Objective The main objective of this paper is to compare the performance of logistic regression a... more Objective The main objective of this paper is to compare the performance of logistic regression and decision tree classification methods and to find the significant environment determinants that causes pre-term birth. Design, setting and population Between 2017 to 2018, 90 pregnant females underwent birth outcome followed by research staff at our institutions, out of those 50 are full-term and 40 are preterm births in this study. Method Before and after feature selection logistic regression and decision tree classifier model has been compared in this dataset and to evaluate the model accuracy. Main outcome measures Preforming the accuracy of machine learning classification model and important factors on pre-term birth. Results: Using chi-square test and find the Area of residence and GSH, MDA, α-HCH, total HCH and total DDT are responsible for the preterm birth. Using the multiple logistic regression, pre term birth was associated with MDA and α-HCH (95% CI 0.04 to 0.48 and 95% CI 0...
In India pre-term birth is the leading cause of death of infants and this number is continuously ... more In India pre-term birth is the leading cause of death of infants and this number is continuously increasing.
In India, cancer of the breast is the most common cancer among women in many regions and has over... more In India, cancer of the breast is the most common cancer among women in many regions and has overtaken cervix cancer. Organochlorine pesticides are one of the risk factors of this disease because of their potential estrogenic activity, immunosuppressive and tumor promoting properties. Organochlorine pesticides including, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) have been shown to enhance oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in various tissues. Redox status of breast tumors and surrounding tumor free breast tissues in association with organochlorine pesticides levels was investigated to find any possible association between them. Ten newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, mean age of (50.75±8.16) years from King George Medical University, Lucknow, were chosen for the study to determine antioxidant enzyme activities namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) was assayed. In case of blood MDA and SO...
Occupational exposure limits (OELs) are used as an important regulatory instrument to protect wor... more Occupational exposure limits (OELs) are used as an important regulatory instrument to protect workers' health from adverse effects of chemical exposures. The OELs mirror the outcome of the risk assessment and risk management performed by the standard setting actor. In this study we compared the OELs established by 18 different organisations or national regulatory agencies. The OELs were compared with respect to: (1) what chemicals have been selected and (2) the average level of exposure limits for all chemicals. Our database contains OELs for a total of 1341 substances; of these 25 substances have OELs from all 18 organisations while more than one-third of the substances are only regulated by one organisation. The average level of the exposure limits has declined during the past 10 years for 6 of the 8 organisations in our study for which historical data were available; it has increased for Poland and remained nearly unchanged for Sweden. The average level of OELs differs substantially between organisations; the US OSHA exposure limits are (on average) nearly 40 % higher than those of Poland. The scientific or policy-related motivations for these differences remain to be analysed.
Studies about pollution by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tropical soils and Brazil a... more Studies about pollution by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tropical soils and Brazil are scarce. A study was performed to examine the PAHs composition, concentrations and sources in red-yellow Oxisols of remnant Atlantic Forest of the São Paulo State. Sampling areas were located in an urban site (PEFI) and in a natural one (CUNHA).The granulometric composition, pH, organic matter content and mineralogical composition were determined in samples of superficial soils. The sum of PAHs (ΣHPAs) was 4.5 times higher in the urban area than in the natural one. Acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene and fluoranthene have been detected in the soils of both areas and presented similar concentrations. Acenaphthene and fluorene were the most abundant compounds. Pyrene was twice more abundant in the soils of natural area (15 µg.kg-1) than of the urban area and fluoranthene was the dominant compound (203 µg.kg-1) in urban area (6.8 times higher than in the natural area). So...
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), 2017
This study was conducted to seek association between placental redox (antioxidant/oxidant) parame... more This study was conducted to seek association between placental redox (antioxidant/oxidant) parameters and essential metals status (zinc, copper, iron) with birth weight. Placental tissue of pregnant women was collected and levels of zinc, copper and iron were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass spectrometry. The level of glutathione (GSH) along with the metals was found to markedly decrease in study group, while MDA concentration was significantly higher as compared to control group. Glutathione was found to be positively associated with the levels of zinc and birth weight inspite of negative correlation being established between birth weight and MDA. Placental iron level was indicated to be constructive association with birth weight and was unlikely related with level of MDA. Our findings from the study group supports that damaged antioxidant defence mechanism status is well linked with elevated level of MDA and decreased concentrations of essential metals rendering lower birth weight in neonates.
Objective: The placenta connects and separates two genetically distinct individuals: the mother a... more Objective: The placenta connects and separates two genetically distinct individuals: the mother and the fetus. There is no placental-fetal barrier blocking lead transport, placing the fetus at high risk from lead exposure. The placenta has been investigated as a possible indicator of environmental exposures. Recent studies have been focused on the interaction between toxic and essential metals in placenta as there is little information on the levels of lead and essential metals in human placental tissue in Indian scenario. Material & Methods: The present study was designed to determine the status of lead and some essential metals in placental tissue of women residing in and around, Lucknow, India. Sixty pregnant women attending the local maternity home in the city were recruited to determine the concentrations of lead (toxic metal) and zinc, copper, iron & calcium (essential metals) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: The mean±SD levels of placental lead was 0.35 ± 0...
Pre-term birth is worldwide problem, little is known about oxidative stress in placental tissue d... more Pre-term birth is worldwide problem, little is known about oxidative stress in placental tissue due to metals exposure of women during pregnancy. To seek correlation between concentration of metals and redox status in placental tissue of women with pre-term delivery and compared with those of women with the full-term delivery. Materials and Methods: A hospital based case-control study was conducted, total 80 pregnant women were selected for this study i.e., 30 females who delivered pre-term babies (gestational age <37 week) serve as study group and 50 females who delivered full term babies (gestational age > 37 week) serve as control group. Concentrations of metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and (Cu), malondialdehyde (MDA) end product of lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) were measured in placenta of study group and control group. Data were analyzed using Students t-test, chi square and linear regression. Results: In preterm cases level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and metals (Cd and Pb) were significantly higher, while level of GSH and some metals (Fe, Zn and Cu) were significantly lower in pre-term cases when compared to full-term cases. There were significant positive correlations of placental metals (Pb and Cd) with MDA (p<0.05), suggests that metals might have influenced pre-term deliveries. Conclusions: The results showed that elevated level of placental Cd and Pb induced oxidative stress which might implicate in pre-term deliveries and higher concentration of Zn and Cu may be concerned with the defence against oxidative stress in placental tissue of full-term cases.
Objective The main objective of this paper is to compare the performance of logistic regression a... more Objective The main objective of this paper is to compare the performance of logistic regression and decision tree classification methods and to find the significant environment determinants that causes pre-term birth. Design, setting and population Between 2017 to 2018, 90 pregnant females underwent birth outcome followed by research staff at our institutions, out of those 50 are full-term and 40 are preterm births in this study. Method Before and after feature selection logistic regression and decision tree classifier model has been compared in this dataset and to evaluate the model accuracy. Main outcome measures Preforming the accuracy of machine learning classification model and important factors on pre-term birth. Results: Using chi-square test and find the Area of residence and GSH, MDA, α-HCH, total HCH and total DDT are responsible for the preterm birth. Using the multiple logistic regression, pre term birth was associated with MDA and α-HCH (95% CI 0.04 to 0.48 and 95% CI 0...
In India pre-term birth is the leading cause of death of infants and this number is continuously ... more In India pre-term birth is the leading cause of death of infants and this number is continuously increasing.
In India, cancer of the breast is the most common cancer among women in many regions and has over... more In India, cancer of the breast is the most common cancer among women in many regions and has overtaken cervix cancer. Organochlorine pesticides are one of the risk factors of this disease because of their potential estrogenic activity, immunosuppressive and tumor promoting properties. Organochlorine pesticides including, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) have been shown to enhance oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in various tissues. Redox status of breast tumors and surrounding tumor free breast tissues in association with organochlorine pesticides levels was investigated to find any possible association between them. Ten newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, mean age of (50.75±8.16) years from King George Medical University, Lucknow, were chosen for the study to determine antioxidant enzyme activities namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) was assayed. In case of blood MDA and SO...
Occupational exposure limits (OELs) are used as an important regulatory instrument to protect wor... more Occupational exposure limits (OELs) are used as an important regulatory instrument to protect workers' health from adverse effects of chemical exposures. The OELs mirror the outcome of the risk assessment and risk management performed by the standard setting actor. In this study we compared the OELs established by 18 different organisations or national regulatory agencies. The OELs were compared with respect to: (1) what chemicals have been selected and (2) the average level of exposure limits for all chemicals. Our database contains OELs for a total of 1341 substances; of these 25 substances have OELs from all 18 organisations while more than one-third of the substances are only regulated by one organisation. The average level of the exposure limits has declined during the past 10 years for 6 of the 8 organisations in our study for which historical data were available; it has increased for Poland and remained nearly unchanged for Sweden. The average level of OELs differs substantially between organisations; the US OSHA exposure limits are (on average) nearly 40 % higher than those of Poland. The scientific or policy-related motivations for these differences remain to be analysed.
Studies about pollution by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tropical soils and Brazil a... more Studies about pollution by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tropical soils and Brazil are scarce. A study was performed to examine the PAHs composition, concentrations and sources in red-yellow Oxisols of remnant Atlantic Forest of the São Paulo State. Sampling areas were located in an urban site (PEFI) and in a natural one (CUNHA).The granulometric composition, pH, organic matter content and mineralogical composition were determined in samples of superficial soils. The sum of PAHs (ΣHPAs) was 4.5 times higher in the urban area than in the natural one. Acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene and fluoranthene have been detected in the soils of both areas and presented similar concentrations. Acenaphthene and fluorene were the most abundant compounds. Pyrene was twice more abundant in the soils of natural area (15 µg.kg-1) than of the urban area and fluoranthene was the dominant compound (203 µg.kg-1) in urban area (6.8 times higher than in the natural area). So...
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), 2017
This study was conducted to seek association between placental redox (antioxidant/oxidant) parame... more This study was conducted to seek association between placental redox (antioxidant/oxidant) parameters and essential metals status (zinc, copper, iron) with birth weight. Placental tissue of pregnant women was collected and levels of zinc, copper and iron were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass spectrometry. The level of glutathione (GSH) along with the metals was found to markedly decrease in study group, while MDA concentration was significantly higher as compared to control group. Glutathione was found to be positively associated with the levels of zinc and birth weight inspite of negative correlation being established between birth weight and MDA. Placental iron level was indicated to be constructive association with birth weight and was unlikely related with level of MDA. Our findings from the study group supports that damaged antioxidant defence mechanism status is well linked with elevated level of MDA and decreased concentrations of essential metals rendering lower birth weight in neonates.
Objective: The placenta connects and separates two genetically distinct individuals: the mother a... more Objective: The placenta connects and separates two genetically distinct individuals: the mother and the fetus. There is no placental-fetal barrier blocking lead transport, placing the fetus at high risk from lead exposure. The placenta has been investigated as a possible indicator of environmental exposures. Recent studies have been focused on the interaction between toxic and essential metals in placenta as there is little information on the levels of lead and essential metals in human placental tissue in Indian scenario. Material & Methods: The present study was designed to determine the status of lead and some essential metals in placental tissue of women residing in and around, Lucknow, India. Sixty pregnant women attending the local maternity home in the city were recruited to determine the concentrations of lead (toxic metal) and zinc, copper, iron & calcium (essential metals) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: The mean±SD levels of placental lead was 0.35 ± 0...
Pre-term birth is worldwide problem, little is known about oxidative stress in placental tissue d... more Pre-term birth is worldwide problem, little is known about oxidative stress in placental tissue due to metals exposure of women during pregnancy. To seek correlation between concentration of metals and redox status in placental tissue of women with pre-term delivery and compared with those of women with the full-term delivery. Materials and Methods: A hospital based case-control study was conducted, total 80 pregnant women were selected for this study i.e., 30 females who delivered pre-term babies (gestational age <37 week) serve as study group and 50 females who delivered full term babies (gestational age > 37 week) serve as control group. Concentrations of metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and (Cu), malondialdehyde (MDA) end product of lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) were measured in placenta of study group and control group. Data were analyzed using Students t-test, chi square and linear regression. Results: In preterm cases level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and metals (Cd and Pb) were significantly higher, while level of GSH and some metals (Fe, Zn and Cu) were significantly lower in pre-term cases when compared to full-term cases. There were significant positive correlations of placental metals (Pb and Cd) with MDA (p<0.05), suggests that metals might have influenced pre-term deliveries. Conclusions: The results showed that elevated level of placental Cd and Pb induced oxidative stress which might implicate in pre-term deliveries and higher concentration of Zn and Cu may be concerned with the defence against oxidative stress in placental tissue of full-term cases.
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Papers by Madhu Anand