Wikipedia

2017 Western Iraq campaign

The 2017 Western Iraq campaign was the final major military operation of the 2013–2017 war in Iraq, in the western province of Anbar, and on the border with Syria, with the goal of completely expelling ISIL forces from their last strongholds in Iraq.[9][10]

2017 Western Iraq campaign
Part of the War in Iraq (2013-2017)

Map of the Iraqi advances in Western Iraq
Date26 October – 9 December 2017
(1 month, 1 week and 6 days)
Location
Western Iraq
33°25′00″N 43°18′00″E / 33.4167°N 43.3000°E / 33.4167; 43.3000
Result

Iraqi victory

Territorial
changes
  • The Iraqi Army recaptures Al-Qa'im, the Al-Qa'im District, Al-Qa'im border crossing,[2][3][4][5] and Rawa.
  • Iraqi forces fully control all Iraqi territory.
    • Belligerents
    Iraq Iraq
    CJTF–OIR    		  ISIL
    Commanders and leaders
    Iraq Lt. Gen. Abdel Emir Yarallah[6] Islamic State Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi[7]
    Units involved

    Iraq Iraqi pro-government forces

    		Military of ISIL
    Strength
    Unknown 1,500 (CJTF-OIR estimate)[8]
    Casualties and losses
    Unknown Unknown

    The offensive followed the Hawija offensive by the Iraqi Government, and was also concurrent with several major offensives in Syria: the Syrian Democratic Forces' Deir ez-Zor offensive, and the Syrian Government's Battle of Deir ez-Zor and Eastern Syria campaign on the opposite side of the Al-Qa'im border crossing.

    Background

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    Main articles: Anbar campaign (2013–14), Anbar campaign (2015–16), and Western Anbar offensive (September 2017)

    Al-Qa'im was known as a hotbed of jihadist insurgency, after the 2003 invasion of Iraq, with coalition forces carrying out repeated operations against Al-Qaeda jihadists. The strategic and porous border started becoming a route for foreign fighters entering Iraq from Syria, who was accused by Iraqi Government of ignoring it.[11]

    The towns of western Anbar were captured by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in 2014.[12] Before the 2017 offensive, Iraqi forces had dislodged the group from key cities of Anbar including Ramadi and Fallujah but the areas near border with Syria including Anah, Rawa, Al-Qaim left and the vast rural areas across the province remained under militant control.[13] An Iraqi operation was launched towards west Anbar in January 2017, but was suspended after recapture of towns of Sagra and Zawiya because of preparations for retaking the western bank of Mosul.[14]

    In September 2017, the Iraqi Army launched an offensive in the western Anbar Province, recapturing the towns of Akashat on 16 September and Anah on 21 September.[15] After recapturing Hawija on 5 October Iraqi Army was expected to fight ISIL in Anbar. Instead, it paused its military actions and later started advancing on Kirkuk.[16]

    The campaign

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    Al-Qaim

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    Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi announced an offensive to recapture the western border region of al-Qaim and Rawa on 26 October.[17] He stated, "The heroic legions are advancing into the last den of terrorism in Iraq to liberate al-Qaim, Rawa and the surrounding villages and hamlets." Iraqi forces including the troops, police, Sunni tribesmen and mostly Shia militias, participated in the assault. Later, Lieutenant-General Abdul Amir Yarallah announced that they had cleared Umm al-Waz village, 55 kilometres (34 mi) south-east of al-Qa'im, and the H-2 Air Base, along with the nearby Husseiniyat area, 120 kilometres (75 mi) south of al-Qaim. According to the United Nations, around 50,000 people were still in al-Qaim and Rawa.[8] Meanwhile, Walid al-Dulaimi, an Iraqi army colonel, told Anadolu Agency that they had captured Rawa intersection and the Jabbab district, which is about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of Rawa.[18]

    Iraqi Army's War Media Cell announced on 27 October that the Popular Mobilisation Units (PMU) had secured 43 kilometres (27 mi) of the Akashat-al-Qaim road and an area of 301 km2 (116.2 sq mi) (south of al-Qa'im. It also added that PMU captured al-Qakm cement plant, al-Qaom Quarries, al-Qaim station and the water station. Iraqi Army meanwhile captured villages of Awani, northern Jabab and al-Zalla on southern bank of Euphrates.[citation needed] Army Major-General Qasim al-Muhammadi told Anadolu Agency on the same day that 25 militants were killed in a clash between Iraqi Army and ISIL near T1 area, 40 kilometres (25 mi) of al-Qa'im. He added that a large number of militants also retreated to center of al-Qaim district. Ahmed al-Dulaimi, an Anbar police captain, stated that five militants and two tribal fighters were killed in the same area a day earlier.[19]

    The Joint Operations Command (JOC) stated on 28 October that pro-Iraqi forces had taken control of large areas to east of al-Qaim, after routing the militants from their hideouts. It also stated that the Iraqi troops had also captured many villages, a bridge on the Euphrates, the al-Qaim railway station, a military airbase, and the Akkas gas field. The JOC added that so far, 75 militants had been killed, while nine SVBIEDs, 10 militant vehicles, and four bomb-making sites had been destroyed, while 378 roadside bombs were defused or detonated.[20] The JOC also reported that 33 villages had been recaptured from ISIL, within 2 days of the offensive.[21] The Defence Ministry stated on 29 October that Iraqi aeroplanes had dropped thousands of leaflets in ISIL-held areas of Anbar, urging militants to surrender.[22] An Iraqi security source stated on the same day that ISIL fighters had fled towards Al-Bukamal in Syria, after many leaders fled and were killed in airstrikes. Meanwhile, Qatari al-Samarmad, a PMU commander, stated that Ra'ed al-Atouri, the ISIL military official of al-Qa'im, and six of his companions had been killed by Iraqi warplanes.[23]

    By 31 October, Iraqi forces had reached the edge of al-Qaim. The JOC announced that Iraqi forces, backed by United States' aerial strikes and Sunni tribal fighters, had captured the village of al-Obeidi, adding that even though ISIL resisted the advance of the troops, the majority retreated to centre of al-Qaim. Yarallah stated that they had also captured a cement plant and a phosphate processing facility.[24] He added that they also took control of a nearby residential complex, nine villages around Obeidi as well as large areas of Akkas gas field.[25] Army Brigadier-General Numaan Abdul-Zobai said that they also captured villages of Rafedah and Al-Kasim to west of al-Qaim.[26] Minister of Oil Jabar al-Luaibi stated on 2 November that Iraq forces had captured the Akkas gas field.[27] Major-General Numaan Abd al-Zawbaei, commander of the army's 7th Division, said on the same day that regular troops backed by the PMU had captured Al-Saada area, and the nearby villages of Jereejib and Qunaitera, west of Al-Qaim, killing several militants and destroying a number of booby-trapped vehicles.[28]

     
    United States Army artillery provides fire support for Iraqi security forces near al-Qa'im, 7 November 2017

    On 3 November, the Iraqi Army captured the Abu Kamal-Al-Qa'im border crossing.[29] The JOC announced they had entered al-Qa'im as well.[30] The PMU captured the town's train station, as well as the al-Karabilah neighbourhood during the day, while also entering the Gaza neighbourhood.[citation needed] Later on the same day, Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi announced that Iraqi Government forces had captured al-Qa'im.[31] Iraqi Government forces also recaptured the rest of the Al-Qa'im District.[2][3][4] This stripped ISIL of all its border crossings along the Iraqi–Syrian border,[3] and left only Rawa under ISIL rule.[31]

    Interlude

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    Following the loss of the border city of Al-Qa'im and Deir ez-Zor, Al-Bukamal in Syria was the last town of note under their full control, where they were expected to make their final stand.[32] ISIL forces also began massing at Al-Bukamal, boosted by the retreating ISIL fighters from Iraq.[33] On 5 November, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) claimed that ISIL had driven out PMU out of Al-Bukamal's countryside.[34] However Kata'ib Hezbollah spokesman Jaafar al-Husseini stated that they clashed with ISIL just metres from border with Syria and fired rockets into Syria, adding that their forces did not cross into Syria.[35]

    Rawa

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    Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi stated on 11 November that the Iraqi forces were launching an operation to push militants out of an area in western Iraq.[36] The offensive to recapture Rawa was launched during the day. Two Iraqi divisions and Sunni tribal fighters carried out the operation. Yarallah said that the troops had captured Rumana and its bridge, along with 10 other villages.[37] Iraqi Army Col. Waleed al-Dulaimi told Anadolu Agency that Iraqi forces captured six villages on 13 November. He added that militants had fled from the villages towards the desert north-west of the city of Rawa.[38] Lieutenant-General Abdul Amir Yarallah stated on 15 November that they had killed 48 militants during the past three days while capturing 13 villages.[39]

    Iraqi military stated on 17 November that security forces had penetrated into Rawa. Yarallah of the JOC stated that Iraqi troops and paramilitary forces had started the push at dawn and had captured four neighbourhoods after some hours.[40] Iraqi forces captured Rawa later in the day. Yarallah stated that the government troops and paramilitary units "liberated the whole of Rawa and raised the Iraqi flag on all of its official buildings."[41] Prime Minister al-Abadi congratulated Iraqi armed forces and people, saying Rawa was retaken in record time. He stated: "Liberation of Rawa district in mere hours reflects the great strength and power of our heroic armed forces and the successful planning for battles." A military spokesman stated, "With the liberation of Rawa we can say all the areas in which Daesh is present have been liberated." He added that Iraqi forces will pursue the militants who fled into the desert and exert control over Iraq's borders.[1]

    Al-Jazirah Desert

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    Prime Minister al-Abadi stated on 21 November that while ISIL was already defeated from a military perspective, he would declare the final victory only after it were defeated in the desert areas.[42] On 23 November, Iraqi forces announced the launch of an offensive to clear the desert bordering Syria. Army, police and paramilitary units advanced into areas of Saladin, Nineveh and Anbar Governorates forming part of the region called al-Jazira.[43]

    Iraqi forces stated on 24 November that ISIL was withdrawing deep into the desert to escape the offensive. The PMF stated its forces had taken control of 77 villages since the launch of the offensive. It added that five militants were killed south of Hatra, but otherwise the militants put up little resistance. It also stated that it had taken control of an airfield in the same area, where they discovered underground warehouses used by the militants.[44] The Iraqi military later stated that the forces had captured 45 villages, clearing some 2,400 km2 (926.6 sq mi) on 24 November.[45]

    The Iraqi military stated on 27 November that it was facing a tough battle against the militants, in deep gorges and other natural hideouts in the western desert. Gen. Yahya Rasoul, JOC spokesman, declared that the first phase was over and they had retaken half of the around 29,000 km2 (11,197 sq mi). desert area.[46] Iraqi forces announced a new phase on 8 December against the remaining militant holdouts in the western desert.[47]

    Prime Minister al-Abadi declared final victory over ISIL on 9 December after Iraqi forces drove away the last remnants. Iraqi military stated that the forces had recaptured the last areas still under the group's control.[48] Yarallah stated that the troops had taken control of over 90 villages and cleared 19,600 km2 of land during the last operation over the past day.[49]

    Aftermath

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    Main article: Iraqi insurgency (2017–present)

    On 10 December, Iraqi forces held a military parade in Baghdad's Green Zone to celebrate their victory over ISIL. Prime Minister al-Abadi declared that 10 December would become a new annual holiday for Iraq.[50] Following their victory, Iraqi forces expected a new phase of insurgency from the remaining ISIL elements.[50]

    See also

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    References

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    1. ^ a b Ahmed Aboulenein (November 17, 2017). "Iraqi forces recapture last Islamic State-held town". Reuters.
    2. ^ a b "The Latest: Iraq Says Liberated Last IS-Held Town of Qaim". U.S. News & World Report L.P. November 3, 2017. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
    3. ^ a b c "ISIL loses al-Qaim in Iraq and Deir Az Zor in Syria". Al Jazeera Media Network. November 3, 2017. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
    4. ^ a b Sinan Salaheddin (November 5, 2017). "Iraqi PM raises flag at border crossing taken from IS". Business Insider. Archived from the original on November 6, 2017. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
    5. ^ "Qatar congratulates Iraq on liberation of Al Qaim district". Peninsula Qatar.
    6. ^ "Iraqi forces free Akashat from IS near border with Syria". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on September 16, 2017.
    7. ^ "Iraqi forces launch battle against Islamic State footholds in vast Anbar province". The Washington Post. September 19, 2017.
    8. ^ a b "Iraqi forces launch assault on last IS bastion of al-Qaim". BBC News. October 26, 2017.
    9. ^ "Iraq forces launch 'last big fight' against IS". Rudaw. October 26, 2017. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
    10. ^ "Iraqi forces enter al-Qaim on Syrian border, one of last ISIS bases". Rudaw. November 3, 2017. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
    11. ^ "Al-Qaim: last IS bastion in Iraq". Agence-France Presse. France24. October 26, 2017. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
    12. ^ "Iraqi Troops Advance in Western Anbar, Amid the Referendum Row". Newsclick. September 20, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
    13. ^ "Iraqi forces launch new offensive against IS in Iraq's Anbar". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on September 19, 2017.
    14. ^ Kittleson, Shelly. "After Mosul, Iraq's western Anbar next up in IS fight". Al-Monitor. Retrieved September 15, 2017.
    15. ^ "Anbar op aims to restore Iraqi-Syrian border". Al-Monitor. September 27, 2017. Retrieved November 4, 2017.
    16. ^ "How the US paved the way for Iraq's crackdown on Kurdistan". Jerusalem Post. November 2, 2017. Retrieved November 4, 2017.
    17. ^ "Iraq announces offensive to retake last Daesh bastion". Daily Sabah.
    18. ^ "Iraqi forces strike another blow against Daesh in Anbar". Anadolu Agency.
    19. ^ "Tribal fighters, Daesh clash in Iraq's Anbar; 32 killed". Anadolu Agency.
    20. ^ "Tribal fighters, Daesh clash in Iraq's Anbar; 32 killed". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on October 28, 2017.
    21. ^ Nehal Mostafa (October 28, 2017). "75 Islamic State militants killed in two days in western Anbar: Military". Retrieved November 6, 2017.
    22. ^ al-Saadi, Amir. "Iraqi army urges Daesh to surrender". Anadolu Agency.
    23. ^ "Daesh Members Flee Western Iraqi Border Region toward Syria". Tasnim News Agency.
    24. ^ "Iraqi forces on edge of final Daesh bastion". Agence-France Presse. Gulf News.
    25. ^ "Iraqi forces gain more ground in last IS stronghold in western Iraq". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017.
    26. ^ al-Qubaisi, Suleiman; al-Saadi, Ibrahim. "Iraqi forces close in on Daesh's last holdouts in Anbar". Anadolu Agency.
    27. ^ Rasherd, Ahmed (November 2, 2017). "Iraqi forces capture Akkas gas field from Islamic State: minister". Reuters. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
    28. ^ al-Qubaisi, Suleiman; Qassem, Ahmed (November 2, 2017). "Iraqi forces register more gains against Daesh in Anbar". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
    29. ^ "Iraqi forces retake border crossing with Syria from Islamic State, Shi'ite militias say". Reuters. November 3, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
    30. ^ "Iraqi forces enter al-Qaim in final offensive on Islamic State-held territory". Reuters. November 3, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
    31. ^ a b "Islamic State on verge of defeat after fresh losses in Syria, Iraq". Reuters. November 3, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
    32. ^ Josie Ensor and Ben Farmer (November 3, 2017). "Isil facing endgame after fall of last city in its caliphate". The Telegraph News. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
    33. ^ Loaa Adel (November 4, 2017). "Al-Bukamal gathers largest number of ISIL members in Syria". Retrieved November 5, 2017.
    34. ^ "IS gunmen drive "Hashd" irregulars to Iraq-Syrian border". Kuwait News Agency.
    35. ^ "Iraq forces, ISIS fighters clash near Syrian border". Arkansas Online. Associated Press.
    36. ^ "Iraqi forces launch anti-IS operation in western Anbar". ABC News. Associated Press.
    37. ^ "Iraqi forces advance on ISIL-held Rawa in Anbar". Al-Jazeera.
    38. ^ Suleiman al-Qubaisi. "Army retakes 6 villages in western Iraq from Daesh". Anadolu Agency.
    39. ^ "Iraqi forces kill 48 IS militants in offensive near Syrian border". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on November 16, 2017.
    40. ^ "Iraqi forces push into last IS urban stronghold in Rawa". Xinhua News Agency. November 17, 2017. Archived from the original on November 18, 2017.
    41. ^ "Iraqi forces captures last Isil-held town in Iraq". The Telegraph. November 17, 2017.
    42. ^ Ahmed Rasheed (November 21, 2017). "Iraq to declare final victory over Islamic State after desert campaign". Reuters.
    43. ^ "IS conflict: Iraq begins final push to clear western desert". BBC News. November 23, 2017.
    44. ^ "Iraq forces say Daesh retreating deep into desert". GeoTV. Agence-France Presse.
    45. ^ "Security forces regain control of 45 villages in anti-IS offensive in western Iraq". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on November 25, 2017.
    46. ^ "Iraq face tough battle against Daesh desert hideouts". The Daily Star. Agence-France Presse. November 27, 2017. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
    47. ^ "Iraq pushes toward Daesh holdouts, PM eyes victory". The Daily Star. Agence-France Presse. December 9, 2017. Archived from the original on December 9, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
    48. ^ "Iraq declares final victory over Islamic State". Reuters. December 9, 2017.
    49. ^ "Iraq declares liberation of all Iraqi lands from IS". Xinhua News Agency. December 9, 2017. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017.
    50. ^ a b Ahmed Aboulenein (December 10, 2017). "Iraq holds victory parade after defeating Islamic State". Reuters. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
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