static VALUE
tcp_s_gethostbyname(VALUE obj, VALUE host)
{
    rb_warn("TCPSocket.gethostbyname is deprecated; use Addrinfo.getaddrinfo instead.");
    struct rb_addrinfo *res =
        rsock_addrinfo(host, Qnil, AF_UNSPEC, SOCK_STREAM, AI_CANONNAME, 0);
    return rsock_make_hostent(host, res, tcp_sockaddr);
}

Use Addrinfo.getaddrinfo instead. This method is deprecated for the following reasons:

• The 3rd element of the result is the address family of the first address. The address families of the rest of the addresses are not returned.

• gethostbyname() may take a long time and it may block other threads. (GVL cannot be released since gethostbyname() is not thread safe.)

• This method uses gethostbyname() function already removed from POSIX.

This method lookups host information by hostname.

TCPSocket.gethostbyname("localhost")
#=> ["localhost", ["hal"], 2, "127.0.0.1"]

static VALUE
tcp_init(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE sock)
{
    VALUE remote_host, remote_serv;
    VALUE local_host, local_serv;
    VALUE opt;
    static ID keyword_ids[5];
    VALUE kwargs[5];
    VALUE resolv_timeout = Qnil;
    VALUE connect_timeout = Qnil;
    VALUE open_timeout = Qnil;
    VALUE fast_fallback = Qnil;
    VALUE test_mode_settings = Qnil;

    if (!keyword_ids[0]) {
        CONST_ID(keyword_ids[0], "resolv_timeout");
        CONST_ID(keyword_ids[1], "connect_timeout");
        CONST_ID(keyword_ids[2], "open_timeout");
        CONST_ID(keyword_ids[3], "fast_fallback");
        CONST_ID(keyword_ids[4], "test_mode_settings");
    }

    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "22:", &remote_host, &remote_serv,
                        &local_host, &local_serv, &opt);

    if (!NIL_P(opt)) {
        rb_get_kwargs(opt, keyword_ids, 0, 5, kwargs);
        if (kwargs[0] != Qundef) { resolv_timeout = kwargs[0]; }
        if (kwargs[1] != Qundef) { connect_timeout = kwargs[1]; }
        if (kwargs[2] != Qundef) { open_timeout = kwargs[2]; }
        if (kwargs[3] != Qundef) { fast_fallback = kwargs[3]; }
        if (kwargs[4] != Qundef) { test_mode_settings = kwargs[4]; }
    }

    if (fast_fallback == Qnil) {
        fast_fallback = rb_ivar_get(rb_cSocket, tcp_fast_fallback);
        if (fast_fallback == Qnil) fast_fallback = Qtrue;
    }

    return rsock_init_inetsock(sock, remote_host, remote_serv,
                               local_host, local_serv, INET_CLIENT,
                               resolv_timeout, connect_timeout, open_timeout,
                               fast_fallback, test_mode_settings);
}

Opens a TCP connection to remote_host on remote_port. If local_host and local_port are specified, then those parameters are used on the local end to establish the connection.

Starting from Ruby 3.4, this method operates according to the Happy Eyeballs Version 2 (RFC 8305) algorithm by default, except on Windows.

For details on Happy Eyeballs Version 2, see Socket.tcp_fast_fallback=.

To make it behave the same as in Ruby 3.3 and earlier, explicitly specify the option fast_fallback:false. Or, setting Socket.tcp_fast_fallback=false will disable Happy Eyeballs Version 2 not only for this method but for all Socket globally.

When using TCPSocket.new on Windows, Happy Eyeballs Version 2 is not provided, and it behaves the same as in Ruby 3.3 and earlier.

:resolv_timeout

Specifies the timeout in seconds from when the hostname resolution starts.

:connect_timeout

This method sequentially attempts connecting to all candidate destination addresses.
The connect_timeout specifies the timeout in seconds from the start of the connection attempt to the last candidate.
By default, all connection attempts continue until the timeout occurs.
When fast_fallback:false is explicitly specified,
a timeout is set for each connection attempt and any connection attempt that exceeds its timeout will be canceled.

:open_timeout

Specifies the timeout in seconds from the start of the method execution.
If this timeout is reached while there are still addresses that have not yet been attempted for connection, no further attempts will be made.
If this option is specified together with other timeout options, an ArgumentError will be raised.

:fast_fallback

Enables the Happy Eyeballs Version 2 algorithm (enabled by default).