Hans Christian Gerlach is professor of Modern History at the University of Bern.[1] Gerlach is also Associate Editor of the Journal of Genocide Research[2] and author of multiple books dealing with the Hunger Plan, the Holocaust, and genocide.
Writings
editHis books include Krieg, Ernährung, Volkermord: Forschungen zur Deutschen Vernichtungspolitik im Zweiten Weltkrieg (1998); Kalkulierte Morde: die Deutsche Wirtschafts- und Vernichtungspolitik in Weissrussland 1941 bis 1944 (1999); Das letzte Kapitel (co-authored with and Götz Aly in 2002); and Sur la conférence de Wannsee (2002).[3]
Work and views
editGerlach's article "Extremely Violent Societies: An Alternative to the Concept of Genocide"[4] has been the subject of great debate among scholars of genocide and violence.[5] In the article, Gerlach challenges the model utilized in trying to understand genocide. Gerlach has previously stirred intense debate among Holocaust historians with his thesis surrounding 12 December 1941, as the date on which Adolf Hitler made the decision to annihilate the Jews of Europe.[6]
Gerlach continues to oppose the concept of genocide. His history of the Holocaust, The Extermination of the European Jews, does not use the term,[7] and in a 2023 interview with the World Socialist Web Site he called genocide "an analytically worthless concept made for political purposes" and "an instrument of liberal imperialism".[8]
Gerlach is also known for his critical attitude towards the national-conservative resistance in Nazi Germany. According to Gerlach, the resistance offered by officers such as Claus von Stauffenberg and Henning von Tresckow, who were responsible for the assassination attempt on Hitler on 20 July 1944, was insincere, and Tresckow and many other resistance fighters were heavily implicated in Nazi war crimes.[9]
Gerlach's thesis was criticized by a number of scholars, among them Peter Hoffmann from McGill University and Klaus Jochen Arnold, from the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, a political party foundation associated with the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU).[10] In 2011, Danny Orbach, a Harvard based historian, wrote that Gerlach's reading of the sources is highly skewed, and, at times, diametrically opposed to what they actually say. In one case, according to Orbach, Gerlach had falsely paraphrased the memoir of the resistance fighter Colonel Rudolf Christoph Freiherr von Gersdorff, and in another case, quoted misleadingly from an SS document. Hence, Orbach concludes that Gerlach's thesis on the German resistance is highly unreliable.[11]
Other historians agree with Gerlach's findings. For example, the research by Johannes Hürter, a historian at the Institute for Contemporary History in Munich, confirms the culpability of the staff of Army Group Centre in war crimes and Nazi atrocities. In his work Auf dem Weg zur Militaeropposition: Tresckow, Gersdoff, der Vernichtungskrieg und der Judenmord ("Resistance in the Military: Tresckow, Gersdoff, the War of Extermination and the Murder of Jews"), Huerter analyzes documents on the relationship of Army Group Centre with the Einsatzgruppe B in 1941. He concludes that Tresckow and his circle of conspirators within the Army Group Centre were well informed about the mass murder of Jews following Operation Barbarossa and provided required cooperation. Their national-conservative ideology was aligned with the Nazi regime in its anti-communism, accompanied by racial prejudice against Slavs and Jews. Only when it became apparent that the defeat was imminent, and that Germany would be held responsible for its genocidal policies, did so-called ethical considerations come into play, he finds.[12]
References
editCitations
edit- ^ "Universität Bern - Historisches Institut - Ordinariat Gerlach". Archived from the original on 31 May 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
- ^ "Taylor & Francis Journals: Welcome". Archived from the original on 12 January 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
- ^ "gerlach cv". Archived from the original on 17 April 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
- ^ Gerlach, Christian (December 2006). "Extremely Violent Societies: An Alternative to the Concept of Genocide". Journal of Genocide Research. 8 (4): 455–471. doi:10.1080/14623520601056299. ISSN 1462-3528.
- ^ "Türk Tarih Kurumu". Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
- ^ "December 12, 1941: an Essay by Goetz Aly". Archived from the original on 4 February 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
- ^ Browning, Christopher R. "The Two Different Ways of Looking at Nazi Murder". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ Weiss, Clara (5 January 2023). "An interview with historian Christian Gerlach on the Nazi war of annihilation against the Soviet Union". World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ Christian Gerlach, "Men of 20 July and the War in the Soviet Union", in War of extermination: the German military in World War II, 1941-1944 / edited by Hannes Heer and Klaus Naumann, New York : Berghahn Books, c2000.
- ^ Peter Hoffmann, Carl Goerdeler and the Jewish question, 1933-1942, Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2011, xvi. Klaus Jochen Arnold, Verbrecher aus eigener Initiative? Der 20. Juli 1944 und die Thesen Christian Gerlachs
- ^ Danny Orbach, "Criticism Reconsidered: The German Resistance to Hitler in Critical German Scholarship", Journal of Military History 75:2 (April 2011)
- ^ Kienle 2005.
Bibliography
edit- Kienle, Polly (2005). "Still Fighting for the Myth: German Wehrmacht Officers' Reports for the U.S. Historical Division". H-net.com. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016.