Papers by Kristin Heumann
PubMed, 2020
This study was designed to quantify the relationships between physical characteristics and maxima... more This study was designed to quantify the relationships between physical characteristics and maximal strength in the back squat, the bench press and the deadlift on powerlifters and football players. Eighteen male junior drug-tested classic powerlifters and seventeen NCAA Division II American football players' anthropometric measurements were taken to compare them with maximal strength results from either a powerlifting meet or testing from their supervised strength and conditioning program. Pearson's bivariate correlations analysis revealed (statistical significance was set at p<0.05) that individuals with a greater (Wilks points) back squat, generally presented a higher Bodyweight (BW) (r=0.37), Body Mass Index (BMI) (r=0.45), Bodyfat Percentage (BF%) (r=0.36), Hip (r=0.41), Waist (r=0.35) and Torso (r=0.41) Circumference (C), Hip C/Height (r=0.46), Waist C/Height (r=0.39) and Torso C/Height (r=0.45) ratios. The individuals with a greater bench press generally presented a higher BMI (r=0.37), Lean Body Weight (LBW) (r=0.36), Hip C (r=0.39) and Hip C/Height ratio (r=0.39). On the other hand, individuals with a greater deadlift were generally older (r=0.34), shorter (r=-0.41), had shorter thighs (r=-0.52) and trunks (r=-0.36), smaller Thigh Length (L)/Height ratio (r=-0.44), Waist C/Hip C (r=-0.41) and Thigh L/Lower Leg L (r=-0.53) ratios, but a higher Lower Leg L/Height ratio (r=-046). The results of this study should be utilized by strength and conditioning coaches to deepen their comprehension of their athletes' physical characteristics in order to help them develop strength through their advantages. Further research should focus on evaluating how physical characteristics affect performance in different squat, bench, and deadlift stances.
Journal of Kinesiology & Wellness
Physical education service programs on college and university campuses vary across the United Sta... more Physical education service programs on college and university campuses vary across the United States. In the 1920s some 97 percent of institutions required physical education for their students, and that requirement held strong, with some 84-87 percent of colleges and universities still requiring it as a graduation requirement up through the 1960s. In the last 60 years, that percentage has dropped to an estimated 39.5. To get a clearer picture of the current status of physical education service programs across the United States, analyzing offerings on a state-by-state basis is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of physical education service programs in Utah’s colleges and universities by examining the specific requirements of each institution to get as detailed and as accurate results as possible. Of Utah’s 10 traditional institutions of higher education, all 10 (100%) offer physical education courses; 1 (10%) mandates a wellness course as a graduation req...
Journal of Kinesiology & Wellness
Physical education once was a cornerstone to higher education, with some 97 percent of institutio... more Physical education once was a cornerstone to higher education, with some 97 percent of institutions requiring it in their respective curricula. Over the twentieth century, that percentage held steady with some 84-87 percent of institutions requiring physical education well into the late 1960s. During the next four decades, the number of institutions requiring physical education dropped steadily, to where some 39.5 percent of institutions of higher education were requiring it. However, the data from those studies came from surveys and thus had limitations. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of physical education in Colorado’s colleges and universities by examining the specific requirements of each institution to get as detailed and as accurate results as possible. The results indicated that only 22 percent of four-year institutions and 7 percent of two-year schools, 15.6 percent overall, require physical education in their curricula for graduation. On a positive no...
... While ultrasound values are highly correlated (r=0.74-0.88) with osteoporosis diagnostic crit... more ... While ultrasound values are highly correlated (r=0.74-0.88) with osteoporosis diagnostic criteria from DXA (Jaworski, Lebiedowski, Lorene, &amp; Trempe, 1995; Schott, Hans, Sornay-... attainment (Root, 2002; Bonjour, Chevalley, Ferrari, &amp; Rizzoli, 2009; Ferrari, 2008). ...
Journal of Science and Cycling, 2017
Introduction Bone quality has been correlated with lifetime physical activity. The bone quality o... more Introduction Bone quality has been correlated with lifetime physical activity. The bone quality of male collegiate athletes was measured to investigate the effect of weight bearing load in sports on bone health. For the purpose of this study, soccer, football, and cross-country were considered weight bearing sports (WB), while cycling and swimming were non-weight bearing (NWB) sports.  Methods Bone scans were completed with an Achilles InSight Ultrasonometer device (Figure 1). Male collegiate athletes (n=50); ten subjects from each sport received a calcaneal bone scan on both feet. All tests were performed in the fall sports season when subjects were in-season training for competition. Strength training regimens differed for each sport. The subjects had no history of musculoskeletal injuries within 12 months prior to the bone scans. This device provided three values used for analysis of bone health: Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation (BUA: dB/MHz), Speed of Sound (SOS: m/sec), and...
Medical research archives, 2019
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy use has become common practice amongst certain athlete groups. Theoreti... more Hyperbaric oxygen therapy use has become common practice amongst certain athlete groups. Theoretically, the additional oxygen available from a hyperbaric oxygen treatment aids the body in healing and recovery, creating an optimal environment for the body to heal faster than it normally would. Debate remains as to whether a treatment in a mild hyperbaric oxygen unit (cheaper and portable) can have the same beneficial results of a treatment in a standard hyperbaric oxygen unit. The data needed to authenticate the benefits of mild hyperbaric oxygen use as compared to standard hyperbaric oxygen exists in the various settings that use this modality. The data needs to be collected, analyzed, and disseminated.
International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 491-496, 2016. The Achilles InSight bone ultrason... more International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 491-496, 2016. The Achilles InSight bone ultrasonometer is a portable ultrasound device for quantitatively measuring bone composition both safely and inexpensively via the calcaneus. The effect of acute, brisk walking as a possible source of error on the reliability of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements was investigated. Forty-seven participants (17 women, 30 men; age M ± SD = 20.44 ± 1.16) had their calcaneus measured with the Achilles InSight both before and after a 15-min bout of walking at (5.63 km·h-1 (3.5 mph). The Achilles InSight was deemed reliable via a test-and-retest protocol (ICC α = 0.94). The reliability of the Achilles InSight indicated that the measurement was statistically unaffected by the effects of acute, brisk walking.
International Journal of Exercise Science, 2013
Kinesio Tape® (KT) is purported to help coordinate involuntary contractions. KT applied to the th... more Kinesio Tape® (KT) is purported to help coordinate involuntary contractions. KT applied to the thorax is believed to enhance breathing during constant-load exercise, but verification is lacking. We had 12 participants complete a graded exercise test to determine gas-exchange threshold (GET), and two, constant-load bouts sufficient in intensity to evoke the VO2 slow component using no tape (NT) or KT applied to the thorax, respectively, in counterbalanced order. Indirect calorimetery measured ventilatory and gas-exchange parameters, and a 3-lead EKG recorded heart rate (HR). A greater expiratory tidal volume (+150 mL•min-1) along with a small, yet significant (P < 0.05), improvement in mechanical efficiency occurred when using KT. Using KT did not affect exercising respiratory rate or HR, and most participants reported that KT was comfortable during exercise. ATs may apply KT to the thorax to improve heavy exercise efficiency, but research on exhaustive exercise is warranted.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2011
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that E2 administration partially prevents the loss of bone resul... more CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that E2 administration partially prevents the loss of bone resulting from HLU of OVX animals and also suggest that E2 may be required for the mechanical overload induced restoration of BMD following disuse.
Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association, 2011
Currently, there is a paucity of literature that describes physical fitness levels in deploying s... more Currently, there is a paucity of literature that describes physical fitness levels in deploying service members. There has been no data collected that evaluate the Army National Guard or Reserves. This descriptive study will provide physical fitness data for soldiers in the Arizona National Guard (AZNG), allowing for a comparison between the active and reserve components. Sixty soldiers from the AZNG were tested before deployment. Body composition was measured by using air displacement plethysmography. Flexibility testing included the sit and reach (SNR), trunk extension (TE), and shoulder elevation (SE) assessments. Muscular strength was determined by the completion of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and back squat. Muscular endurance was determined by the completion of the Army push-up (P/U) and sit-up (S/U) test. Muscular power was assessed by the completion of the Wingate cycle test and the standing broad jump (SBJ). Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by the complet...
Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 2014
Jumping rope (JR) is known to enhance Os Calcis Stiffness Index (OCSI) in postpubertal girls; how... more Jumping rope (JR) is known to enhance Os Calcis Stiffness Index (OCSI) in postpubertal girls; however the effects in prepubescent girls are unknown.Purpose:Qualitative Ultrasound (QUS) indices were compared between competitive JRs (N = 19) and normally active (NA, N = 18) girls 9–12 years old.Methods:Heel QUS, height, weight, percent body fat (bioelectrical impedance), and Tanner Sex Stage (self-report) were measured.Results:JR were significantly younger and had less body fat than NA (p < .01). No other between group differences were found. OCSI was not different between groups even after correcting for fat mass (p > 0.3). Broadband attenuation (BUA) was correlated with Tanner stage (R > .40; p = .01).Conclusion:QUS of the heel bone is more related to pubertal status than to JR participation in young girls. Prepubertal girls who perform high intensity jumping have similar bone quality measures as normally active girls.
Strategies, 2018
One popular activity within physical education curricula today is jump rope. Jump rope is recogni... more One popular activity within physical education curricula today is jump rope. Jump rope is recognized as an excellent activity for developing motor skills and the affective domain, and it aligns with several recommended outcomes for physical education listed by the SHAPE America – Society of Health and Physical Educators. This article describes two-person, one-rope jump rope activities and tricks, and provides step-by-step progressions and verbal cues for developing a unit.
Amid COVID-19, many institutions deployed vast resources to test their members regularly for safe... more Amid COVID-19, many institutions deployed vast resources to test their members regularly for safe reopening. This self-focused approach, however, not only overlooks surrounding communities but also remains blind to community transmission that could breach the institution. To test the relative merits of a more altruistic strategy, we built an epidemiological model that assesses the differential impact on case counts when institutions instead allocate a proportion of their tests to members’ close contacts in the larger community. We found that testing outside the institution benefits the institution in all plausible circumstances, with the optimal proportion of tests to use externally landing at 45% under baseline model parameters. Our results were robust to local prevalence, secondary attack rate, testing capacity, and contact reporting level, yielding a range of optimal community testing proportions from 18% to 58%. The model performed best under the assumption that community contac...
Medical Research Archives
Cryotherapy is a common component of acute and sub-acute therapy in certain settings, but the use... more Cryotherapy is a common component of acute and sub-acute therapy in certain settings, but the use of cryotherapy is controversial and not well understood. The theory for cryotherapy use in an acute setting centers on decreasing secondary injury and thus total tissue damage. Opponents of this therapy cite a lack of evidence to support the use of cryotherapy and that cryotherapy delays the inflammatory processes. Neither argument has conclusive evidence to support their claims. The data to substantiate or refute the use of cryotherapy exists in the various settings that use cryotherapy on a daily basis and needs to be collected, analyzed, and discussed.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Journal of sport rehabilitation, 2017
Clinical Scenario: Concussions are a prevalent topic in medicine. Concussion symptoms include hea... more Clinical Scenario: Concussions are a prevalent topic in medicine. Concussion symptoms include headaches, dizziness, nausea, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognitive impairments, the persistence of which is referred to as postconcussion syndrome. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been proposed and evaluated as an additional treatment of these symptoms. HBOT is an innovative approach that has been considered by many but has received both criticism and acceptance. Is HBOT an effective means of reducing symptoms for individuals suffering from postconcussion syndrome (persistence of symptoms for >3 mo)? Summary of Search: The literature was searched for studies that were relevant to the clinical question. Literature provided 5 level 1 studies that were relevant enough to be considered. Clinical Bottom Line: Based on the research that is available, the authors conclude that there is more evidence to refute the use of HBOT for postconcussion syndrome than to support it. Strength of R...
Strength and Conditioning Journal, 2016
Journal of Kinesiology and Wellness, 2019
Heumann K and Murray S. Physical education once was a cornerstone to higher education, with some ... more Heumann K and Murray S. Physical education once was a cornerstone to higher education, with some 97 percent of institutions requiring it in their respective curricula. Over the twentieth century, that percentage held steady with some 84-87 percent of institutions requiring physical education well into the late 1960s. During the next four decades, the number of institutions requiring physical education dropped steadily, to where some 39.5 percent of institutions of higher education were requiring it. However, the data from those studies came from surveys and thus had limitations. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of physical education in Colorado's colleges and universities by examining the specific requirements of each institution to get as detailed and as accurate results as possible. The results indicated that only 22 percent of four-year institutions and 7 percent of two-year schools, 15.6 percent overall, require physical education in their curricula for graduation. On a positive note, however, some 85 percent of Colorado's colleges and universities offer some type of physical education course for credit. We are hopeful that this study can serve as a model for the Western Society of Kinesiology and Wellness's membership to gather similar data for all states within its region. Ultimately, perhaps national data such as this can be collected and published.
Military Medicine, 2012
To characterize noncombat injury/illness, determine changes in physical fitness, and evaluate the... more To characterize noncombat injury/illness, determine changes in physical fitness, and evaluate the influence of these changes on medical resource utilization by National Guard (NG) Soldiers. Fifty-four Soldiers from the Arizona NG completed pre- and postdeployment fitness testing. Additionally, individual deployment medical records were inventoried. The majority of noncombat-related medical visits (41%) were musculoskeletal in nature, followed by miscellaneous (33%) and respiratory (13%). Soldiers experienced significant decreases in percent fat mass (-11.1%, p &amp;amp;lt; 0.001) and VO2 peak (-10.8%, p &amp;amp;lt; 0.001). There were significant increases in push-ups (16.4%, p &amp;amp;lt; 0.001), sit-ups (11.0%, p = 0.001), bench-press (10.2%, p &amp;amp;lt; 0.001), and back squat (14.2%, p &amp;amp;lt; 0.001) measures. VO2 peak was inversely correlated to medical resource utilization (r = -0.45 to -0.28, p &amp;amp;lt; or = 0.05). The tertile of Soldiers experiencing the sharpest declines in VO2 peak had significantly more medical visits over the course of the deployment than the other two tertiles (8.0 vs. 2.6 vs. 3.1 medical visits/Soldier, p &amp;amp;lt; or = 0.05). The predominate noncombat medical issue was musculoskeletal injury. NG Soldiers improved their body composition, strength, and endurance but experienced significant declines in aerobic fitness while deployed. These data document the association between declining aerobic fitness and increased utilization of medical resources.
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Papers by Kristin Heumann