The International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF) is a proscribed organisation that aims to establish an independent homeland for the Sikhs called Khalistan.[1] It is banned as a terrorist organisation under Australian, Japanese,[2] Indian,[3] Canadian[4] and American[5] counter-terrorism legislation.[6] The Government of India has declared it a terrorist organisation.[7] While banned, the organization continues to receive financial support from many Sikh people based in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom.[8]
| International Sikh Youth Federation | |
|---|---|
| ਇੰਟਰਨੈਸ਼ਨਲ ਸਿੱਖ ਯੂਥ ਫੈਡਰੇਸ਼ਨ | |
 Logo of the ISYF | |
| Leader | Jasvir Singh Rode |
| Foundation | 23 September 1984 |
| Dates of operation | 1984 – present |
| Country | India |
| Motives | The creation of a Sikh independent state of Khalistan |
| Active regions | India |
| Ideology | Sikh Sovereignty |
| Major actions | Assassinations, bombings and abductions |
| Status | Active |
| Means of revenue | Sikh diaspora |
| Designated as a terrorist group by |  Canada India Japan United States |
Origin
editInternational Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF) was formed on 23 September 1984 in Walsall, UK after the Operation Blue Star conducted by the Indian Military. It was founded by Jasbir Singh Rode, the nephew of Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale. Its first conference was held in Walsall, UK.[9]
History and activities
editIn 1984, the All India Sikh Students Federation (AISSF) started the ISYF in the United Kingdom as an international branch.[4][10]
The 1985 bombing of Air India Flight 182 off Ireland, the deadliest aircraft terror attack until the September 11, 2001 attacks, and the attempted bombing of Air India Flight 301, were allegedly carried out by Sikh extremists. Inderjit Singh Reyat, a dual British-Canadian citizen and member of the ISYF, was found guilty of manslaughter for making the bombs and had to spend more than 20 years imprisoned in Canada, and is the only individual convicted in these attacks as of 9 Feb 2009.[11][12][13]
ISYF members have engaged in terrorist attacks, assassinations, and bombings against both Indian figures and moderate Sikhs opposing them.[10] The organisation has also collaborated and associated with other Sikh militant organisations, including Babbar Khalsa,[4] the Khalistan Liberation Force,[10] and Khalistan Commando Force.[10]
Lord Bassam of Brighton, then Home Office minister, stated that ISYF members working from the UK had committed "assassinations, bombings and kidnappings" and were a "threat to national security."[11] In 2001 it was proscribed as a terrorist organisation by the British government for its attacks.[14]
ISYF head Lakhbir Singh Rode was accused by a chargesheet for a bomb blast in a Ludhiana Court on December 23, 2021. It resulted in 1 death and 6 injuries.[15][16]
Some of the ISYF members who are wanted in India and absconding, have been operating out of Canada as well. One of the members, Sandeep Singh Sidhu, was involved in the assassination of an ex-Indian law enforcer in Punjab's Tarn Taran district in October 2020. It was later discovered that Sidhu was employed with Canada Border Service Agency (CBSA). [17][18]
Leadership
editJasbir Singh Rode was the nephew of Bhindranwale and member of fundamentalist Sikh organisation Damdami Taksal. After Operation Bluestar while in Pakistan Rode used the Sikh shrines at Pakistan to make anti-India speeches and provoked the audience to attack the Indian diplomats who were present.[19] Rode then arrived in the United Kingdom in August 1984.
On 23 September 1984 the formation of International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF) was announced by Harpal Singh and Jasbir Singh Rode.[20] The group had a 51-member panel headed by Pargat Singh.[21] But, by December 1984, Rode was expelled from the UK for publicly advocating violent methods in support of the Khalistan movement.[22]
Rode was arrested by Indian authorities in Manila while seeking asylum in a chase spanning Thailand and the Philippines. He was imprisoned for two years in India.[19] Upon his release, he moderated, now advocating pursuing constitutional changes within Indian framework.[22] This mode disappointed many of his followers and created a rift in the UK branches roughly along north/south lines: the northern branches known as ISYF (Rode) followed Rode's moderate stance while the southern branches instead followed Dr. Sohan Singh.[22]
The former leader of ISYF, Lakhbir Singh Rode, was sought for trial in India. He was wanted in cases of arms smuggling, conspiracy to attack government leaders in New Delhi, and spreading religious hatred in Punjab. As per Indian sources, he resided in Lahore, Pakistan after he had escaped to Pakistan due to his association with illegal activities in India while his family settled in Canada. He died of a heart attack in December 2023 in Pakistan's Lahore.[23][24][25]
Foreign support
editThere are allegations made by sources from the Indian based website the South Asian Terrorism portal that the ISYF has been supported by Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence organisation.[26][clarification needed]
Bannings
editUnited Kingdom
editIn February 2001, the United Kingdom banned twenty-one groups, including the ISYF, under the Terrorism Act 2000.[27][21] The ISYF was removed from the list of proscribed groups in March 2016 "following receipt of an application to deproscribe the organisation".[28]
In a separate legal challenge by the leadership of the Sikh Federation (UK), including Bhai Amrik Singh, the Home Secretary confirmed on 14 December 2015 that she would be recommending to Parliament that the ban on the International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF) should be removed (this was removed in March 2016).[29]
India
editIn 2002, the ISYF was banned in India, under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act designated as terrorist organisation by the Government of India.[3] It remains banned in India since then.[7]
Japan
editThe Japanese government banned it in 2002.[2]
Canada
editIn June 2003, Canada banned the organisation.[4][10] The Vancouver Sun reported in February 2008 that Singhs were campaigning to have both the Babbar Khalsa and International Sikh Youth Federation delisted as terrorist organisations. The article went on to state that the Public Safety Minister had never been approached by anyone lobbying to delist the banned groups and said, "the decision to list organisations such as Babbar Khalsa, Babbar Khalsa International and the International Sikh Youth Federation as terrorist entities under the Criminal Code is intended to protect Canada and Canadians from terrorism".[30]
United States
editThe ISYF was added to the US Treasury Department terrorism list on June 27, 2002.[5] In April 2004, the United States added four organisations, including the ISYF, to its terror list, allowing the US to deny entry (and to deport) any of its members.[5][6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF)". Institute for Conflict Management. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- ^ a b "MOFA: Implementation of the Measures including the Freezing of Assets against Terrorists and the Like". Archived from the original on 6 April 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
- ^ a b "Terrorism Act 2000". Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Currently listed entities". Government of Canada. 6 April 2009. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009.
- ^ a b c "What You Need To Know About U.S. Sanctions" (PDF). U.S. Department of Treasury. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 September 2008. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ a b "Indian groups join US terror list". BBC News. 30 April 2004. Archived from the original on 14 July 2004. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
- ^ a b "List of Banned Organisations". Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI. Government of India. Archived from the original on 3 May 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ^ "Canada lists Babbar Khalsa, Sikh Youth Federation as terror outfits". 13 December 2018. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
- ^ "INTERNATIONAL SIKH YOUTH FEDERATION (ISYF)". Khalistan Extremism Monitor. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Hamilton, Dwight; Rimsa, Kostas (2007). Terror Threat: International and Homegrown Terrorists and Their Threat to Canada. Dundurn Press. pp. 206–207. ISBN 978-1-55002-736-5.
- ^ a b Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). "Ken's adviser is linked to terror group". The London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (February 9, 2008). "Air India bombmaker sent to holding centre". Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on November 9, 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2009.
- ^ "Convicted Air India bomb-builder Inderjit Singh Reyat gets bail". CBC News. July 9, 2008. Archived from the original on July 10, 2008. Retrieved June 10, 2009.
- ^ "Terrorism Act 2000 (Proscribed Organisations) (Amendment) Order 2016 – Hansard". hansard.parliament.uk. Archived from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
- ^ "Ludhiana court blast: NIA conducts searches; recovers cash, phones, diaries". The Indian Express. 20 January 2023. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Pak-based Khalistani terrorist Lakhbir Singh Rode planned 2021 Ludhiana court blast". TimesNow. 8 January 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- ^ "Who is Sandeep Singh Sidhu aka Sunny Toronto? Khalistani terrorist now works for Canadian border police: India". The Week. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
- ^ "India names Canada border police official in terror case amid diplomatic row over Hardeep Nijjar killing". Hindustan Times. 19 October 2024. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
- ^ a b "There will be no sell-out of the Sikh community: Jasbir Singh Rode". India Today. 31 March 1988. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
- ^ Tatla, Darsham Singh (2005). The Sikh Diaspora: The Search For Statehood. 141: Routledge. ISBN 9781135367442. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ a b Carol R Ember; Melvin Ember; Ian A. Skoggard (2004). Encyclopedia of diasporas: immigrant and refugee cultures around the world. Springer. p. 1089. ISBN 978-0-306-48321-9. Archived from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
- ^ a b c Lauterpacht, Elihu; Greenwood, C. J.; Oppenheimer, A. G. (1998). International Law Reports. Cambridge University Press. p. 395. ISBN 978-0-521-58070-0.
- ^ "US to freeze assets of Babbar Khalsa, Intl Sikh Youth Federation". The Indian Express. Reuters. 28 June 2002. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
- ^ "Who Was Lakhbir Singh Rode, Pak-Based Khalistani Terrorist Wanted In India". NDTV.com. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
- ^ PTI (5 December 2023). "Khalistani terrorist Lakhbir Singh Rode, nephew of Bhindranwale, dies of heart attack in Pakistan". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
- ^ "International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF) South Asian Terrorism Portal article". The Institute for Conflict Management. n.d. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Norton-Taylor, Richard (1 March 2001). "ISYF banned under new terror law". Guardian Unlimited. Archived from the original on 28 April 2005. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
- ^ "PROSCRIBED TERRORIST ORGANISATIONS" (PDF). Home Office. n.d. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 June 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
- ^ Ramchurn, Sheena (30 September 2016). "Sikh Leader Campaigns for Khalistan, Secures British Passport After Long Legal Battle – Latest, National, Top Stories". The Asian Today Online. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (18 February 2008). "Sikh leader solicits support". The Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.