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Hedwig Emma Käthe "Kitty" Kuse (March 17, 1904 – November 7, 1999)[1] was an activist for lesbian emancipation in Germany after the Second World War. She founded the first group for older lesbian women and was the founder, editor and author of the monthly magazine UKZ – Unsere kleine Zeitung.
Life
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Kitty Kuse grew up in a politically left-wing working-class milieu in Berlin Schöneberg. After elementary school and vocational training, she worked as a commercial employee.
During the National Socialist era, Kitty Kuse did not join the NSDAP and did not belong to any Nazi organization. She was unemployed for a long time and later worked as a punch operator on the assembly line. She hid her sexual identity and considered adopting a male first name.[2] A doctor from Magnus Hirschfeld's Institute for Sexual Science advised her not to do so, so that she would not be on record with the Nazis.[2] She supported lesbians who were persecuted as Jews. She brought Gertrude Sandmann food across Berlin to the hiding place. After the Second World War, she lived in East Berlin, completed her A-levels and studied economics.
Before the Wall was built, she moved to West Berlin with her partner. In the 1950s and 1960s, lesbian sexuality was not a punishable offense, "but the repression that existed under National Socialism against any lifestyle that did not correspond to the classic family image and the ideal of the housewife marriage continued. Women who loved women were subjected to massive pressure to marry, which forced them to lead a double life and to deny their sexual orientation. The taboo had such an effect that even today the words 'lesbian' or 'Lesbe' are hardly pronounceable for witnesses of this time."[3] In the feminist movement of the 1970s, the name 'lesbian' was re-evaluated from a discriminatory to a positive, resistant term.
Kuse founded the group "L 74" together with other women in November 1974. "L" stood for Lesbos, "74" for the founding year. In the group, older working or retired women initially met in the rooms of Homosexuelle Aktion Westberlin (HAW). Some of them had become acquainted with lesbian culture during the Weimar era.[4] It was the first association of older lesbians whose realities of life differed from those of younger women in the movement. Gertrude Sandmann and her partner Tamara Streck were among the occasional collaborators. From February 1975, Kuse published the group's small-format monthly magazine UKZ - Unsere kleine Zeitung, which existed until 2001.[5][6][7] Sandmann's drawing Liebende illustrated the cover for years. The publication was intended to help make homophobia and sexism visible in society and encourage lesbian women to step out of isolation.
Kuse died in Berlin, aged 95.
Kitty Kuse was never a femme fatale and yet she lived beyond all conventions. She had relationships with women from the age of 16 and yet never had contact with the dazzling subculture of the Weimar era ... Kitty Kuse managed the feat of swimming with the tide and yet living against the grain.
On the commemoration of Kuse's 112th birthday, a memorial stone for her was laid as part of the 160th anniversary of the Alter St.-Matthäus-Kirchhof, Berlin, and the Berlin Women's March in 2016,[8] to commemorate the pioneer of the lesbian movement. Eva Rieger and Christiane von Lengerke paid tribute to her life.[9][10] In June 2017, a green space in Berlin-Schöneberg was named Kitty-Kuse-Platz.
Documentary film
edit- Tille Ganz: Kitty Kuse, portrait film, 45 min, 1985/94[11]
References
edit- ^ a b Ilse Kokula: "Ganz normal anders und engagiert". In: Baerbel Becker (Hrsg.): Bad Women. Luder, Schlampen und Xanthippen. Elefanten Press, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-88520-315-4, pp. 130–131 (131). Cited in : Sigrid Wiegand: "Kitty Kuse – Mit dem Strom und doch gegen den Strich", Stadtteilzeitung Schöneberg, 1 March 2016.
- ^ a b Ilse Kokula, Christiane von Lengerke, Eva Rieger: Käthe (Kitty) Kuse, fembio.de
- ^ Dilek Kolat: "Vorwort", Christiane Leidinger: Lesbische Existenz 1945–1969. Aspekte der Erforschung gesellschaftlicher Ausgrenzung und Diskriminierung lesbischer Frauen mit Schwerpunkt auf Lebenssituationen, Diskriminierungs- und Emanzipationserfahrungen in der frühen Bundesrepublik (= Dokumente lesbisch-schwuler Emanzipation. 34). Senatsverwaltung für Arbeit, Integration und Frauen – Landesstelle für Gleichbehandlung – gegen Diskriminierung, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-9816391-5-5, p. 7.
- ^ Ilse Lenz (2010), ibid., p. 239[incomplete short citation]
- ^ UKZ: ZDB-ID 9112-1
- ^ Eva Bornemann, Helga Trachsel: "Gruppe L 74 und Zeitschrift UkZ (Unsere kleine Zeitung)", in: Gabriele Dennert (ed.): In Bewegung bleiben. 100 Jahre Politik, Kultur und Geschichte von Lesben. Querverlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-89656-148-0, pp. 77–79 (77).
- ^ Franka Fieseler: "Zur Geschichte lesbisch-feministischer Zeitschriften in Deutschland", in: Lea Susemichel, Saskya Rudiger, Gabi Horak (eds.): Feministische Medien. Öffentlichkeiten jenseits des Malestream. Ulrike Helmer, Königstein (Taunus) 2008, ISBN 978-3-89741-265-1, pp. 134–150 (138ff).
- ^ "Ein Gedenkstein für Kitty Kuse", zwoelf-apostel-berlin.de
- ^ Charlie Kaufhold: "Aus der Isolation heraustreten. Gedenkstein für Kitty Kuse: In Berlin wird an eine Pionierin der Lesbenbewegung erinnert", Junge Welt, 11 March 2016, p. 15.
- ^ "Gedenkstein für Kitty Kuse", press release Tempelhof-Schöneberg local government
- ^ "Events: Tille Ganz: Filmportraits". Schwules Museum (in German). Archived from the original on March 25, 2016.