- A Appendix: Complete Model This appendix completes the description of the model. The behavioural equations presented hereafter are taken from the parent models Caiani et al. (2016) and Caiani et al. (2019), although slight modification are introduced in order to accommodate for service firms.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Acemoglu, D. and Autor, D. (2011). Skills, tasks and technologies: Implications for employment and earnings. In Handbook of labor economics, volume 4, pages 1043–1171. Elsevier.
Acemoglu, D. and Restrepo, P. (2018). The race between man and machine: Implications of technology for growth, factor shares, and employment. American Economic Review, 108(6):1488–1542.
Acemoglu, D. and Restrepo, P. (2019). Automation and new tasks: how technology displaces and reinstates labor. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(2):3–30.
Acemoglu, D. and Restrepo, P. (2020a). Robots and jobs: Evidence from us labor markets.
- Acemoglu, D. and Restrepo, P. (2020b). Unpacking skill bias: Automation and new tasks. AEA Papers and Proceedings, 110:356–361.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Andersen, E. S., Jensen, A. K., Madsen, L., and Jorgensen, M. (1996). The nelson and winter models revisited: prototypes for computer-based reconstruction of schumpeterian competition. Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics (DRUID) Working Paper, (96-2).
Antonczyk, D., DeLeire, T., and Fitzenberger, B. (2018). Polarization and rising wage inequality: comparing the us and germany. Econometrics, 6(2):20.
Arntz, M., Gregory, T., and Zierahn, U. (2016). The risk of automation for jobs in oecd countries.
Assenza, T., Gatti, D. D., and Grazzini, J. (2015). Emergent dynamics of a macroeconomic agent based model with capital and credit. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 50:5–28.
Autor, D. H., Katz, L. F., and Kearney, M. S. (2006). The polarization of the us labor market. The American economic review, 96(2):189–194.
Autor, H. and Dorn, D. (2013). The growth of low-skill service jobs and the polarization of the us labor market. American Economic Review, 103(5):1553–97.
Bárány, Z. L. and Siegel, C. (2018). Job polarization and structural change. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 10(1):57–89.
- Baumol, W. J. (1967). Macroeconomics of unbalanced growth: the anatomy of urban crisis. The American economic review, 57(3):415–426.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Benzell, S. G., Kotlikoff, L. J., LaGarda, G., and Sachs, J. D. (2015). Robots are us: Some economics of human replacement. Technical report, National Bureau of Economic Research.
Berg, A., Buffie, E. F., and Zanna, L.-F. (2018). Should we fear the robot revolution?(the correct answer is yes). Journal of Monetary Economics, 97:117–148.
Boppart, T. (2014). Structural change and the kaldor facts in a growth model with relative price effects and non-gorman preferences. Econometrica, 82(6):2167–2196.
Borjas, G. J. and Freeman, R. B. (2019). From immigrants to robots: The changing locus of substitutes for workers. RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 5(5):22–42.
- Brynjolfsson, E. and McAfee, A. (2014). The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. WW Norton & Company.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Caiani, A. (2012). An agent-based model of schumpeterian competition. Technical report, Quaderni di Dipartimento.
Caiani, A., Catullo, E., and Gallegati, M. (2018). The effects of fiscal targets in a monetary union: a multi-country agent-based stock flow consistent model. Industrial and Corporate Change, 27(6):1123–1154.
Caiani, A., Godin, A., Caverzasi, E., Gallegati, M., Kinsella, S., and Stiglitz, J. E. (2016). Agent based-stock flow consistent macroeconomics: Towards a benchmark model. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 69:375–408.
Caiani, A., Russo, A., and Gallegati, M. (2019). Does inequality hamper innovation and growth? an ab-sfc analysis. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 29(1):177–228.
Caiani, A., Russo, A., and Gallegati, M. (2020). Are higher wages good for business? an assessment under alternative innovation and investment scenarios. Macroeconomic Dynamics, 24(1):191–230.
Caselli, F. and Manning, A. (2017). Robot arithmetic: can new technology harm all workers or the average worker? Chiacchio, F., Petropoulos, G., and Pichler, D. (2018). The impact of industrial robots on eu employment and wages: A local labour market approach. bruegel working paper issue 02/18 april 2018.
Ciarli, T., Lorentz, A., Savona, M., and Valente, M. (2010). The effect of consumption and production structure on growth and distribution. a micro to macro model. Metroeconomica, 61(1):180–218.
Ciarli, T., Marzucchi, A., Salgado, E., and Savona, M. (2018). The effect of r&d growth on employment and self-employment in local labour markets.
Dawid, H., Gemkow, S., Harting, P., Kabus, K., Neugart, M., and Wersching, K. (2008). Skills, innovation, and growth: an agent-based policy analysis. Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 228(2-3):251–275.
DeCanio, S. J. (2016). Robots and humans–complements or substitutes? Journal of Macroeconomics, 49:280–291.
Dosi, G., Fagiolo, G., and Roventini, A. (2010). Schumpeter meeting keynes: A policyfriendly model of endogenous growth and business cycles. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 34(9):1748–1767.
Dosi, G., Pereira, M. C., Roventini, A., and Virgillito, M. E. (2018). Causes and consequences of hysteresis: aggregate demand, productivity, and employment. Industrial and Corporate Change, 27(6):1015–1044.
Duernecker, G., Herrendorf, B., and Valentinyi, A. (2017). Structural change within the service sector and the future of baumol’s disease.
Dustmann, C., Ludsteck, J., and Schönberg, U. (2009). Revisiting the german wage structure. The Quarterly journal of economics, 124(2):843–881.
Fanti, L. (2020). ‘kaldor facts’ and the decline of wage share: An agent based-stock flow consistent model of induced technical change along classical and keynesian lines. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, pages 1–37.
Fazzari, S., Hubbard, R. G., and Petersen, B. C. (1987). Financing constraints and corporate investment. Technical report, National Bureau of Economic Research.
Firpo, S., Fortin, N. M., and Lemieux, T. (2011). Occupational tasks and changes in the wage structure.
- Ford, M. (2015). Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future. Basic Books.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Frey, C. B. and Osborne, M. A. (2017). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Technological forecasting and social change, 114:254–280.
Goos, M. and Manning, A. (2007). Lousy and lovely jobs: The rising polarization of work in britain. The review of economics and statistics, 89(1):118–133.
Goos, M., Manning, A., and Salomons, A. (2009). Job polarization in europe. American economic review, 99(2):58–63.
Goos, M., Manning, A., and Salomons, A. (2014). Explaining job polarization: Routinebiased technological change and offshoring. American Economic Review, 104(8):2509–26.
Graetz, G. and Michaels, G. (2018). Robots at work. Review of Economics and Statistics, 100(5):753–768.
Gregory, T., Salomons, A., and Zierahn, U. (2016). Racing with or against the machine? evidence from europe. Evidence from Europe (July 15, 2016). ZEW-Centre for European Economic Research Discussion Paper, (16-053).
Klenert, D., Fernandez-Macias, E., Anton, J.-I., et al. (2020). Do robots really destroy jobs? evidence from europe. Technical report, Joint Research Centre (Seville site).
Korinek, A. and Stiglitz, J. E. (2017). Artificial intelligence and its implications for income distribution and unemployment. Technical report, National Bureau of Economic Research.
Lavoie, M. (1992). Foundations of post-keynesian economic analysis. Books.
- Lavoie, M. (2015). Post-Keynesian Economics: New Foundations. Edward Elgar.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Lee, N. and Clarke, S. (2019). Do low-skilled workers gain from high-tech employment growth? high-technology multipliers, employment and wages in britain. Research Policy, 48(9):103803.
Lordan, G. and Neumark, D. (2018). People versus machines: The impact of minimum wages on automatable jobs. Labour Economics, 52:40–53.
- Machin, S. (2011). Changes in uk wage inequality over the last forty years. The labour market in winter: The state of working Britain, pages 155–169.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Manning, A. (2004). We can work it out: the impact of technological change on the demand for low-skill workers. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 51(5):581–608.
Mazzolari, F. and Ragusa, G. (2013). Spillovers from high-skill consumption to low-skill labor markets. Review of Economics and Statistics, 95(1):74–86.
Mokyr, J., Vickers, C., and Ziebarth, N. L. (2015). The history of technological anxiety and the future of economic growth: Is this time different? Journal of economic perspectives, 29(3):31–50.
Myers, S. C. (1984). Capital structure puzzle. Technical report, National Bureau of Economic Research.
Naticchioni, P., Ragusa, G., and Massari, R. (2014). Unconditional and conditional wage polarization in europe.
- Nelson, R. and Winter, S. G. (1982). An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA., Cambridge, MA.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Nelson, R. R. and Winter, S. G. (1977). Simulation of schumpeterian competition. The American Economic Review, 67(1):271–276.
Nordhaus, W. D. (2001). Productivity growth and the new economy. Technical report, National Bureau of Economic Research.
Pajarinen, M. and Rouvinen, P. (2014). Computerization threatens one third of finnish employment. Etla Brief, 22(13.1):2014.
Riccetti, L., Russo, A., and Gallegati, M. (2015). An agent based decentralized matching macroeconomic model. Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, 10(2):305–332.
- Schasfoort, J., Godin, A., Bezemer, D., Caiani, A., and Kinsella, S. (2017). Monetary policy transmission at the micro-level in an agent-based model. Advances in Complex Systems, 20-8:–.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Spence, A. (1977). Entry, capacity, investment and oligopolistic pricing. The Bell Journal of Economics, 8-2:534–544.
- Steindl, J. (1952). Maturity and Stagnation in American Capitalism. Blackwell.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Steindl, J. (1976). Maturity and stagnation in American capitalism. Number 4. NYU Press.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- van der Hoog, S. and Dawid, H. (2017). Bubbles, crashes, and the financial cycle: The impact of banking regulation on deep recessions. Macroeconomic Dynamics, pages 1–42.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Vitali, S., Tedeschi, G., and Gallegati, M. (2013). The impact of classes of innovators on technology, financial fragility, and economic growth. Industrial and Corporate Change, 22(4):1069–1091.
Winter, S. (1983). Schumpeterian competition in alternative technological regimes. Technical report, IUI Working Paper.