Sint Maarten
Sint Maarten (Netherland sowal: Sint Maarten), o sowal Netherland a Sint Maarten, anini o Netherland hongti kitakit a saka 4 a kitakit, o dadahal ira ko 34 pinfang kongli, tamdaw ira ko 41,486 tamdaw, maci o Philipsburg. Oni a kanatal o no Netherland a Antilles saka lima a kanatal (Eilandgebieden), I 2010 miheca 10 flad 10 eomi’ad mapacakat a malakitakit. O sakowan o katimol kalitosaay no Sint Maarten, o ka’amis kalitosa o no France Sint Maarten.
O lalengawan no sowal (詞源)
[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]O nia kanatal nai ni Columbus ni panganganan, o pihiratengan ci Martin of Toursan, nawhani i 1493 miheca 11 folad 11 romi’ad o kasofocan ni Martin of Tours itiniay mahapinang kina kanatal.
Likisi (歷史)
[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]Ci Christopher Columbus i 1493 miheca saki na 2 mifatel to Tasiyang sa’ayaw pakanengneng tonini a kanatal, itiya romai’ad 11 folad 11 romi’ad a palemedan no Kawas tadamaanay tamdaw ci Martin pangangan to nia kanatal, pao “Isla de San Martín” han. Talacowa ci Columbus mihapiw o no Spain a nicalapan kina sera, nika caay ho ka talahekal itini, o Spain caay ka kalah patireng to nicingcingan a sera.
Masa o France ato Netherland mangalay toni a kanatal: o France sapi cingcingan to Bermuda tangasa Trini a kasakanatal, o Netherland manengneng ko Sint Maarten manga’ay pala o Brazil ato New Amsterdam (aniniay New York) tosaay micingcingan malacalay o pacarcaran. O Netherland a tamdaw rahoday i 1631 mihecaan patireng to pahiceraan itini, patireng to Amsterdamburg sapitena’ tomicalapay, o Netherland East India Company misitapang itini palali’aca to cilah. O France ato Inkiris tamdaw sapipatirangan itini to pahiceraan, mala sakacacefis no Spain ko Sint Maarten. O Spain paki 80 miheca kalaloodan i 1633 miheca micalap to nia kanatal, laplap han ko roma kitakit a micingcingay.
O Netherland tamdaw ikor kinapinapina a milood sapialaan to nia kanatal caay ka laheci, tangasa i 1648 miheca 80 miheca kalalood paherekan, o Spain mihayda to Netherland a misiiked, itiya awaay ko sakinairaan saka ecaay to patireng itini i Caribbean Sea patireng to kamaro’an no hitay a mina’ay to Sint Maarten kanatal, o France Netherland tosa kitakit a micingcingay masasiiked nai St. Kitts kanatal ato St. Eustatius kanatal patiko i kanatal. Kinapinapina masiwtoc kina tatosaay, itiya caay to pakafilo a mifahfah itini tona kanatal, orasaka i 1648 miheca itini tina kanatal masasitilid to sakalali’ay satelek, palalitosa to Sint Maarten kanatal, o France itini tina kanatal patireng to no riyar a sofitay, sapipatalaw to Netherland tamdaw saka adihay no sera.
Nikawrira naikora no katatelek i 1816 miheca, o France Netherland tosa kitakit caay pitolas ko kalasiwtoc, kina 16 misalof to salawacan, o France Netherland tosa kitakit kinapinapina malalood to Inkiris, nanoya o Inkiris to ko micalapay. O kasasitolas i 1816 mihecaan masongila’, no France a sa’etal 54 pinfang kongli, ono Netherland sa’etal 41 pinfang kongli.
O Spain tamdaw sa’ayaw mipatayni to kohetingay a fades itini i Sint Maarten, nikawrira o tamdaw itiya ira ko takomod, tamako ato tefos a nipalomaan, o nisafadesan tamdaw matongal to, maki’aloman ko mifadesay tawki. Nawhani ma^edesay ko miparoray, itiya o mifadesan tamdaw mico’ay a mirawraw, o nika’aloman no tamdaw sakamifadesay a tawki caay ko asimanayen, o France Sint Maarten i 1848 miheca 7 folad 12 romi’ad mapalasawad ko mifadesay a telek, o Netherland a sa’etal i ikor no 15 miheca mapalasawaday to.
Tangasa 20 sici, o pirarakatan misitapang comahaday, orasaka o mafolaway ranikay matongal ko tamdaw, o Juliana fafahiyan kaskitakit a hikokiciw mala o katayalan a hikokiciw, itiya o Inkiris a malenak.
I 1983 miheca, o Netherland Sint Maarten mapacomoday i no Antilles, nikawrira nao pipalasawad to nipicingcing no polong no cikiw, nanoya misalongoc to sapisiiked, o Netherland a sifo i 2010 miheca 10 folad 10 romi’ad mihapiw to pitedal no Netherland a Antilles, o Netherland Sint Maarten mapacakat to no tekedan (niyah) patirengan kitakit, Netherland hongti kitakit materek ko satena’ to kitakit, kacacofelan a demak, patodong to paspoto a salongoc.
O Emma faliyos i 2017 miheca 9 folad mafiyok no fali ko kanatal, makari’ang ko lomaloma’, nipatirengan ato kicay. O kakeridan no kitakit milongoc to Netherland sifo ato no hongti a sofitay a midama patireng, toya folad o hongti ci William Alexander miliso’ tina kanatal, sapipalowad a todong midemak tangasa anini, o kahinatalaan ko sapipatirengaw to nia kanatal.
Kicay (經濟)
[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]O Netherland Sint Maarten a kicay o pirarakatan ko tadatayal. Talacowa o no Netherland a sera, nikawrira Netherland Sint Maarten caay ko no Europe nipatatekoan, caay ko Europe payso sa’etal, no kitakit a payso o no Netherland Antilles ton, nai Curacao ato Netherland Sint Maarten tatapangan kingko ko patodongay. Nakawrira nawhani o miingiray to ka’amisay sa’etal a France Sint Maarten, itini ira ko Amilika mirarakatay, o Europe payso ato Amilika payso manga’ay macaco’elis.
Ponka (文化)
[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]Netherland Sint Maarten a kasasowalan o Netherland sowal ato Inkiris sowal, nikawrira o Netherland sowal itini i Netherland a sera rara: sato a malasawa[1]. Itiniay kasasowalen o malamlamay to Inkiris a sowal.
Saromakat lalan (交通)
[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]Itini i sa’etal o Juliana fafahiyan kaskitakit a hikokiciw, ira ko no mirarakatay tamina a minato ato sakatayra i Anquila kanatal calay no tamina (so’elinay o sakaranikay a tayra i no Inkiris ato no Netherland a sera), orasaka pakonira saan ano eca rakat sa a tayra i no France Sint Maarten hanen to ko sapitiri’an (kanga’ayan, talacowa France ato Netherland tosaay kitakit o citoongay itira i Europe, nikawrira saheto o Europe nipatatekoan kitakit, nikawrira itini o kacitodong aca to kasala’edan, o todong nano Europe a nipatatekoan).
Sapakimad (注釋)
[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]1. Art. 1 para 2. Constitution of Sint Maarten (PDF). （o nano tilid (PDF) mateli i 2011-07-08.