-Marc ; Muoz, Carlos Sanchez.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200767.

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36. Structural reforms in EMU and the role of monetary policy: a survey of the literature. (2007). Vitale, Giovanni ; Perez, Victor Lopez ; Leiner-Killinger, Nadine ; Stiegert, Roger.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200766.

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37. The performance of credit rating systems in the assessment of collateral used in Eurosystem monetary policy operations. (2007). Winkler, Gerhard ; Coppens, Franois ; Gonzalez, Fernando.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200765.

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38. The use of portfolio credit risk models in central banks. (2007). van der Hoorn, Han ; Schwartzlose, Henrik ; Ledoyen, Pierre ; Fottinger, Wolfgang ; Boux, Berenice ; Chiappa, Gigliola ; Honings, Noelle ; Amado, Ricardo ; Rosen, Dan ; Sotamaa, Kai ; Nyholm, Ken ; Bindseil, Ulrich ; Monar, Fernando.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200764.

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39. Inflation-linked bonds from a Central Bank perspective. (2007). Garcia, Juan Angel ; van Rixtel, Adrian.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200762.

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40. Determinants of growth in the central and eastern European EU member states - a production function approach. (2007). Zumer, Tina ; Serafini, Roberta ; Rawdanowicz, Lukasz ; Przybyla, Marcin ; Martin, Reiner ; Heinz, Frigyes Ferdinand ; Arratibel, Olga .
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200761.

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41. Commodity price fluctuations and their impact on monetary and fiscal policies in Western and Central Africa. (2007). Winkler, Adalbert ; Bower, Uwe ; Geis, Andre.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200760.

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42. The ECB survey of professional forecasters (SPF) - A review after eight years experience. (2007). Meyler, Aidan ; Genre, Veronique ; Rautanen, Tuomas ; Friz, Roberta ; Bowles, Carlos ; Kenny, Geoff.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200759.

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43. Long-term growth prospects for the Russian economy. (2007). Mileva, Elitza ; Kamps, Annette ; Beck, Roland.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200758.

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44. Assessing fiscal soundness: theory and practice. (2007). Vidal, Jean-Pierre ; Rother, Philipp ; Nickel, Christiane ; Giammarioli, Nicola .
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200756.

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45. Globalisation and euro area trade - interactions and challenges. (2007). di Mauro, Filippo ; Baumann, Ursel.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200755.

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46. Estimating the Output Gap for Chile. (2007). Larrain, Mauricio ; Fuentes, Rodrigo ; Gredig, Fabian .
    In: Working Papers Central Bank of Chile.
    RePEc:chb:bcchwp:455.

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47. Prospects for growth in the Euro area. (2006). Whelan, Karl ; McQuinn, Kieran.
    In: Open Access publications.
    RePEc:ucn:oapubs:10197/217.

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48. Prospects for Growth in the Euro Area. (2006). Whelan, Karl ; McQuinn, Kieran.
    In: MPRA Paper.
    RePEc:pra:mprapa:5893.

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49. The Potential Growth Prospects of the Austrian Economy — Methods and Determinants. (2006). Stiglbauer, Alfred ; Scharler, Johann ; Janger, Jürgen.
    In: Monetary Policy & the Economy.
    RePEc:onb:oenbmp:y:2006:i:1:b:2.

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50. Quantitative quality indicators for statistics: an application to euro area balance of payment. (2006). Damia, Violetta ; Aguilar, Carmen Picon.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200654.

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51. Labour productivity developments in the euro area. (2006). Turunen, Jarkko ; Gomez-Salvador, Ramon ; Stocker, Marc ; Musso, Alberto.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200653.

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52. Credit risk mitigation in central bank operations and its effects on financial markets: the case of the Eurosystem. (2006). Papadia, Francesco ; Bindseil, Ulrich.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200649.

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53. Macroeconomic and financial stability challenges for acceding and candidate countries. (2006). Winkler, Adalbert ; Pouvelle, Cyril ; Gersl, Adam ; Schraven, Jorim ; Glescu, Anca Adriana ; Basto, Rita Bessone ; Dijkman, Miquel ; Polaski, Zbigniew ; Szalai, Zoltan ; Gurtner, Franois ; Vasjukova, Marina ; Beck, Roland ; Golden, Brian ; Calvo-Gonzalez, Oscar ; Backe, Peter ; del Rio, Pedro ; Geisler, Klaus-Dieter ; Hristov, Kalin ; Frandsen, Tina Winther ; de Lannoy, Anthony ; De-Alessi, Cristiana ; da Silva, Jorge .
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200648.

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    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200647.

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54. Inflation persistence and price-setting behaviour in the euro area: a summary of the IPN evidence. (2006). Smets, Frank ; Ehrmann, Michael ; Altissimo, Filippo .
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200646.

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55. Output growth differentials across the euro area countries: some stylised facts. (2006). Vidalis, Nick ; Pierluigi, Beatrice ; Diaz, Juan Luis ; Benalal, Nicholai.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200645.

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56. Competition, productivity and prices in the euro area services sector. (2006). van Riet, Ad ; Schivardi, Fabiano ; Nicolitsas, Daphne ; Janger, Jürgen ; Chauvin, Valérie ; Amador, João ; Pyyhtia, Ilmo ; O'Brien, Derry ; Kuismanen, Mika ; Cornille, David ; Gerritsen, Mathijs ; Haine, Wim ; Dopke, Jorg ; Roma, Moreno ; Walch, Erik ; Yusupova, Elena ; Lopez-Garcia, Paloma.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200644.

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57. The accumulation of foreign reserves. (2006). Cuadro Sáez, Lucía ; Lagerblom, Angelika ; Leichtlein, Gudrun ; Gonzalez-Mota, Emiliano ; Levy-Rueff, Guy ; Ghirga, Maurizio ; Lalouette, Laure ; Reis, Teresa Balcao ; Saez, Lucia Cuadro ; Rautava, Jouko ; Maier, Philipp ; Kreye, Antje ; Soudan, Michel ; Gavila, Sergio ; Pineau, Georges ; Dorrucci, Ettore ; Comelli, Fabio .
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    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200643.

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58. Macroeconomic and financial stability challenges for acceding and candidate countries. (2006). Winkler, Adalbert ; Beck, Roland.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:20060048.

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59. Prospects for Growth in the Euro Area. (2006). Whelan, Karl ; McQuinn, Kieran.
    In: Research Technical Papers.
    RePEc:cbi:wpaper:12/rt/06.

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60. Wealth and asset price effects on economic activity. (2005). Willman, Alpo ; Whelan, Karl ; Valderrama, Maria ; Sastre, Teresa ; Weth, Mark ; Stocker, Marc ; Sterne, Gabriel ; Altissimo, Filippo ; Georgiou, Evaggelia .
    In: Open Access publications.
    RePEc:ucn:oapubs:10197/210.

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61. The New Basel Capital Framework and its implementation in the European Union. (2005). Spitzer, Kai Gereon ; Scheicher, Martin ; Pires, Fatima ; Dierick, Frank.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200542.

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62. What does European institutional integration tell us about trade integration?. (2005). Agur, Itai ; Dorrucci, Ettore ; Paolomongelli, Francesco.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200540.

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63. Labour productivity in the Nordic EU countries: a comparative overview and explanatory factors 1980-2004. (2005). Madaschi, Christophe ; Annenkov, Anatoli.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200539.

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64. Economic and monetary integration of New Member States - helping to chart the route. (2005). Mongelli, Francesco ; Angeloni, Ignazio ; Paolomongelli, Francesco ; Flad, Michael.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200536.

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65. The institutional framework for financial market policy in the USA seen from an EU perspective. (2005). Petschnigg, Reinhard.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200535.

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66. Integration of securities market infrastructure in the euro area. (2005). Schmiedel, Heiko ; Schonenberger, Andreas .
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200533.

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67. Managing financial crises in emerging market economies - experience with the involvement of private sector creditors. (2005). Thimann, Christian ; Committeri, Marco ; Pauli, Rolf ; Weber, Pierre-Franois ; de Lis, Santiago Fernandez ; von Stenglin, Stephan ; Hollensen, Ole ; Basto, Rita Bessone ; Task Force International Relations Committee, ; Wolfinger, Regine ; Drage, John ; Bracke, Thierry ; Nikitin, Minna ; Just, Christian .
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200532.

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68. Regional monetary integration in the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council. (2005). Siegfried, Nikolaus ; Sturm, Michael.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200531.

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69. Competitiveness and the export performance of the euro area. (2005). Lecat, Remy ; JOCHEM, Axel ; Ernst, Ekkehard ; di Mauro, Filippo ; Breda, Emanuele ; Pakinezou, N M ; Sydow, Matthias ; Contributors, Other ; Melyn, Wim ; Of, Task Force ; Nelissen, Iris ; Pokutova, Sonia ; Oliveira-Soares, Rodrigo ; Wagner, Karin ; Warmedinger, Thomas ; Kinnunen, Helvi ; Walch, Erik ; De Santis, Roberto A ; Abreu, Ildeberta ; Cassidy, Mark ; Anderton, Robert ; Eggelte, Jurriann ; Maurin, Laurent ; Tedeschi, Roberto ; Blattner, Tobias ; Shen, Jian-Guang ; Torres, Javier ; Zumer, Tina.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200530.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download Wealth and asset price effects on economic activity. (2005). Willman, Alpo ; Whelan, Karl ; Valderrama, Maria ; Weth, Mark ; Stocker, Marc ; Sterne, Gabriel ; Sastre, Teresa ; Georgiou, Evaggelia ; Altissimo, Filippo .
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200529.

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70. Regulatory reforms in selected EU network industries. (2005). Vansteenkiste, isabel ; Roma, Moreno ; Martin, Reiner.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200528.

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71. The EU budget - how much scope for institutional reform?. (2005). Enderlein, Henrik ; Ritter, Raymond ; Calvo-Gonzalez, Oscar ; Lindner, Johannes.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200527.

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72. Analysing banking sector conditions - How to use macro-prudential indicators. (2005). Sandars, Patrick ; Morttinen, Leena ; Poloni, Paolo ; Vesala, Jukka.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200526.

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73. Government debt management in the euro area - recent theoretical developments and changes in practices. (2005). Wolswijk, Guido ; de Haan, Jakob.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200525.

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74. Wage diversity in the euro area - an overview of labour cost differentials across industries. (2005). Momferatou, Daphne ; MOURRE, Gilles ; Genre, Veronique.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200524.

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75. The bank lending survey for the euro area. (2005). Rixtel, Adrian ; de Bondt, Gabe ; Scopel, Silvia ; van Rixtel, Adrian ; Berg, Jesper ; Ferrando, Annalisa.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:200523.

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76. The New Basel Capital Framework and its implementation in the European Union. (2005). Pires, Fatima ; Scheicher, Martin ; Spitzer, Kai Gereon ; Dierick, Frank.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:20050042.

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77. Labour productivity in the Nordic EU countries - a comparative overview and explanatory factors – 1998-2004. (2005). Annenkov, Anatoli ; Madaschi, Christophe .
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:20050039.

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78. Economic reactions to public finance consolidation - a survey of the literature. (2005). Briotti, Maria Gabriella .
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:20050038.

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79. The institutional framework for financial market policy in the USA seen from an EU perspective. (2005). Petschnigg, Reinhard.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:20050035.

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80. Integration of securities market infrastructures in the euro area. (2005). Schonenberger, Andreas ; Schmiedel, Heiko.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:20050033.

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81. Managing financial crises in emerging market economies - experience with the involvement of private sector creditors. (2005). Bracke, Thierry ; Just, Christian ; von Stenglin, Stephan ; de Lis, Santiago Fernandez ; Pauli, Rolf ; Basto, Rita Bessone ; Wolfinger, Regine ; Weber, Pierre-Franois ; Hollensen, Ole ; Nikitin, Minna ; Committeri, Marco ; Drage, John.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:20050032.

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82. Wealth and asset price effects on economic activity. (2005). Willman, Alpo ; Sastre, Teresa ; Weth, Mark ; Stocker, Marc ; Sterne, Gabriel ; Altissimo, Filippo ; Georgiou, Evaggelia .
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:20050029.

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83. Regulatory reforms in selected EU network industries. (2005). Vansteenkiste, Isabel ; Martin, Reiner ; Roma, Moreno.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:20050028.

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84. The EU budget – how much scope for institutional reform?. (2005). Lindner, Johannes ; Ritter, Raymond ; Calvo-Gonzalez, Oscar.
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:20050027.

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85. Analysing banking sector conditions - how to use macro-prudential indicators. (2005). Vesala, Jukka ; Sandars, Patrick ; Poloni, Paolo ; Morttinen, Leena .
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:20050026.

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86. Government debt management in the euro area - recent theoretical developments and changes in practices. (2005). .
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:20050025.

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87. Wage diversity in the euro area - an overview of labour cost differentials across industries. (2005). Momferatou, Daphne ; Genre, Veronique .
    In: Occasional Paper Series.
    RePEc:ecb:ecbops:20050024.

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88. The bank lending survey for the euro area. (2005). Ferrando, Annalisa ; Scopel, Silvia ; Berg, Jesper ; de Bondt, Gabe.
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89. Investigating potential output using the Hodrick-Prescott filter: an application for Malta. (2002). Grech, Aaron.
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1. ANNEX 2 GLOSSARY AND DATA SOURCES ECB Occasional Paper No. 22 January 2005 DATA SOURCES The euro area-wide data used in this paper come from different sources. Eurostat provides official euro area-wide data for real GDP, fixed capital formation, unemployment and population for the period from 1991. Data for the period 1980-1990 are ECB calculations based on the harmonised national accounts data for the individual Member States and compiled according to the same methodology as that applied by Eurostat. For the number of employed persons, the calculations cover the whole period since 1980 as Eurostat thus far only publishes an index of employment. The few gaps in the data for individual years in individual countries were filled on the basis of data from the European Commission’s AMECO database. In the case of Germany, data prior to 1991 have been obtained on the basis of developments in West Germany.
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2. Data on annual hours worked for the individual Member States were taken from the Total Economy Database of the Groningen Growth and Development Centre and The Conference Board (February 2004, http://www.ggdc.net). The euro area-wide series was calculated on the basis of the countries’ employment shares. Data on the working age population are calculated on the basis of data taken from the European Commission’s AMECO database. More precisely, the working age population has been calculated as the product of Eurostat population data and the dependency ratio implied by the AMECO database.
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3. Data on the euro area capital stock are ECB estimates, produced in the Directorate General Statistics and compiled according to the perpetual inventory method. The estimates for the various categories of the capital stock are based on three components: (i) estimates of the starting values for the respective capital stock series in 1980; (ii) Eurostat data for gross fixed capital formation in the euro area; (iii) and estimates of the retirement and depreciation rates pertaining to the respective capital stock series. The estimates of the starting values are deducted from a GDP-to-capital ratio in 1980 that is based on national data covering more than 80% of the euro area GDP weight. Similarly, the euro area-wide retirement and depreciation rates are compiled from national data for the capital stock and gross fixed capital formation covering more than 80% of the euro area.
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4. Population projections over the period 20032020 are based on Eurostat’s demographic scenarios, which were compiled in 1995 and revised in 1999 with the assistance of national statistical offices. The paper uses the medium variant of these projections.
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5. Sakellaris, P. and F. Vijselaar (2004): “Capital quality improvement and the sources of growth in the euro area”, ECB Working Paper No. 368, June.

6. Stock, J. and M. Watson (2002): “Has the business cycle changed and why?”, NBER Macroeconomics Annual, August.

7. Symposium on “Computers and Productivity”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, v. 14 (4), Fall 2000.
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8. Temin, P. (1997): “The Golden Age of European Growth: A Review Essay”, European Review of Economic History, vol. 1, part 1, April.

9. Van Dijk, D., D. Osborn and M. Sensier (2002): “Changes in the variability of the business cycle in the G-7 countries”, University of Manchester CGBCR Discussion Paper 106, September.
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10. Vijselaar, F. and R. Albers (2002): “New technologies and productivity growth in the euro area”, ECB Working Paper No. 122, February.

11. Willman, A. (2002): “Euro area production function and potential output: a supply side system approach”, ECB Working Paper No. 153, June.

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20. The Microeconomics of Macroeconomic Asymmetries: Sectoral Driving Forces and Firm Level Characteristics. (2004). Radchenko, Stanislav ; Mizrach, Bruce ; Korenok, Oleg.
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21. Patterns of Comovement: The Role of Information Technology in the U.S. Economy. (2004). Morck, Randall ; Chun, Hyunbae ; Lee, Jason ; Kim, Jung-Wook .
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24. What Does the Yield Curve Tell us about GDP Growth?. (2004). Wei, Min ; Piazzesi, Monika ; Ang, Andrew ; Piazessi, Monika.
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25. The Source of Historical Economic Fluctuations: An Analysis using Long-Run Restrictions. (2004). Ramey, Valerie ; Francis, Neville.
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26. Growth Volatility and Financial Liberalization. (2004). Lundblad, Christian ; Harvey, Campbell ; Bekaert, Geert.
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27. Cyclical Uncertainty And Physical Investment Decisions. (2004). Funke, Michael ; Chen, Yu-Fu.
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28. Bank Integration and State Business Cycles. (2004). Morgan, Donald ; Rime, Bertrand ; Strahan, Philip E..
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29. Macroeconomic volatility, predictability and uncertainty in the Great Moderation: evidence from the survey of professional forecasters. (2004). Campbell, Sean D..
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30. Reaching Inflation Stability. (2004). Moreno, Antonio.
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31. Obsolescence of Durable Goods and Optimal Consumption. (2004). Stolyarov, Dmitriy ; Stacchetti, Ennio .
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32. Evolving post-World War II UK economic performance. (2004). Benati, Luca.
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33. A Forecasting Model for Inventory Investments in Canada. (2004). Kichian, Maral ; Chacra, Marwan.
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34. Output composition and the US output volatility decline. (2003). Alcalá, Francisco ; Sancho, Israel.
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35. Diverging Trends in Macro and Micro Volatility: Facts. (2003). Comin, Diego ; Mulani, Sunil.
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36. Least Squares Estimation and Tests of Breaks in Mean and Variance under Misspecification. (2003). Pitarakis, Jean-Yves.
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37. Reaching Inflation Stability. (2003). Moreno, Antonio.
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38. Understanding Changes in International Business Cycle Dynamics. (2003). Watson, Mark ; Stock, James.
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39. Have National Business Cycles Become More Synchronized?. (2003). Bordo, Michael ; Helbling, Thomas .
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40. Dating the Euro Area Business Cycle. (2003). Proietti, Tommaso ; Marcellino, Massimiliano ; artis, michael.
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41. Monetary policy, oil shocks, and TFP: accounting for the decline in U.S. volatility. (2003). Sill, Keith ; Leduc, Sylvain.
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42. Forecasting in large macroeconomic panels using Bayesian Model Averaging. (2003). Potter, Simon ; Koop, Gary.
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43. The less volatile U.S. economy: a Bayesian investigation of timing, breadth, and potential explanations. (2003). Piger, Jeremy ; Nelson, Charles ; Kim, Chang-Jin.
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44. Has the business cycle changed?. (2003). Watson, Mark ; Stock, James.
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45. Implications of structural changes in the U.S. economy for pricing behavior and inflation dynamics. (2003). Willis, Jonathan.
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46. Breaks in the variability and co-movement of G-7 economic growth. (2003). Doyle, Brian ; Faust, Jon.
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47. The effect of restructuring on unemployment. (2003). Figura, Andrew .
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48. Inventory dynamics and business cycles: what has changed?. (2003). McCarthy, Jonathan.
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49. What does the yield curve tell us about GDP growth?. (2003). Wei, Min ; Piazzesi, Monika ; Ang, Andrew.
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50. The cyclical behavior of state employment during the postwar period. (2002). Sill, Keith ; Carlino, Gerald ; DEFINA, ROBERT .
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51. Inventory dynamics and business cycles: what has changed?. (2002). Zakrajsek, Egon ; McCarthy, Jonathan.
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52. Forecast-based model selection in the presence of structural breaks. (2002). McCracken, Michael ; Clark, Todd.
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53. Inventory investment and output volatility. (2002). Schuh, Scott ; Irvine, Owen .
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54. Public Announcements, Adjustment Delays, and the Business Cycle (November 2002). (2002). Hellwig, Christian.
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