Flamingo, a sculpture by American artist Alexander Calder, is a 53-foot-tall (16 m)[2] stabile located in the Federal Plaza in front of the Kluczynski Federal Building in Chicago, Illinois, United States.[3] It was commissioned by the United States General Services Administration and was unveiled in 1974, although Calder's signature on the sculpture indicates it was constructed in 1973.[4]
| Flamingo | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Flamingo Location in Chicago | |
| Artist | Alexander Calder |
| Year | October 25, 1974 |
| Type | painted steel stabile |
| Dimensions | 1,620 cm (636 in) |
| Location | Chicago |
| 41°52′44″N 87°37′47″W / 41.87881°N 87.62967°W | |
| Owner | General Services Administration[1] |
Attributes
editFlamingo weighs 50 tons, is composed of steel, and is vermilion in color. Calder gave the stabile its color, which has come to be called "Calder red",[5] to offset it from the black and steel surroundings of nearby office buildings, including the Ludwig Mies van der Rohe-designed Kluczynski Federal Building.[6][7] The stabile is an art form which Calder pioneered. It is an abstract structure that is completely stationary, as opposed to a mobile, which can move with air currents. In 2012, the sculpture received a fresh paint job in its characteristic color.[8]
Commissioning and unveiling
editCalder was commissioned to design the sculpture because of his well-established international reputation; the space, surrounded by rectangular modern buildings, necessitated the kind of arching forms and dynamic surfaces that a large-scale Calder stabile could provide.[9] Flamingo was the first work of art commissioned by the General Services Administration under the federal Percent for Art program, which allocates a percentage of a project's budget to public art.[10][11] Calder unveiled the model for Flamingo on April 23, 1973, at the Art Institute of Chicago; the sculpture was presented to the public for the first time on October 25, 1974, at the same time that Calder's Universe mobile was unveiled at the Sears Tower (now the Willis Tower). The day was proclaimed "Alexander Calder Day" and featured a circus parade.[10]
Spatial relationships
edit
Despite the massive size of the sculpture, its design is such that viewers can walk underneath and around it, thus enabling one to perceive it in human scale.[5] The shape of Flamingo alludes to the natural and animal realm, which is a stark contrast to more literal interpretations in sculpture from previous decades.[12]
Calder's structure is a prominent example of the constructivist movement, first popularized in Russia in the early 20th century. Constructivism refers to sculpture that is made from smaller pieces which are joined.[13]
A maquette of the stabile was formerly displayed inside the Loop Station post office in the Federal Plaza.[6] It currently resides in the Art Institute of Chicago's Modern Wing.
See also
edit- List of public art in Chicago
- Flying Dragon, a nearby Calder sculpture also utilizing the color Calder red
References
edit- ^ "Search results for: Flamingo calder, page 1 | Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution".
- ^ "Chicago Public Library". Retrieved 2007-05-04.
- ^ "Art Inventories Catalogue". Smithsonian Institution. 2004. Retrieved 2007-07-01.
- ^ "about.com Chicago". Archived from the original on 2007-08-16. Retrieved 2007-05-04.
- ^ a b "The Chicago Public Art Guide" (PDF). winterdelights.com. City of Chicago Department of Public Affairs. Retrieved 2007-05-04.
- ^ a b Higdon, Hal. "Starting with Picasso: Chicago's Finest Art Isn't All in the Art Institute". halhigdon.com. Archived from the original on 2009-12-31. Retrieved 2007-05-04.
- ^ May, Stephen. "Alexander Calder at the National Gallery of Art". antiquesandthearts.com. Archived from the original on 2007-04-05. Retrieved 2007-05-04.
- ^ Lodge, Robert (2013). "NOTES FOR A HISTORY OF "CALDER RED" COLOR AND ITS PAINTS IN THE UNITED STATES IN RELATION TO THE RECOATINGS OF ALEXANDER CALDER'S FLAMINGO (1973) AND LA GRANDE VITESSE (1969) AND OTHER CALDER STABILES" (PDF). sculptureconservation.com.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Joan Marter (July 1979). "Alexander Calder's Stabiles: Monumental Public Sculpture in America". American Art Journal. 11 (3). American Art Journal, Vol. 11, No. 3: 75–85. doi:10.2307/1594168. JSTOR 1594168.
- ^ a b "Calder Foundation: Calder's Life". Archived from the original on 2007-04-16. Retrieved 2007-05-04.
- ^ Wetenhall, John (Fall–Winter 1993). "A Brief History of Percent-for-Art in America" (PDF). Public Art Review (9). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-26.
- ^ Joan Marter (July–August 1998). "The Legacy of Alexander Calder". Sculpture. Vol. 17, no. 6.
- ^ Hubbard, Guy (January 2002). "Constructivism". Arts & Activities. Vol. 130, no. 6. p. 37.