We report two studies which examine the age stereotypes in interactions model of intergenerationa... more We report two studies which examine the age stereotypes in interactions model of intergenerational communication. We investigate whether stereotyping processes mediate the effects of various predictors on communication outcomes. Support emerges for the mediating role of stereotyping. The studies also examine relational factors fi nding support for the argument that relational factors deserve more attention in models of intergenerational communication. Central variables emerging as predictive of intergenerational communication or stereotyping include perceived health of an older adult interlocutor, relational closeness, the nature of the relationship (grandparent versus older adult acquaintance), reciprocal self-disclosure, and age salience.
This research draws from three distinct lines of research on the link between emotions and interg... more This research draws from three distinct lines of research on the link between emotions and intergroup bias as springboard to integrative, new hypotheses. Past research suggests that emotions extrinsic to the outgroup (or “incidental”), and intrinsic to the outgroup (or “integral”), produce valence-congruent effects on intergroup bias when relevant or “applicable” to the outgroup (e.g., incidental/integral anger and ethnic outgroups). These emotions produce valence incongruent effects when irrelevant or “non-applicable” to the outgroup (e.g., incidental/integral sadness and happiness, and ethnic outgroups). Internally valid and ecologically sound tests of these contrasting effects are missing; hence we examined them experimentally in meaningful settings of interethnic contact. To this end, we hybridized established research paradigms in mood and intergroup contact research; this approach enabled us to use same materials and induction methods to instigate incidental and integral emotions in a single research design. In Experiment 1, White Australian students (N = 93) in in vivo real face-to-face contact with an ethnic tutor in their classroom displayed less interethnic bias when incidentally sad (vs. happy) or integrally happy (vs. sad). In Experiment 2, White American males' (N = 492) anti-Arab bias displayed divergent effects under incidental vs. integral (non-applicable) sadness/happiness and similar effects under incidental vs. integral (applicable) anger. The role of perceptions of agency in the emotion-inducing situation is also explored, tested, and explained drawing from mainstream emotion theory. As expected, integral and incidental applicable emotions caused valence congruent effects, at the opposite sides of the subjective agency spectrum, by encouraging the generalization of dislike from the outgroup contact partner to the outgroup as a whole. On the other hand, incidental-non-applicable emotions caused valence-incongruent effects on bias, under high agency conditions, by encouraging (non-partner-centered) heuristic processing. Because of the improved methodology, these effects can be regarded as genuine and not the byproduct of methodological artifacts. This theory-driven and empirically sound analysis of the interplay between emotion source, emotion applicability and subjective agency in intergroup contact can increase the precision of emotion-based bias reduction strategies by deepening understanding of the emotion conditions that lead to intergroup bias attenuation vs. exacerbation.
... Jake Har-wood (Ph.D., University of California, Santa Barbara) is an associate professor in t... more ... Jake Har-wood (Ph.D., University of California, Santa Barbara) is an associate professor in the com-munication department at the ... atti-tudes concerning aging and intergenerational relationships (Harwood, Hewstone, Paolini, & Voci, in press; Silverstein & Parrott, 1997; Soliz & ...
Grounded in confirmation theory, the current research sought to explore the relationship between ... more Grounded in confirmation theory, the current research sought to explore the relationship between co-rumination of fat talk and weight control practices (i.e., binging and purging, exercising, and healthy eating behaviors), with a particular interest in whether perceptions of friends' responses during these interactions exacerbate or mitigate this relationship. Female friendship dyads completed online questionnaires at three time points across 2 weeks. Multilevel modeling analyses revealed that (a) co-rumination was positively associated with binging and purging and exercising, (b) women who perceived their friends as accepting reported less binging and purging, more exercising, and more healthy eating behaviors,
... Jake Harwood is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Communication Studies at the Univ... more ... Jake Harwood is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Communication Studies at the University of Kansas, where the first author is a doctoral ... In the words of Davis and Davis (1985), the elderly market is a "growing one and, contrary to popular opinion, it is one that is ...
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1300 J082v51n03_08, Oct 17, 2008
ABSTRACT This paper examines stereotypes of lesbians held by college students. Multiple stereotyp... more ABSTRACT This paper examines stereotypes of lesbians held by college students. Multiple stereotypes are elicited from a free response trait listing task, followed by a sorting task. The results of the sorting task are submitted to cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling to reveal the complexity of cognitive representations of this group. Eight types are described, reflecting underlying distinctions between positive perceptions (e.g., lipstick lesbian, career-oriented feminist) and negative perceptions (e.g., sexually deviant, angry butch) and also between relative strength and weakness. The research is discussed in terms of cognitive perspectives on stereotyping and gender inversion theory. Suggestions for future research are provided.
... 89 Karen Anderson-Jake Harwood Robinson y Skill (1995) concluyeron que frecuentemente se mue... more ... 89 Karen Anderson-Jake Harwood Robinson y Skill (1995) concluyeron que frecuentemente se muestra a las personas viejas considerando ... Bell (1992) analizó cinco programas vistos regularmente por personas adultas mayores, en tiempos de mayor audiencia, y concluyó ...
... Jake Harwood & Karen Anderson University of Kansas. Abstract. ... Work has examined the w... more ... Jake Harwood & Karen Anderson University of Kansas. Abstract. ... Work has examined the ways in which such family portrayals are linked to gender stereotypes in commercials (Coltrane & Adams, 1997; Kaufman, 1999) and on situation comedies (Olson & Douglas, 1997). ...
We report two studies which examine the age stereotypes in interactions model of intergenerationa... more We report two studies which examine the age stereotypes in interactions model of intergenerational communication. We investigate whether stereotyping processes mediate the effects of various predictors on communication outcomes. Support emerges for the mediating role of stereotyping. The studies also examine relational factors fi nding support for the argument that relational factors deserve more attention in models of intergenerational communication. Central variables emerging as predictive of intergenerational communication or stereotyping include perceived health of an older adult interlocutor, relational closeness, the nature of the relationship (grandparent versus older adult acquaintance), reciprocal self-disclosure, and age salience.
This research draws from three distinct lines of research on the link between emotions and interg... more This research draws from three distinct lines of research on the link between emotions and intergroup bias as springboard to integrative, new hypotheses. Past research suggests that emotions extrinsic to the outgroup (or “incidental”), and intrinsic to the outgroup (or “integral”), produce valence-congruent effects on intergroup bias when relevant or “applicable” to the outgroup (e.g., incidental/integral anger and ethnic outgroups). These emotions produce valence incongruent effects when irrelevant or “non-applicable” to the outgroup (e.g., incidental/integral sadness and happiness, and ethnic outgroups). Internally valid and ecologically sound tests of these contrasting effects are missing; hence we examined them experimentally in meaningful settings of interethnic contact. To this end, we hybridized established research paradigms in mood and intergroup contact research; this approach enabled us to use same materials and induction methods to instigate incidental and integral emotions in a single research design. In Experiment 1, White Australian students (N = 93) in in vivo real face-to-face contact with an ethnic tutor in their classroom displayed less interethnic bias when incidentally sad (vs. happy) or integrally happy (vs. sad). In Experiment 2, White American males' (N = 492) anti-Arab bias displayed divergent effects under incidental vs. integral (non-applicable) sadness/happiness and similar effects under incidental vs. integral (applicable) anger. The role of perceptions of agency in the emotion-inducing situation is also explored, tested, and explained drawing from mainstream emotion theory. As expected, integral and incidental applicable emotions caused valence congruent effects, at the opposite sides of the subjective agency spectrum, by encouraging the generalization of dislike from the outgroup contact partner to the outgroup as a whole. On the other hand, incidental-non-applicable emotions caused valence-incongruent effects on bias, under high agency conditions, by encouraging (non-partner-centered) heuristic processing. Because of the improved methodology, these effects can be regarded as genuine and not the byproduct of methodological artifacts. This theory-driven and empirically sound analysis of the interplay between emotion source, emotion applicability and subjective agency in intergroup contact can increase the precision of emotion-based bias reduction strategies by deepening understanding of the emotion conditions that lead to intergroup bias attenuation vs. exacerbation.
... Jake Har-wood (Ph.D., University of California, Santa Barbara) is an associate professor in t... more ... Jake Har-wood (Ph.D., University of California, Santa Barbara) is an associate professor in the com-munication department at the ... atti-tudes concerning aging and intergenerational relationships (Harwood, Hewstone, Paolini, & Voci, in press; Silverstein & Parrott, 1997; Soliz & ...
Grounded in confirmation theory, the current research sought to explore the relationship between ... more Grounded in confirmation theory, the current research sought to explore the relationship between co-rumination of fat talk and weight control practices (i.e., binging and purging, exercising, and healthy eating behaviors), with a particular interest in whether perceptions of friends' responses during these interactions exacerbate or mitigate this relationship. Female friendship dyads completed online questionnaires at three time points across 2 weeks. Multilevel modeling analyses revealed that (a) co-rumination was positively associated with binging and purging and exercising, (b) women who perceived their friends as accepting reported less binging and purging, more exercising, and more healthy eating behaviors,
... Jake Harwood is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Communication Studies at the Univ... more ... Jake Harwood is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Communication Studies at the University of Kansas, where the first author is a doctoral ... In the words of Davis and Davis (1985), the elderly market is a "growing one and, contrary to popular opinion, it is one that is ...
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1300 J082v51n03_08, Oct 17, 2008
ABSTRACT This paper examines stereotypes of lesbians held by college students. Multiple stereotyp... more ABSTRACT This paper examines stereotypes of lesbians held by college students. Multiple stereotypes are elicited from a free response trait listing task, followed by a sorting task. The results of the sorting task are submitted to cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling to reveal the complexity of cognitive representations of this group. Eight types are described, reflecting underlying distinctions between positive perceptions (e.g., lipstick lesbian, career-oriented feminist) and negative perceptions (e.g., sexually deviant, angry butch) and also between relative strength and weakness. The research is discussed in terms of cognitive perspectives on stereotyping and gender inversion theory. Suggestions for future research are provided.
... 89 Karen Anderson-Jake Harwood Robinson y Skill (1995) concluyeron que frecuentemente se mue... more ... 89 Karen Anderson-Jake Harwood Robinson y Skill (1995) concluyeron que frecuentemente se muestra a las personas viejas considerando ... Bell (1992) analizó cinco programas vistos regularmente por personas adultas mayores, en tiempos de mayor audiencia, y concluyó ...
... Jake Harwood & Karen Anderson University of Kansas. Abstract. ... Work has examined the w... more ... Jake Harwood & Karen Anderson University of Kansas. Abstract. ... Work has examined the ways in which such family portrayals are linked to gender stereotypes in commercials (Coltrane & Adams, 1997; Kaufman, 1999) and on situation comedies (Olson & Douglas, 1997). ...
This article describes the ways in which music is an important part of identity, and hence serves... more This article describes the ways in which music is an important part of identity, and hence serves some similar functions to other forms of identity-related communication (e.g., language). It will describe how music is used to incite intergroup hatred (e.g., among soccer fans, military music) and to support valued identities (anthems, etc.). Relevant literature on stereotyping (including stereotyping of groups related to music) is included. The article also discusses how music is used to reduce intergroup hostility (e.g., via cross-cultural musical collaboration and contact). The article connects the various literatures from communication, social psychology, sociology, and ethnomusicology, providing a broad overview of the many connections between communication, music, and social identity. It closes with a research agenda for those interested in studying intergroup communication and music.
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