Field Marshal John Griffin Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden, KB (13 March 1719 – 25 May 1797), was a British Army officer, politician and peer. He served as a junior officer with the Pragmatic Army in the Dutch Republic and Germany during the War of the Austrian Succession. After changing his surname to Griffin in 1749, he commanded a brigade at the Battle of Corbach in July 1760 during the Seven Years' War. He also commanded a brigade at the Battle of Warburg and was wounded at the Battle of Kloster Kampen.[1]
The Lord Howard de Walden | |
|---|---|
 John Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden | |
| Birth name | John Griffin Whitwell |
| Born | 13 March 1719 Oundle, Northamptonshire |
| Died | 25 May 1797 (aged 78) Audley End House, Essex |
| Place of burial | St Mary the Virgin Churchyard, Saffron Walden |
| Allegiance | Kingdom of Great Britain |
| Service | British Army |
| Years of service | 1739–1797 |
| Rank | Field Marshal |
| Battles / wars | War of the Austrian Succession Seven Years' War |
| Awards | Knight Companion of the Order of the Bath |
Early life
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He was born John Griffin Whitwell, the son of William Whitwell by his wife Anne Griffin, sister and sole heiress of Edward Griffin, 3rd Baron Griffin of Braybrooke, and granddaughter of James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk and 3rd Baron Howard de Walden (1619–1689).[3]
Career
editWhitwell was educated at Winchester College and commissioned as an ensign in the 3rd regiment of Foot Guards and lieutenant in the Army in 1739.[3] He served with the Pragmatic Army in the Low Countries and Germany during the War of the Austrian Succession and was promoted to captain in his regiment and lieutenant colonel in the Army in March 1744.[4]
Whitwell's aunt Elizabeth, Countess of Portsmouth agreed to leave him her interest in Audley End House if he changed his surname to Griffin: he did so in 1749, by Act of Parliament, becoming John Griffin Griffin.[4][5] He became Member of Parliament for Andover in November 1749.[4] Promoted to colonel on 29 May 1756 he became first major of his regiment on 9 May 1758.[6] Promoted to major-general on 12 September 1759,[7] he became colonel of the 50th Regiment of Foot in October 1759 and colonel of the 33rd Regiment of Foot in May 1760.[4]
Griffin commanded a brigade of at least four battalions at the Battle of Corbach in July 1760 during the Seven Years' War.[8] At Corbach, following the arrival of French reinforcements from Frankenberg, the allied army was forced to withdraw.[9] He also commanded a brigade at the Battle of Warburg later that month where the allied army were more successful.[4] He was present and wounded at the Battle of Kloster Kampen in October 1760.[10]
Griffin was appointed Knight Companion of the Order of the Bath on 11 April 1761[11] and inherited Audley End House outright when his aunt died in 1762.[12] Promoted to lieutenant-general on 26 March 1765,[13] he became colonel of the 1st Troop, Horse Grenadier Guards in March 1766 and was promoted to full general on 14 April 1778.[14] During the political crisis in the early 1780s at the end of the American Revolutionary War he was generally a supporter of William Pitt the Younger.[3]
Pitt arranged for the Barony of Howard de Walden to be called out of abeyance in Griffin's favour, so elevating him to the House of Lords, on 3 August 1784[15] and for Griffin to be appointed Lord Lieutenant of Essex in November 1784.[3] Griffin became colonel of the 4th Dragoons in March 1788, was additionally created 1st Baron Braybrooke on 30 August 1788[16] and was promoted to field marshal on 30 July 1796.[17] He died on 25 May 1797.[18]
Family
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In 1749 he married Anna Maria Schutz and in 1765 he married Catherine Clayton; there were no children from either marriage.[3]
References
edit- ^ Rapson, Edward James (1890). . In Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney (eds.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 23. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ a b Owen, W. (1790). The Peerage of England, Scotland, and Ireland: Or, the Ancient and Present State of Nobility : Containing a Genealogical Account of the Respective Peers; Whether by Tenure, Summons, Or Creation, Their Descents and Collateral Branches, Births, Marriages, Issue, Chief Seats, Coats of Arms, Crests, Supporters, and Literal Translations of the Mottos : to which are Annexed the Extinct and Forfeited Peerages, and an Alphabetical Index of All Family Names of the Peers, and Titles of Their Eldest Sons : in Three Volumes. W. Owen [and 2 others]. p. 395. as visible in Audley End House, Essex [1]
- ^ a b c d e "John Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/11589. Retrieved 5 July 2014. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b c d e Heathcote, p. 153
- ^ "Deed Poll Office: Private Act of Parliament 1748 (22 Geo. 2). c. 2".
- ^ "No. 9789". The London Gazette. 6 May 1758. p. 2.
- ^ "No. 9930". The London Gazette. 11 September 1759. p. 1.
- ^ The Manuscripts of His Grace, the Duke of Rutland, Vol. II, London 1889, p. 209, these are 4 of the "...six battalions-1,000 men each..." mentioned. Manners, Walter Evelyn, Some Account of the Military, Political, and Social Life of the Right Hon. John Manners Marquis of Granby, London, 1899, Macmillan and Company Ltd., p. 131, note 5: "...Carr's, Brudenell's, Hodgson's, Cornwallis'
- ^ The Manuscripts of His Grace, the Duke of Rutland, Vol. II, London 1889, p. 219
- ^ "Griffin, John Griffin (1719–97), of Audley End, Essex". History of Parliament. Retrieved 5 July 2014.
- ^ "No. 10094". The London Gazette. 7 April 1761. p. 2.
- ^ "Audley End, Saffron Walden, Essex: Monument to Elizabeth, Countess of Portsmouth, commissioned by Sir John Griffin Griffin Bt (later 4th Lord Howard de Walden), c1763, unexecuted (3)". Sir John Soane's Museum. Retrieved 5 July 2014.
- ^ "No. 10507". The London Gazette. 23 March 1765. p. 1.
- ^ "No. 11865". The London Gazette. 11 April 1778. p. 1.
- ^ "No. 12566". The London Gazette. 3 August 1784. p. 2.
- ^ "No. 13020". The London Gazette. 26 August 1788. p. 413.
- ^ "No. 13918". The London Gazette. 2 August 1796. p. 743.
- ^ Heathcote, p. 154
Sources
edit- Heathcote, Tony (1999). The British Field Marshals, 1736–1997: A Biographical Dictionary. Barnsley: Leo Cooper. ISBN 0-85052-696-5.
- . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.